“Stella Zylbersztajn-Tzur”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Stella Zylbersztajn-Tzur (born 1925, Łódź) – is a Holocaust survivor, Polish^[1] woman of Jewish parentage who contributed to honoring of 23 Poles with title Righteous Among the Nations by Yad Vashem. She was a Carmelite nun before she left Poland and also for several years in Israel. She was working as a nurse in Israel, nowadays she is an activist.

Biography

She was born and grown up in Łódz, attending one of the most expensive all-girl schools the Eliza Orzeszkowa High School, where majority of pupils were Jews. Her father Szulim was a communist. In 1939, before World War II began, he had left to the USSR working as an activist and German teacher. He prepared an accommodation and intended to bring his family, but Stella's mother- Haya- was against leaving the country. In her diaries, Stella often emphasized with Polish patriotism of her mother, a common reason of conflict between her parents. Ultimately, their move to the USSR was thwarted by the German Invasion of Poland and train blockade by Wehrmacht.

In December 1939 Stella's mother decided to move to the USSR because of the increasing anti-Semitic repressions. Both of them managed to get to border village of Sarnaki upon the Bug river. They got through to Łosice looking for shelter, where Stella's uncle was an inn-keeper before the War. Stella was placed in Łosice Ghetto at the age of 15. She was able to escape it during its liquidation on August 22, 1942. Majority of Jews from Łosice Ghetto, including Stella's mother, were killed in Treblinka.

Stella survived the war hidden by more than twenty Polish families from Łosice and surrounding villages. She was baptized after World War II. She took her school leaving exam and in August 1948^[2] she became a Carmelite Sister. She spent 24 years in the nunnery.^[3]

In 1969 she moved to Israel after experiencing anti-Semitic prejudices even in religious community. She stayed in Haifa. She was expelled from the Carmelite nunnery for leaving. Then she became a nurse in a residential home. She helped a lot of Poles in finding a job, when large numbers of Polish emigrants shown in Haifa (what is confirmed by multiple statements).^[4]

Nowadays, Stella is helping drug addicts, the homeless and ill, despite her advanced age. She is also an activist in organization "Women in Black" uniting Israeli and Palestinian women. Stella Zylbersztajn-Tzur is still Catholic, what she emphasizes in many interviews in Poland.^[5]

Credits

Stella contributed to awarding of 23 Poles that helped her during the war with title Righteous among the Nations by Yad Vashem.

Legacy and commemoration

In 2015 biographical movie "Stella" about her live was directed by Maciej Pawlicki. Official ceremony and projection of movie was organized in the Presidential Palace in presence of Stella Zylbersztajn-Tzur and president of Poland Andrzej Duda in March 2016.^[7]^[8]

“Stella" movie was awarded with Janusz Krupski's Award (nagroda im. Janusza Krupskiego) on VII Festiwal Filmowy "Niepokorni Niezłomni Wyklęci" in Gdynia, 2015.^[9]

Autobiography

In 1994 Stella's diary "A gdyby to było Wasze dziecko? …:wspomnienia antysemitki w getcie, komunistki w klasztorze, uniwersalistki wśród Ludu Wybranego, Umiłowanego" was released by publishing house "Oficyna Bibiofilów".^[10]^[11]

References

1. ^{{Cite news|url=http://pytanienasniadanie.tvp.pl/24483846/czuje-sie-polka-niezwykla-historia-stelli-zylbersztajntzur|title="CZUJĘ SIĘ POLKĄ" – NIEZWYKŁA HISTORIA STELLI ZYLBERSZTAJN-TZUR|access-date=March 5, 2018|language=pl}}
2. ^{{Cite news|url=https://losice.info/stella-w-losicach/|title=Stella w Łosicach – Łosice – portal społeczności powiatu łosickiego|date=October 6, 2015|work=Łosice – portal społeczności powiatu łosickiego|access-date=March 5, 2018|language=pl-PL}}
3. ^{{Cite news|url=http://swidnica.gosc.pl/doc/3527674.Stella-znaczy-gwiazda|title=Stella – znaczy gwiazda|date=November 3, 2016|work=swidnica.gosc.pl|access-date=March 5, 2018}}
4. ^{{Cite news|url=https://kobieta.wp.pl/zeby-czynic-dobro-nie-trzeba-wiele-stella-zylbersztajn-kobieta-niezwykla-5982329469953153a|title="Żeby czynić dobro, nie trzeba wiele". Stella Zylbersztajn, kobieta niezwykła|last=Polska|first=Grupa Wirtualna|date=March 9, 2016|work=kobieta.wp.pl|access-date=March 5, 2018|language=pl-PL}}
5. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.fronda.pl/a/oto-jak-zydowka-znalazla-boga-i-stala-sie-katoliczka,57649.html|title=Oto jak Żydówka znalazła Boga i stała się katoliczką!|access-date=March 5, 2018|language=pl}}
6. ^{{Cite web|url=https://sprawiedliwi.org.pl/pl/o-sprawiedliwych/instytut-yad-vashem/lista-yad-vashem/K?page=1|title=Lista Yad Vashem {{!}} Polscy Sprawiedliwi|website=sprawiedliwi.org.pl|language=pl|access-date=March 5, 2018}}
7. ^{{Cite news|url=http://film.dziennik.pl/news/artykuly/515098,stella-zylbersztajn-tzur-pokaz-film-prezydent-duda-maciej-pawlicki-rezyser.html|title="Stella". Specjalny pokaz w Pałacu Prezydenckim filmu o Polakach ratujących Żydówkę|work=film.dziennik.pl|access-date=March 5, 2018}}
8. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.tvp.info/24347859/prezydent-do-stelli-zylbersztajntzur-dziekuje-za-swiadectwo-dobra|title=Prezydent do Stelli Zylbersztajn-Tzur: dziękuję za świadectwo dobra|access-date=March 5, 2018|language=pl}}
9. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.nck.pl/instytucja/aktualnosci/-stella-wsrod-laureatow-nagrody-im-janusza-krupskiego-na-festiwalu-niepokorni-|title="Stella" wśród laureatów Nagrody im. Janusza Krupskiego na Festiwalu "Niepokorni, Niezłomni, Wyklęci" w Gdyni {{!}} Narodowe Centrum Kultury|work={{!}} Narodowe Centrum Kultury|access-date=March 5, 2018|language=pl-PL}}
10. ^{{Cite book|url=http://bbc.mbp.org.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=1981&from=publication|title=A gdyby to było Wasze dziecko ? ... : wspomnienia antysemitki w getcie, komunistki w klasztorze i uniwersalistki wśród Ludu Wybranego, Umiłowanego|last=Zylbertsztajn|first=Stella (1925–)|date=1994|publisher="Oficyna Bibliofilów"}}
11. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.tygodniksiedlecki.com/t31593-poznajcie.blizej.stelle.htm|title=Poznajcie bliżej Stellę|work=Tygodnik Siedlecki|access-date=March 5, 2018|language=pl}}