| 词条 | Swinsto Cave |
| 释义 |
| name = Swinsto Cave | other_name = Swinsto Hole | photo = A caver descending Spout Pitch in Swinsto Hole.jpg | photo_caption = A caver descending Spout Pitch in Swinsto Cave| photo_width = 240 | location = Kingsdale, North Yorkshire | depth = {{convert|131|m|ft|0}} [1] | length = {{convert|914|m|ft|0}}[1] | elevation ={{convert|384|m|ft|0}}[1] | map = United Kingdom Yorkshire Dales | map_width = 240 | coords = {{Coord|54|11.559|N|2|28.239|W|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline,title}} | grid_ref_UK =SD 6938 7753[1] | entrance_count = 2 (including Simpson Pot) | survey = On Cavemapper | discovery = before 1890 | geology = Carboniferous limestone | difficulty = Grade 4[1] | hazards = water, verticality | access = Free }}Swinsto Cave is a limestone cave in West Kingsdale, North Yorkshire, England. It leads into Kingsdale Master Cave and it is popular with cavers as it is possible to descend it by abseiling down the pitches, retrieving the rope each time, and exiting through Valley Entrance of Kingsdale Master Cave at the base of the hill. It is part of a {{convert|27|km|adj=on}} long cave system that drains both flanks of Kingsdale.[2] DescriptionThe entrance is in a shakehole, and enters a small active stream passage. This soon enlarges to walking size before reaching a {{convert|6|m|ft}} pitch with water entering from one side. Below a {{convert|234|m|ft|adj=on}} long passage (The Long Crawl) which has some flat-out wet sections, leads to a short second pitch. Below this a succession of three pitches rapidly descends to a spray-lashed chamber. A little beyond here the {{convert|143|m|ft|adj=on}} long Turbary Inlet enters from the right, finishing at a boulder choke below Turbary Pot. The main passage continues, dropping down a number of cascades and a further two small pitches, before entering a larger area where the water from Simpson Pot enters from on high on the left. The combined streams drop down a short climb into the boulder-strewn Swinsto Final Chamber, with Swinsto Great Aven soaring {{convert|45|m|ft}} above a steep boulder slope. Kingsdale Master Cave can be reached from two different passages. On the true left of the waterfall a descent through boulders leads into Philospher's Crawl, and on the other side of the chamber a climb down over boulders leads into East Entrance Passage.[1][3] Geology and hydrologySwinsto Cave is a karst cave formed within the Great Scar Limestone Group of the Visean Stage of the Carboniferous Period, laid down about 335 Ma. It takes the water of Swinsto Hole Syke, and is a tributary into the West Kingsdale Master Cave System, combining with water from Simpson Pot, Rowten Cave, Bull Pot, and Yordas Cave to eventually resurges at Keld Head - a kilometre or so to the south. It is considered to be a classic example of a down-dip vadose cave descending in steps to a phreas. The upper passages follow bedding planes dipping gently towards the north until an area of joints are intercepted, where the cave is able to descend rapidly down a series of shafts. At a level of about {{convert|-65|m}} the passage intercepts an older phreatic system, within which the stream has incised a vadose canyon.[4] Both Swinsto Great Aven and Swinsto Final Chamber are formed on minor faults.[5][6] HistoryThe first mention of the cave is by Balderstone in Ingleton Bygone and Present, published in 1890, where he accurately describes how it is possible to traverse the cave for 33 yards before encountering "a deep wide hole, with high vaulted roof, fine cone-like stalactites, and waterfall thirty feet high".[7]. In 1908 a party from the Yorkshire Ramblers Club descended the pitch and explored the way on for about {{convert|90|m|ft}} before turning back when the route ahead became low and wet.[8] The baton was not picked up for over 30 years, but in 1930 a party from the Gritstone Club finally reached the bottom after a long siege lasting a year and many trips, the key to their success being the lowering of water levels in The Long Crawl.[9] The Turbary Inlet was first explored by a party from the University of Leeds Speleological Association (ULSA) in 1962. The route to Kingsdale Master Cave was first entered in November 1965 when a party from ULSA dug out a choke at the base of the climb into what became known as Philospher's Crawl.[10] References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book |last1=Allshorn |first1=Sam |last2=Swire |first2=Paul |title=Northern Caves. The Three Counties System and the North-West |date=2017 |publisher=High Mead |location=Leeds |isbn=978-1-5272-1095-0 |pages=89–90}} 2. ^{{cite web|last1=Wilton-Jones|first1=Tarquin|title=Longest Caves|url=http://www.ukcaves.co.uk/region-northerndales-longest|accessdate=24 December 2018}} 3. ^{{cite journal |last1=Brook |first1=D. |title=Caves and Caving in Kingsdale |journal=Cave Science |date=December 1971 |volume=VI |issue=48 |pages=35–38}} 4. ^{{cite journal |last1=Waltham |first1=A.C. |last2=Brook |first2=D.B. |last3=Statham |first3=O.W. |last4=Yeadon |first4=T.G. |title=Swinsto Hole, Kingsdale: A Type Example of Cave Development in the Limestone of Northern England |journal=The Geographical Journal |date=November 1981 |volume=147 |issue=93 |pages=350–353}} 5. ^{{cite book |last1=Waltham |first1=Tony |last2=Lowe |first2=David |title=Caves and Karst of the Yorkshire Dales: Volume 1. |publisher=British Cave Research Association |location=Hucklow, Buxton |isbn=978-0-900265-46-4 |pages=16–21 |date=2013}} 6. ^{{cite book |last1=Waltham |first1=Tony |last2=Lowe |first2=David |title=Caves and Karst of the Yorkshire Dales: Volume 2. The Caves |publisher=British Cave Research Association |location=Hucklow, Buxton |isbn=978-0-900265-48-8 |pages=332–338 |date=2017}} 7. ^{{cite book |last1=Balderstone |first1=Robert |last2=Balderstone |first2=Margaret|title=Ingleton: Bygone and Present |year=1890 |publisher=Simpkin, Marshall and Co. |location=London |page=64 }} 8. ^{{cite journal |last1=Brodrick |first1=H |title=Swinsto Cave And Some Others |journal=Yorkshire Ramblers' Club Journal |date=1911 |volume=3 |issue=11 |pages=291–295 |url=http://www.yrc.org.uk/yrcweb/index.php/journal/vols1-5/53-vol3-cat/no11/191-v3n11p291 |accessdate=31 December 2018}} 9. ^{{cite journal |last1=F.L.P. |title=Swinsto Hole |journal=Gritstone Club |date=1930 |volume=1 |issue=1}} 10. ^{{cite journal |last1=Brook |first1=Dave |last2=Crabtree |first2=Howard |title=The Kingsdale Master Cave |journal=ULSA Explorations Journal |date=October 1969 |pages=11–12}} External links
2 : Caves of North Yorkshire|Limestone caves |
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