| 词条 | Superintendency system |
| 释义 |
The Syperintency system was the United States Government's means of administration for relations with Native American tribes across wide swaths of the American west during part of the 19th century. It included the Northern Superintendency, Southern Superintendency, Central Superintendency,[1] Washington Superintendency[2] and others. The Superintendency system established schools, oversaw the distribution of supplies, and dealt with disputes and negotiations involving tribes.[1] HistoryThr Superintendency system was instituted by the British Empire in the mid 1700s during its rivalry with France.[3] Edmond Atkin was the first Southern Superintendent of Indian Affairs. The United States instituted its Superintendency system with the Ordinance for the Regulation of Indian Affairs passed by the Continental Congress on August 7, 1786.[4] It created a northern and southern superintendency divided by the Ohio River. The last superintendency was abolished by 1878.[4] References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/?id=yZ4WAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA2&lpg=PA2&dq=Central+Superintendency#v=onepage&q=Central+Superintendency&f=false|title=Records of the Central Superintendency of Indian affairs: 1813-1878|first=United States Bureau of Indian Affairs Central|last=Superintendency|date=3 December 1972|publisher=National Archives, National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration|via=Google Books}} 2. ^{{cite journal|title=The Records of the Washington Superintendency of Indian Affairs, 1853-1874|first=James R.|last=Masterson|date=3 December 2018|publisher=|journal=The Pacific Northwest Quarterly|volume=37|issue=1|pages=31–57|jstor = 40486736}} 3. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=Aymz42PhN8IC&pg=PA110&lpg=PA110&dq=superintendency+system+tribe#v=onepage&q=superintendency+system+tribe&f=false|title=Deerskins and Duffels: Creek Indian Trade with Anglo-America, 1685-1815|first=Kathryn E.|last=Braund|date=28 March 1996|publisher=U of Nebraska Press|via=Google Books|isbn=978-0803261266}} 4. ^1 {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=FeGEhXY-4aEC&pg=PA44&lpg=PA44&dq=superintendency+system+tribe#v=onepage&q=superintendency+system+tribe&f=false|title=Diplomats in Buckskins: A History of Indian Delegations in Washington City|first=Herman J.|last=Viola|date=3 December 1995|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|via=Google Books|isbn=9780806199351}} 1 : Native American history |
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