| 词条 | Amardi |
| 释义 |
The Amardians, widely referred to as the Amardi (and sometimes Mardi), were an ancient Iranian[1] tribe living along the mountainous region bordering the Caspian Sea to the north,[2][3][4] to whom the Iron Age culture at Marlik is attributed.[5] They are said to be related to, or the same tribe as, the Dahae and Sacae. That is to say, they were Scythian.[6] EtymologyThe term Mardi comes from the Old Iranian word for "man"[7] ({{lang-peo|𐎶𐎼𐎫𐎡𐎹}} {{transl|peo|martiya}}; from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥tós, "mortal"). Many scholars{{who|date=January 2018}} believe that the name of the city of Amol is rooted in the word Amard, which occurs as Amui in Middle Persian. According to historical literature, Amol was the capital of Tapuria (modern-day Mazanderan), at least in the period starting from the Sasanian Empire to the Ilkhanate of the Mongol Empire.{{cn|date=January 2018}} Historical accountsStrabo mentions the name Mardi several times. He places their location to the south of the Caspian Sea in what is now Gilan and Mazanderan, in northern Iran.[5][7] On his map, he mentions {{transl|el|Amardos}} (and the Amardos river), the name attributed to the region of Sefidrud at the time.[5][8][9]Herodotus mentions a tribe with a similar name as one of the ten to fifteen Persian tribes in Persis.[1][10] They lived in the valleys in between the Susis and Persis,[11] in what in now southwestern Iran. The southern Mardi are described by Nearchus as one of the four predatory mountain peoples of the southwest, along with the Susians, Uxii, and Elymaeans.[12] Of these four nomadic groups, they were the only tribe linguistically Iranian.[13]Gallery{{-}}See also
References1. ^1 {{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/iran-v2-peoples-pre-islamic |title=IRAN |trans-title=v. PEOPLES OF IRAN (2) Pre-Islamic |access-date=July 20, 2017 |volume=XIII |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica}} {{-}}2. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tU3ZS9H1J-gC |title=Compact Bible atlas with gazetteer |publisher=Baker Book House |year=1979 |page=7}} 3. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bntEAQAAMAAJ |first=William |last=Smith |title=Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography |volume=1 |publisher=Little, Brown & Company |year=1854}} 4. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8JZIAAAAMAAJ |title=Indo-iranica |publisher=Iran Society |page=21 |volume=2}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_m3ZzQ0ePIkC |title=Marlik: The Complete Excavation Report |year=1995 |publisher=UPenn Museum of Archaeology |page=321 |author=Negahban, Ezat O.}} 6. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8GI-AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Memoir on the Scythic Version of the Behistun Inscription|last=Norris|first=Edwin|date=1853|publisher=Harrison and Sons|language=en}} 7. ^{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/caspians-gk |title=CASPIANS |access-date=July 20, 2017 |volume=V |page=62}} 8. ^{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/gilan-iv |title=GĪLĀN |trans-title=iv. History in the Early Islamic Period |volume=X |pages=634-635 |access-date=July 20, 2017 |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica}} 9. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zw3vAAAAMAAJ |title=A history of all nations from the earliest times |year=1905 |author=Wright, John Henry |publisher=Lea Brothers}} 10. ^{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vBQZAQAAIAAJ |title= |publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul |year=2004 |volume=13 |page=336 |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica}} 11. ^1 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mhpCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA276&lpg=PA276&dq=mardi+people+persia&source=bl&ots=avozaXohxK&sig=szBcQc6B6YPC6MKoZTDaVMw87gg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi0xcO9zMXVAhVE3GMKHdwgCYYQ6AEIRTAH#v=onepage&q=mardi&f=false|title=Early Oriental History, Comprising the Histories of Egypt, Assyria, Persia, Lydia, Phrygia, and Phoenicia|last=Eadie|first=John|date=1852|publisher=Griffin|language=en}} 12. ^{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/caspians-gk |title=CASPIANS |access-date=July 20, 2017 |volume=V |page=62}} 13. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/iran-v2-peoples-pre-islamic|title=IRAN v. PEOPLES OF IRAN (2) Pre-Islamic – Encyclopaedia Iranica|last=electricpulp.com|website=www.iranicaonline.org|language=en|access-date=2017-08-07}} 5 : Iranian nomads|Historical Iranian peoples|Nomadic groups in Eurasia|History of Mazandaran Province|Iron Age Asia |
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