“STATES Act”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Strengthening the Tenth Amendment Through Entrusting States (STATES) Act, S.3032, was a bill proposed in the 115th United States Congress that would recognize legalization of cannabis and the U.S. state laws that have legalized it through their legislatures or citizen initiative. It was introduced on June 7, 2018 by Senators Cory Gardner (Republican from Colorado) and Elizabeth Warren (Democrat from Massachusetts).^[1] A companion bill was introduced the same day in the House of Representatives, sponsored by Earl Blumenauer (Democrat from Oregon) and David Joyce (Republican from Ohio).^[2] The act would amend the Controlled Substances Act of 1970 to exempt from federal enforcement individuals or corporations in states who are in compliance with U.S. state, U.S. territory and the District of Columbia, or tribal law on cannabis, with certain additional provisions such as minimum ages.^[3]^[4]

History

According to Voice of America, "The impetus for the legislation was a decision by Attorney General Jeff Sessions in January to rescind Obama-era Justice Department guidelines that encouraged prosecutors to adopt a hands-off approach to marijuana law enforcement in states where the substance was legal", referring to the Cole Memorandum provisions rescinded on January 4, 2018.^[5]

On April 25, 2018, Senators Cory Gardner and Elizabeth Warren announced that they would introduce a bipartisan bill to prevent Federal interference with states that had legalized marijuana.^[7]^[8]^[9] The announcement came a few days after Senator Gardner spoke with President Trump and announced that he had received assurances that the President would support such legislation.^[10] As of late April, the details of the bill were unannounced but analysts said it "would not legalize cannabis nationally, but would allow each state the options of legalizing recreational or medical cannabis, or to continue to prohibit the plant entirely" and had announced the name of the bill.^[11]^[12]

On June 7, 2018, Warren introduced the bill in the U.S. Senate and Representative David Joyce introduced a companion bill in the U.S. House of Representatives. The Senate bill was referred to the Senate Judiciary Committee and the House bill was referred to the House Judiciary Committee and the House Energy and Commerce Committee.^[6]^[7] In December 2018, Gardner attempted to attach the bill as an amendment to the First Step Act, a criminal justice reform bill being debated in the Senate during the lame-duck session of the 115th U.S. Congress,^[8] but was blocked by a procedural maneuver from Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell.^[9]

Cosponsors and support

Senate

House

Governors

Reactions

President Donald Trump said he "probably will end up supporting" the bill on June 8.^[11] The same day, twelve governors, from West Coast states that had legalized cannabis for adult use, plus Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota and Pennsylvania, sent a letter to Congress urging passage of the measure.^[12]

A spokesperson for the Marijuana Policy Project called the STATES Act "the most significant piece of marijuana-related legislation ever introduced in Congress."^[14]

The Suquamish Tribe in Washington State, one of the first tribes with legal cannabis sales, indicated support for the bill.^[15]

Writing for Above the Law, a legal analysis website for attorneys, cannabis law specialist Hilary Bricken wrote that it was "for the first time ever, a real and legitimate bipartisan 'respect states' rights' effort" on "meaningful marijuana law reform at the Congressional level".^[16]

See also

References

1. ^{{citation|title=Senators announce bill to protect states' ability to make marijuana laws|author=Ali ROGIN|date=Jun 7, 2018|publisher=ABC News|url=https://abcnews.go.com/amp/Politics/senators-announce-bill-protect-states-legalization-marijuana/story?id=55719110}}
2. ^{{citation|newspaper=The Washington Post|title=Republican senator hopeful Trump will back bill to protect states’ rights on marijuana|author=Colby Itkowitz|date=June 7, 2018|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2018/06/07/republican-senator-confident-trump-will-back-bill-to-protect-states-rights-on-marijuana/}}
3. ^{{citation|newspaper=The Plain Dealer|location=Cleveland|title=Rep. Dave Joyce introduces bill that would let states decide their own marijuana laws|date=June 7, 2018|author=Sabrina Eaton|url=https://www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2018/06/rep_dave_joyce_introduces_bill.html}}
4. ^{{citation|title=With Trump's Support, STATES Act Could End Nationwide Cannabis Prohibition|author=Bruce KENNEDY|publisher=Leafly|date=June 7, 2018|url=https://www.leafly.com/news/politics/with-trumps-support-states-act-could-legalize-cannabis-nationwide}}
5. ^{{citation|publisher=Voice of America|title=Bill Would Let US States Enforce Own Marijuana Laws|author=Masood Farivar|date=June 7, 2018|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/bill-would-let-us-states-enforce-own-marijuana-laws/4429053.html}}
6. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹¹⁰¹¹{{cite web|title=Cosponsors - S.3032 - 115th Congress (2017-2018): STATES Act|website=www.congress.gov|access-date=July 7, 2018|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-bill/3032/cosponsors}}
7. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹¹⁰¹¹¹²¹³¹⁴¹⁵¹⁶¹⁷¹⁸¹⁹²⁰²¹²²²³²⁴²⁵²⁶²⁷²⁸²⁹³⁰³¹³²³³³⁴³⁵³⁶³⁷³⁸³⁹⁴⁰⁴¹⁴²⁴³⁴⁴⁴⁵⁴⁶{{cite web|title=Cosponsors - H.R.6043 - 115th Congress (2017-2018): STATES Act|website=www.congress.gov|access-date=July 7, 2018|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/6043/cosponsors}}
8. ^{{cite news|last=DeCosta-Klipa|first=Nik|title=Elizabeth Warren's marijuana bill has majority support in the Senate, according to its co-sponsor|work=Boston.com|url=https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2018/12/17/cory-gardner-elizabeth-warren-marijuana-bill-states-act-criminal-justice-reform|date=December 17, 2018|access-date=December 18, 2018}}
9. ^{{cite news|last=Staver|first=Anna|title=Sen. Cory Gardner fails to get marijuana reform into criminal justice bill|work=The Denver Post|publisher=Digital First Media|url=https://www.denverpost.com/2018/12/18/cory-gardner-marijuana-amendment-fails/|date=December 18, 2018|access-date=December 21, 2018}}
10. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹¹⁰¹¹{{cite news|last=Dumcius|first=Gintautas|title=Massachusetts Gov. Charlie Baker backs Sen. Elizabeth Warren's marijuana bill, urges Capitol Hill leaders to pass the legislation|website=MassLive.com|publisher=Advance Publications|url=https://www.masslive.com/news/index.ssf/2018/06/massachusetts_gov_charlie_bake_27.html|date=June 8, 2018|accessdate=June 14, 2018}}
11. ^{{citation|title=Marijuana efforts gain momentum in states, Congress|author=Em Steck|publisher=UPI|date=June 8, 2018 |url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2018/06/08/Marijuana-efforts-gain-momentum-in-states-Congress/9041528491161/}}
12. ^{{citation|title=Marijuana reform comes to Congress — fast and furious|author=Paul Danish |date= June 14, 2018|newspaper=Boulder Weekly|url=http://www.boulderweekly.com/features/cannabis-corner/marijuana-reform-comes-congress-fast-furious/}}
13. ^{{citation|title=Thank you, Jeff Sessions, for inadvertently kickstarting Congress' effort to legalize marijuana|authors=The Times Editorial Board|date=June 16, 2018|publisher=The Los Angeles Times|url=http://www.latimes.com/opinion/editorials/la-ed-marijuana-legalization-bill-20180616-story.html}}
14. ^{{citation|title=California's legalized marijuana would be federally lawful under bill introduced by Cory Gardner, Elizabeth Warren|authors=Mark K. Matthews and Brooke Staggs|date=June 7, 2018|newspaper=The Orange County Register|url=https://www.ocregister.com/2018/06/07/californias-legalized-marijuana-would-be-federally-lawful-under-bill-introduced-by-cory-gardner-elizabeth-warren/amp/}}
15. ^{{cite web|title=Trump will 'probably end up supporting' marijuana bill that helps tribes|website=indianz.com||publisher=Winnebago Tribe|date=June 12, 2018|url=https://www.indianz.com/News/2018/06/12/trump-will-probably-end-up-supporting-ma.asp}}
16. ^{{cite web|website=Above the Law|title=ICYMI: Legitimate Marijuana Reform May Be On The Horizon For . . . Congress!|author=Hilary Bricken|date=June 18, 2018|url=https://abovethelaw.com/2018/06/icymi-legitimate-marijuana-reform-may-be-on-the-horizon-for-congress/}}
17. ^¹{{citation|title=Gardner To Bring Bipartisan Cannabis Bill To Senate Floor|author=Ben Markus|publisher=Colorado Public Radio|date=April 25, 2018|url=http://www.cpr.org/news/story/gardner-to-bring-bipartisan-cannabis-bill-to-senate-floor}}
18. ^¹{{citation|title=Elizabeth Warren and Cory Gardner team up for a bipartisan Senate bill to back states' rights on marijuana: Sen. Cory Gardner of Colorado told Yahoo News he met with Sen. Elizabeth Warren to discuss a bill to prevent the feds from meddling in state-controlled marijuana industries.|author=Chloe Aiello|publisher=CNBC|date=April 26, 2018|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/26/sens-elizabeth-warren-and-cory-gardner-team-up-on-a-bipartisan-pot-bill.html}}
19. ^¹{{citation|title=Liz Warren has high hopes for pot bill|author=Jordan Graham |newspaper=Boston Herald|date= April 29, 2018|url=http://www.bostonherald.com/business/business_markets/2018/04/liz_warren_has_high_hopes_for_pot_bill}}
20. ^¹{{citation|title=Senators Elizabeth Warren and Cory Gardner Announce Cannabis States' Rights Bill|publisher=Merry Jane|author=Chris Moore|date=April 26, 2018|url=https://merryjane.com/news/senators-elizabeth-warren-and-cory-gardner-announce-cannabis-states-rights-bill}}
21. ^¹{{citation|newspaper=The Washington Post|title=Trump, Gardner strike deal on legalized marijuana, ending standoff over Justice nominees|author=Seung Min Kim |date= April 13, 2018|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-gardner-strike-deal-on-legalized-marijuana-ending-standoff-over-justice-nominees/2018/04/13/2ac3b35a-3f3a-11e8-912d-16c9e9b37800_story.html}}
22. ^¹{{Citation |title=Cory Gardner and politics as the art of the possible|author= Paul Danish |date=May 17, 2018|work=Boulder Weekly|url=http://www.boulderweekly.com/features/cannabis-corner/cory-gardner-politics-art-possible/}}