| 词条 | Sylvia Leith-Ross |
| 释义 |
| name = Sylvia Leith-Ross | image = Sylvia_Hope_Leith-Ross_died_1980.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = A picture taken when she was married | native_name = | native_name_lang = | pseudonym = | birth_name = Sylvia Hope Ruxton | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1884|09|30}} | birth_place = London | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1980|02|12|1884|09|30}} | death_place = Holland Park, London | resting_place = | occupation = Anthropologist | nationality = | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = | period = | genre = | subject = | movement = | notableworks = | spouse = {{marriage|Arthur Leith-Ross|1907|1908|reason=his death}} | children = | relatives = | awards = | signature = | signature_alt = | years_active = }} Sylvia Hope Leith-Ross (30 September 1884 – 12 February 1980) was an English anthropologist and writer who worked primarily in Nigeria. Early lifeSylvia Hope Ruxton was born in London, the daughter of William Fitzherbert Ruxton and Sylvia Howland Grinnell Ruxton. Her father was an admiral in the Royal Navy; her mother was American-born, the daughter of Henry Grinnell and the sister of Henry Walton Grinnell. Sylvia and her mother moved to Paris in 1896, where she attended school. Sylvia's memoir, Cocks in the Dawn (1944), recalls this time as the beginning of her lifelong attachment to France.[1] CareerIn 1907, as a new bride, she moved to Zungeru in Nigeria, where her husband was the chief transport officer for the British protectorate. She returned to Nigeria in 1910 as a widow, to stay with her brother and his wife Geneviève. The two women published a cookbook, West African Cookery (1908),[2] which was popular with young European men new to Nigeria and unfamiliar with either cookery or West African produce.[1] In 1921, she published Fulani Grammar, a basic guide to the Fulani language with some translated folktales.[3][4] In the 1920s her brother was based in Lagos; Sylvia Leith-Ross was appointed as "Lady Superintendent of Education" in 1925.[5] She helped to establish Queen's College, Lagos, a girls' boarding school, and founded a girls' school in Kano.[6] In 1931 she was sent back to England to recover her health. When she returned again, she used a Leverhulme Research Fellowship to conduct anthropological studies among the women of eastern Nigeria, following the Women's War; this work resulted in the book African Women: A Study of the Ibo of Nigeria (1939).[7][8] During World War I, Sylvia Leith-Ross, using her fluency in French, volunteered in military hospitals under the supervision of the French Red Cross. That work led to a job at a clinic in London from 1920 to 1925. She also worked at military hospitals during the Spanish Civil War and early in World War II. She was in Nigeria for the rest of the second World War, in part to provide intelligence on the French colonies to the Political and Economic Research Organization.[1] Two more books, African Conversation Piece (1944, a travel diary) and Beyond the Niger (1951) were written during this time.[9][10][11] Late in life, she spent a decade (1956 to 1966) collecting pottery and interviewing pottery makers in Nigeria. Her last book published in her lifetime, Nigerian Pottery (1970), records her findings in photographs and text, as a catalogue to an exhibit she organised at the Jos Museum.[12] Personal lifeSylvia Ruxton married Arthur Leith-Ross, a Canadian officer who served in Northern Nigeria with Upton Fitzherbert Ruxton, Sylvia's brother. Sylvia was widowed at 24, when Arthur died from blackwater fever. She died in London in 1980, aged 95 years. One more book, her autobiography titled Stepping Stones: Memoirs of Colonial Nigeria, 1907–1960, was published after her death, in 1983.[13] References1. ^1 2 Helen Callaway, "Sylvia Hope Leith-Ross" in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press 2004). {{authority control}}2. ^Sylvia Leith-Ross and Geneviève Buxton, West African Cookery (informally published at Zunguru, 1908). 3. ^Sylvia Leith-Ross, [https://books.google.com/books/about/Fulani_grammar.html?id=3EvHHB42OjMC Fulani Grammar] (Secretariat Stationary Store 1921). 4. ^W. A. C., [https://books.google.com/books/about/Fulani_grammar.html?id=3EvHHB42OjMC review of Fulani Grammar], in Journal of the African Society 21(1922): 249–252. 5. ^Helen Callaway, [https://books.google.com/books?id=yjSwCwAAQBAJ&lpg=PA112&ots=-JVl4NYax1&dq=Sylvia%20Leith-Ross%20Queen's%20College%20Lagos&pg=PA112#v=onepage&q=Sylvia%20Leith-Ross%20Queen's%20College%20Lagos&f=false Gender, Culture and Empire: European Women in Colonial Nigeria] (Springer 1986): 112. {{ISBN|9781349183074}} 6. ^Barbara Bush, [https://books.google.com/books?id=OtSEAgAAQBAJ&lpg=PA100&ots=ASHG-t3ZTf&dq=Sylvia%20Leith%20Ross&pg=PA92#v=onepage&q=Sylvia%20Leith%20Ross&f=false Imperialism, Race and Resistance: Africa and Britain, 1919–1945] (Routledge 2002): 92. {{ISBN|9781134722440}} 7. ^W. E. H., [https://www.jstor.org/stable/718021 review of Sylvia Leith-Ross, African Women] in Journal of the Royal African Society 38(151)(April 1939): 300–302. 8. ^Sylvia Leith-Ross, [https://books.google.com/books/about/African_women.html?id=GhA_AQAAIAAJ African Women: A Study of the Ibo of Nigeria] (AMS Press 1939). 9. ^Lucy Watson, "'True Fictions': Subjectivity and Intertextuality in the Writings of Sylvia Leith-Ross" Journal of Commonwealth Literature 48(3)(September 2013): 331–347. {{doi|10.1177/0021989413487359}} 10. ^Sylvia Leith-Ross, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VJQMAQAAIAAJ African Converation Piece] (Hutchinson & Company, Limited, 1944). 11. ^Sylvia Leith-Ross, [https://books.google.com/books?id=a5QMAQAAIAAJ Beyond the Niger] (Lutterworth Press 1951). 12. ^Sylvia Leith-Ross, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ITgOAQAAIAAJ Nigerian Pottery: A Catalogue] (Ibadan University Press for the Dept. of Antiquities, 1970). 13. ^Kristin Mann, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/218714 review of Sylvia Leith-Ross, Stepping Stones: Memoirs of Colonial Nigeria, 1907–1960], in International Journal of African Historical Studies 19(1)(1986): 136–138. {{doi|10.2307/218714}} 17 : 1884 births|1980 deaths|British women in World War I|English women writers|Women anthropologists|People from London|Founders of Nigerian schools and colleges|People of colonial Nigeria|Cookbook writers|British expatriates in Nigeria|British travel writers|British anthropologists|British expatriates in France|British memoirists|People of the Spanish Civil War|British people of World War II|20th-century anthropologists |
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