| 词条 | Susanna Vernon |
| 释义 |
| name = Susanna Vernon | image = | image_size = 0px | caption = | birth_name = Susanna Wieniawa-Długoszowska | birth_date = 11/08/1920 | birth_place = Krakow, Poland | death_date = 16th August {{death year and age|2011|91}} | death_place = Surbiton, Surrey, England | resting_place = Vernon family tomb, Lacock, England | occupation = Conference interpreter | other names = Susan Wieniawa | parents = Bolesław Wieniawa-Długoszowski Bronisława Wieniawa-Długoszowska | spouse = John Vernon | children = three children }}Susanna Vernon (August 11, 1920; August 16, 2011 Surbiton) was a pioneer conference interpreter, one of the first to practice simultaneous interpretation. Until the Nuremberg trials of 1945-46, only consecutive interpretation, when the interpreter speaks after the speaker has spoken, was widely used. From that date, new equipment from IBM, a microphone for the interpreter and headphones for the listener where he can choose a specific language, enabled simultaneous interpretation, that is interpretation where the interpreter interprets while the speaker is still speaking..[1] Her was father General Bolesław Wieniawa-Długoszowski (22 July 1881; 1 July 1942), a Polish general, adjutant to Chief of State Józef Piłsudski, politician, diplomat, poet, artist, and formally, for one day, President of the Republic of Poland[2]. Her mother was Bronisława Wieniawa-Długoszowska (née Kliatchkin; 1886–1953)[3]. She was an only child. She studied acting at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in London in 1939-1940. While there, her acting was praised by the playwright George Bernard Shaw[4]. In early 1940 her father, then Polish Ambassador to the Italian government in Rome, summoned her back to Rome. When Italy joined the war on the Axis side in June 1940, she went with her parents into exile in the USA. After trying a number of jobs during the war, including working as an editorial assistant to Alexander Liberman at Vogue (magazine), she joined the United Nations in late 1946 as one of the first simultaneous interpreters. Simultaneous interpretation was established at the UN by Colonel Léon Dostert, who had pioneered the technique at the Nuremberg trials. Susanna was put in touch with the UN by Alex’s wife Tatiana. She was interviewed, not by a board, but just by one person. She worked initially from Spanish and French into English[5], but her letters show she was soon interpreting in both directions between English and French. During the second part of the first General Assembly of the United Nations, she was spending ten and a half hours at the microphone six days a week, in marked contrast to today’s norms. A photograph of her interpreting was published on the UN website in 1947. It was by the pioneer photographer Kari Berggrav. An analysis of the photograph has been published as an academic study[6]. In 1948 she was transferred to the UN in Geneva, where her languages included Russian. The chief interpreter here was Robert Confino. Working for United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) she did some consecutive as well as simultaneous interpreting. In 1949 she married John Vernon, an Englishman who had a career as an international civil servant. Her first child, Catherine, was born in 1950. On 30th April 1952, she left the UN and worked freelance, but returned to full time work at the OECD (1958-1969), then NATO in Brussels and finally, until she retired in 1982, at the EU in Brussels[7] She was a founder member of the International Association of Conference Interpreters (AIIC) and a friend from childhood of another pioneer simultaneous interpreter and later secretary of AIIC, Marie-France Skuncke. She retired with her husband John to London and died there in 2011. In 2018 her life was one of a dozen featured in an exhibition at the University of Salamanca “Pioneer female interpreters (1900-1953), Bridging the Gap”. References1. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/?id=iB5TPUXyXioC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Interpreters+at+the+United+Nations:+a+history%22#v=onepage&q=Wieniawa&f=false |last1=Baigorri-Jalón |first1=Jesús |title=Interpreters at the United Nations: a history |date=2004 |publisher=Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca |location=Salamanca|isbn=9788478006434 }} 2. ^{{cite book |editor1-last=Grabska |editor1-first=Elżbieta |title=Szuflada Generała Wieniawa |date=1998 |publisher=Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy |location=Warsaw}} 3. ^{{cite book |last1=Vernon |first1=Gervase |title=Belonging and Betrayal, The life of Bronisława Wieniawa Długoszowska |date=2013 |publisher=CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform}} 4. ^{{cite news |title=Praise is fine, but she would prefer a job |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1499&dat=19420817&id=IakWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=5SIEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5819,1040043&hl=en |accessdate=15 January 2019 |publisher=The Milwaukee Journal |date=17 August 1942}} 5. ^{{cite book |editor1-last=Takeda |editor1-first=Kayoko |title=New Insights in the History of Interpreting |date=2016 |isbn=9789027267511 |url=https://benjamins.com/catalog/btl.122}} 6. ^{{cite book |last1=Baigorri-Jalón |first1=Jesús |title=New Insights in the History of Interpreting |volume=122 |date=2016 |publisher=Benjamins Translation Library |isbn=9789027267511 |page=167 |doi=10.1075/btl.122 |series=Benjamins Translation Library }} 7. ^{{cite book |last1=Vernon |first1=Susanna |title="Love letters in a time of war, the letters of John and Susanna Vernon 1940-1958", Private Publication 2016 |date=2016 |publisher=Private Publication |location=London}} External links{{Commons category|Bronisława Wieniawa-Długoszowska}}
2 : 1920 births|2011 deaths |
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