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词条 State-owned enterprises of South Africa
释义

  1. History

      Financial troubles and corruption  

  2. List

  3. See also

  4. External websites

  5. References

{{Short description|Public enterprises in South Africa}}In South Africa the Department of Public Enterprises is the shareholder representative of the South African Government[1] with oversight responsibility for state-owned enterprises in key sectors. Some companies are not directly controlled by the Department of Public Enterprises, but by various other departments.

State-owned enterprises play a significant role in the South African economy. In key sectors such as electricity, transport (air, rail, freight, and pipelines), and telecommunications, SOEs play a lead role, often defined by law, although limited competition is allowed in some sectors (i.e., telecommunications and air). The government’s interest in these sectors often competes with and discourages foreign investment.[2]

The Department of Public Enterprises minister has publicly stated that South Africa’s SOEs should advance economic transformation, industrialization and import substitution. DPE has oversight responsibility in full or in part for six of the approximately 700 SOEs that exist at the national, provincial, and local levels: Alexkor (diamonds), Denel (military equipment), Eskom (electricity generation), South African Express Airways, South African Forestry Company (SAFCOL) (forestry), South African Broadcasting Corporation and Transnet (transportation). These seven SOEs employ approximately 105,000 people. The SOEs share of the investment was 21% while private enterprise contributed 63% (government spending made up the remainder of 16%). The IMF estimates that the debt of the SOEs would add 13.5% to the overall national debt.[2]

History

Many state-owned firms were established during the apartheid era to counter the impact of international sanctions against the country.[2] The ANC government initially sold stakes in the companies, and lowered import tariffs. Those measures were reversed following opposition from COSATU and the South African Communist Party.[2] By 2007, an alliance of unions and leftist factions within the ANC had unseated President Thabo Mbeki, replacing him with Jacob Zuma.[2] The new ANC policy aimed at expanding the role of SOEs in the economy, following the example of China.[2]

Although in 2015 and 2016, senior government leaders discussed allowing private-sector investment into some of the more than 700 state-owned enterprises and recently released a report of a presidential review commission on SOE, which called for rationalization of SOEs, no concrete action has been taken on the topic yet.[3]

Financial troubles and corruption

By the end of the Zuma administration in 2018 corruption within South African state owned enterprises by individuals connected to government such as the controversial Gupta family had led to many enterprises facing deep financial difficulty.[4] Deepening financial issues and government bailouts of enterprises such as the South African Broadcasting Corporation,[5][6][7] South African Airways,[8][9][10] Eskom,[11][12], Denel[13][14] and Transnet caused increased public controversy. By the end of 2015/16 combined government guarantees on debts owed by state owned enterprises had reached R467 billion (equivalent to US$33.1 billion) and were expected to reach R500 billion by 2020 representing 10 percent of South Africa's GDP.[4] The situation at Eskom was regarded as so serious as to lead the South African business newspaper Business Day to speculate that it could cause a national banking crisis.[15]

List

Non-complete list of South African government owned enterprises
NameIndustryNotesEmployeesRevenueProfit/(Loss)Ownership typeEstablished
Airports Company of South Africa (ACSA)Airport managementOwner and operator of major airports.Fully government owned1993
AlexkorMiningDiamond mining.859[16]R208ml[16]Fully government owned1992
Armscor (South Africa)Arms procurementArms procurement agency for the SANDF.1,641R1.67bn1968
Broadband InfracoTelecommunicationsLong distance & international internet connectivity.
Council for Scientific and Industrial ResearchResearch & Development3,0001945
Central Energy FundResearch & DevelopmentEnergy development.
DenelArms procurementArmaments manufacturer.7,634R3.92bnFully government owned1992
Development Bank of Southern AfricaBankingFunding for social and economic infrastructure.600R2.6bnFully government owned1983
EskomPublic utilityElectrical production, transmission and distribution monopoly.48,628R177.5bn(R2.3bn)Majority government owned1923
National Parks BoardNature conservationOwner and operator of national parks.4,027Fully government owned1926
PBMRResearch & DevelopmentDevelopment of Pebble Bed Modular Reactor nuclear energy technology9001994
Passenger Rail Agency of South AfricaRailwaysPassenger railway services16,119R2.88bnFully government owned1990
PetroSAEnergyNational oil and gas company1,594R10.3bn(R1.6bn)1965
Post OfficePostal services18,119R4.5bn(R908ml)Fully government owned1991
Rand WaterPublic utilityWater utility for Gauteng province.1903
SentechTelecommunicationsTelecommunications infrastructure1996
South African AirwaysTransportInternational airline10,071R30.7bn(R5.4bn)1934
South African Broadcasting CorporationBroadcastingSouth African public service broadcasterR6.6bn(R622ml)Fully government owned1936
SA ExpressTransportRegional airline9801994
South African Forestry CompanyForestryManages forestry on state owned land
South African National Roads AgencyInfrastructureMaintenance and development of the national road network397R3,6bnR1.01bnFully government owned1998
TransnetTransportRailways, harbours, oil/fuel pipelines and terminals49,078R38bnMajority government owned1990
Trans-Caledon Tunnel AuthorityPublic utilityWater transport authority
Telkom SATelecommunicationsNational telephone monopoly18,286R41bnR4.9bn39.8% government owned[17]1991
VodacomTelecommunicationsCellular services7,554R86.4bnR24.5bn13.9% government owned[17]1994
SasolEnergyInternational coal-liquefaction, petroleum refining and distribution.30,100US$21.7bnUS$3.11bn27.3% government owned[18]1950

See also

  • Minister of Public Enterprises
  • Department of Public Enterprises

External websites

  • [https://nationalgovernment.co.za/ Index of all South African state owned enterprises]

References

1. ^"State Owned Companies", Department of Public Enterprises, Republic of South Africa. Retrieved 2017-01-28.
2. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|title=Commanding plights|url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21662553-poorly-managed-state-companies-are-dragging-down-wider-economy-commanding|accessdate=21 February 2018|work=The Economist|date=27 August 2015|language=en}}
3. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=South Africa - State Owned Enterprises|url=https://www.export.gov/article?id=South-Africa-State-Owned-Enterprises|publisher=US State Department's Office of Investment Affairs|accessdate=21 February 2018}} {{PD-notice}}
4. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://theconversation.com/corrupt-state-owned-enterprises-lie-at-the-heart-of-south-africas-economic-woes-79135|title=Corrupt state owned enterprises lie at the heart of South Africa's economic woes|last=Mutize|first=Dr Misheck|last2=Gossel|first2=Sean|website=The Conversation|language=en|access-date=2018-12-13}}
5. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/sabc-in-financial-crisis-admits-acting-ceo-20170510|title=SABC in financial crisis, admits acting CEO|date=2017-05-10|website=News24|language=en|access-date=2018-12-13}}
6. ^{{Cite web|url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/2030126/why-hlaudi-mostly-to-blame-for-sabc-financial-crisis/|title=Why Hlaudi mostly to blame for SABC financial crisis|last=Sokutu|first=Brian|website=The Citizen|language=en|access-date=2018-12-13}}
7. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2018-08-02-finances-at-sabc-are-so-dire-that-it-cannot-pay-content-providers/|title=Finances at SABC are so dire that it cannot pay content providers|website=www.businesslive.co.za|language=en|access-date=2018-12-13}}
8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/business-report/companies/saa-in-far-deeper-trouble-13670626|title=SAA in far deeper trouble {{!}} IOL Business Report|website=www.iol.co.za|language=en|access-date=2018-12-13}}
9. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.biznews.com/sa-investing/2018/05/17/saa-full-financial-distress-exposed|title=SAA’s full financial distress exposed – rehab starts|last=Bateman|first=Chris|date=2018-05-17|website=BizNews.com|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-12-13}}
10. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-40813582|title=South African Airways 'near bankruptcy'|date=2017-08-03|work=BBC News|access-date=2018-12-13|language=en-GB}}
11. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/bloated-eskom-falls-deeper-into-financial-crisis--|title=Bloated Eskom falls deeper into financial crisis – Natasha Mazzone - POLITICS {{!}} Politicsweb|website=www.politicsweb.co.za|access-date=2018-12-13}}
12. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/editorials/2018-06-29-editorial-future-is-tied-to-eskoms-fate/|title=EDITORIAL: How Eskom could cause a banking crisis|website=www.businesslive.co.za|language=en|access-date=2018-12-13}}
13. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/business/2018-06-05-denel-has-a-r234-billion-debt-problem-and-no-plan-how-to-tackle-it/|title=Denel has a R2.34-billion debt problem - and no plan how to tackle it|website=www.timeslive.co.za|language=en|access-date=2018-12-13}}
14. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/companies/2018-11-29-for-denel-to-survive-it-needs-partners-soon-warns-armscors-kevin-wakeford/|title=For Denel to survive, it needs partners, soon, warns Armscor’s Kevin Wakeford|website=www.businesslive.co.za|language=en|access-date=2018-12-13}}
15. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/editorials/2018-06-29-editorial-future-is-tied-to-eskoms-fate/|title=EDITORIAL: How Eskom could cause a banking crisis|website=www.businesslive.co.za|language=en|access-date=2018-12-13}}
16. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.alexkor.co.za/assets/alexkor-ar-2018.pdf|title=Alexkor Annual Report: 2018|last=|first=|date=31 March 2018|website=Alexkor|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
17. ^1 [https://mybroadband.co.za/news/broadband/130048-here-is-governments-shareholding-in-south-african-telecoms-companies.htm "Here is Government’s shareholding in South African telecoms companies"], mybroadband.co.za, 23 June 2015.
18. ^"Major shareholders", sasol.co.za. Retrieved 2017-01-28.
{{State-owned enterprises by country|Africa}}

1 : Government-owned companies of South Africa
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