| 词条 | Striped dung fly |
| 释义 |
| image = | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | classis = Insecta | ordo = Diptera | familia = Sarcophagidae | genus = Oxysarcodexia | species = O. varia | binomial = Oxysarcodexia varia | binomial_authority = }} Oxysarcodexia varia, commonly know by the name striped dung fly, is from the Sarcophagidae family, found in parts of South America, Polynesia, Norfolk Island, and New Zealand. DescriptionThe thorax of the fly is stripped from the head to tail with black and yellow stripes, the fly’s legs are bristly and almost look fluffy. They look very much like the European flesh fly and share similar traits. DistributionNatural global rangeThe Striped dung fly is said to have come from south America and is now present in many other places around the world. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, Fiji, French Polynesia, Norfolk Island and New Zealand.[1][2] New Zealand rangeFrom looking at nature watch and where observations of the striped dung fly has been seen around New Zealand it shows the fly can be found in the north and South Island of New Zealand but they seem to be more abundant in the North Island. These sightings include Sutton Lake, Hurford, Otago, Kaikoura, Kerikeri, Tasman, Taranaki, Manawatu, Rotarua Island, Ruahine Ranges, Omaha Beach and Purakaunui.[3][1] Habitat preferencesThe striped dung fly is found around the summer months and is commonly found in rubbish, long grasses and flowers. The main habitat that they are found is open pastures and farms this could be due to the cow dung and compost which is what they breed in. Not only do they breed in cow dung most animal dungs as well. So their main habitat is around dung. The striped dung fly prefers a habitat that does not have a large variation in temperature change throughout the day.[2][4] Life cycle/phenologyDue to a lack of information and not being able to find a clear life cycle for the striped dung fly, I have found a life cycle of a closely related species. This being the golden dung fly and the yellow dung fly which are more common in the northern hemisphere, but are from the same family as the striped dung fly. The females lay their eggs in the dung and within a few days the eggs hatch into larvae the eat the dung that they are. After about 21 days of feeding on the dung they burrow into the soil beneath the dung and become pupae. Then they become adult flies. There can be many generations of flies within a year. This life cycle above is common among the dung fly family.[5] Diet and foragingThe Sarcophagidae which is from the same family as the Oxysarcodexia (striped dung fly) deposits hatched or hatching maggots instead of laying eggs. They deposit these maggots on either carrion, dung, decaying material, or open mammal wounds.[1] Predators, parasites, and diseasesThe striped dung fly in New Zealand is said to be involved in the rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus and how it is transmitted. An investigation was carried out from 1999 to 2001. There were five species of flies that were trapped and it was shown that the Sarcophagid fly was the most abundant fly on scrub edges but in open pastures it was the striped dung fly and the relationship was found that the abundance of the striped dung fly was associated with the break out of the disease in that area.[4] A known predator of the striped dung fly is the house sparrow and the greenfinch as shown in the study from the New Zealand Journal of Zoology.[6] “Oxysarcodexia varia was demonstrated to be capable of vectoring tapeworms Taenia ovis and T. hydatigena, which infest dogs and sheep”.[7] References1. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/bbdca22097183dab4a44d1b01d49f8ca|title=Oxysarcodexia varia|last=Life|first=Catalogue of|date=15 April 2017|website=Catalogue of Life|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 2. ^1 {{Cite book|title=Which New Zealand insect|last=Crowe|first=A.|publisher=penguin books|year=2002|isbn=|location=|pages=}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://naturewatch.org.nz/observations?place_id=6803&subview=table&taxon_id=409309|title=Observations|last=|first=|date=15 April 2017|website=Nature watch|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 4. ^1 {{Cite journal|last=henning, Schnitzler, Prelffer, Davis|first=J,F,D,P|date=2017-04-15|title=Influence of weather conditions on fly abundance and its implications for transmission of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus in the North Island of New Zealand|url=|journal=Medical and veterinary Entomology|volume=19|pages=251–262|via=}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.enature.com/fieldguides/detail.asp?recnum=IS0307|title=dung fly|last=|first=enature|date=n.d.|website=nature|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 6. ^{{Cite journal|last=Journal of Zoology|first=|date=2017-04-15|title=Journal of Zoology|url=|journal=Journal of Zoology|volume=|pages=|via=}}{{full citation needed|date=January 2018}} 7. ^{{Cite web|title=What is the role of dung beetles versus flies in vectoring disease|url=http://dungbeetle.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/DBvsFliesDiseaseVectors.pdf}} 1 : Sarcophagidae |
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