请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Tagalog profanity
释义

  1. Putang ina mo

  2. Walang hiya

  3. Tae

  4. Punyeta

  5. Gago

  6. Pakshet

  7. Buwisit

  8. Hayop

  9. Letse

  10. Hinayupak/lintik

  11. Sexual terms

      Genitalia    Intercourse  

  12. Online Gamers' Profane words

  13. See also

  14. References

Tagalog profanity can refer to a wide range of offensive, blasphemous, and taboo words or expressions in the Tagalog language of the Philippines. Due to Filipino culture, expressions which may sound benign when translated back to English can cause great offense; while some expressions English speakers might take great offense to can sound benign to a Tagalog speaker. Filipino, the national language of the Philippines, is the standard register of Tagalog, so as such the terms Filipino profanity and Filipino swear words are sometimes also employed.[2]

In Tagalog, profanity has many names: in a religious or formal context, it is called lapastangang pananalita ("blasphemous/irreverent speech") or pag-alipusta/panlalait ("insult"). The word paghamak is also sometimes used formally and has a sense similar to "affront". Colloquially, the words mura ("swear word") and sumumpâ ("to wish evil [on someone]") are used.[2]

Owing to successive Spanish and American colonial administrations, much Tagalog profanity has its etymological roots in the profanity of European languages.

Unlike in Western culture, where certain words are never acceptable in all but the most informal contexts, Tagalog profanity is context-sensitive: words which are considered profane or insulting in one context are often acceptable in another.[3][4]

Putang ina mo

Owing partly to its use in speeches by Philippine president Rodrigo Duterte, the phrase Putang ina mo (sometimes shortened to tang ina or minced as PI)[5] has received considerable international attention and controversy as to its meaning. Puta is a borrowed word from Spanish, in which language it means "whore". Ina is Tagalog for mother, while mo is the indirect second person singular pronoun. Therefore, if translated word-for-word, the phrase means "your mother is a whore".[6]

However, most Tagalog speakers dispute this simplistic translation, instead alternately rendering the phrase as "son of a bitch"[7] or as a variation of the word "fuck".[8]

According to linguist Ben Zimmer, given the context and how the meaning of puta has shifted in Tagalog, the best translation of Duterte's original "Putang-ina, mumurahin kita diyan sa forum na iyan. Huwag mo akong ganunin." would be "Fuck, I will cuss you out at that forum. Don't do that to me."[6]

Besides being directed at people, putang ina can be just as well directed at inanimate objects: University of the Philippines Los Baños alumnus Cheeno Marlo M. Sayuno has documented the use of "tang ina error!" as an expression of exasperation due to PC errors, and "Uy net! Putang ina mo!" as something akin to "Hey, [slow] internet [connection], fuck you!"[5] As in the English fucking, the phrase can also be used as an adjective, as in the case of "putanginang aso" ("fucking dog") or "Diyos ko, putanginang buhay ko!" ("God, fuck my shitty life!")[9]

This non-literal meaning of the phrase putang ina mo has twice been affirmed by the Supreme Court of the Philippines: first in 1969 in its decision to Rosauro Reyes v. The People of the Philippines (G.R. № L-21528 and № L-21529),[10] and then in 2006 in its decision to Noel Villanueva v. People of the Philippines and Yolanda Castro (G.R. № 160351).[11] In Reyes, a certiorari appeal to a criminal defamation and grave threats case, the court acquitted the defendant, ruling that his use of a protest sign reading "Agustin, putang ina mo" did not constitute defamation as[10]

{{Quote|text=[Putang ina mo] is a common enough expression in the dialect that is often employed, not really to slander but rather to express anger or displeasure. It is seldom, if ever, taken in its literal sense by the hearer, that is, as a reflection on the virtues of a mother.|sign=|source=}}

In Villanueva, another slander case involving two local politicians of Concepcion, Tarlac, the court reiterated its interpretation of the phrase, but the other facts of the case precluded acquittal.[11]

Walang hiya

Hiya is a Filipino psychological concept similar to face and modesty in other cultures. Author Mary Isabelle Bresnahan has described it thus: "just as the sensitive makahiya plant protects its inside from direct touch, so too do people hold back in defense of loob [their inner selves]."[12] When translated to English, the words "shame", "embarrassment" and "dishonor" can be employed as a substitute for hiya depending on context.[2]

Like much Tagalog profanity, the phrase "Walang hiya ka!" (You are shameless!) can vary in offense taken from very little to "the ultimate loob-wounding comment" depending on context and the relationship between the speaker and the receiver.[12] According to Gerhard van den Top, allegations of shamelessness are most damaging when the social class of people differ, and the poor may consciously avoid interaction with the rich to prevent even unspoken damage to hiya.[13]

In his oft-cited 1964 article "Hiya", psychologist Jaime C. Bulatao defines Walang hiya as "recklessness regarding the social expectations of society, an inconsideration for the feelings of others, and an absence of sensitivity to the censures of authority or society."[14]

Tae

Unlike in many other languages, Tagalog has no word for excrement that would be considered considerably vulgar, such as English shit or Spanish mierda. The two Tagalog words for feces, tae and dumi, are closer to the sense of the English poop.[2] In fact, these words are often used even in medical contexts: a pagtae is a bowel movement, while magtae references diarrhea.[15] Tae, is, however, considered by some to be slightly more crass than the more euphemistic dumi.[16] Nevertheless, these words can still be used to cause offense if the speaker adds to them, of course, as in the expression Kain tae (eat shit).

Punyeta

Descended from the Spanish puñeta, the Tagalog version of this word is seldom used in the Spanish sense of "wanker", but rather as an interjection expressing frustration, disappointment,[17] or misery.[18] When punyeta is used as an insult directed at a person as in "Mga punyeta kayo!" (You are all punyeta(s)!),[19] it has a sense similar to the English word asshole.[18]

This word was used heavily by John Arcilla's character in the 2015 Philippine epic film Heneral Luna in lines such as "Ingles-inglesin mo ko sa bayan ko?! Punyeta!" (Speaking English to me in my own country? What nerve!).[20] Ambeth R. Ocampo, writing in the Philippine Daily Inquirer, criticized the Movie and Television Review and Classification Board (MTRCB) for giving the film a R-13 rating despite the use of this word and others just because the swear words were Spanish-derived.[21] Other observers have described punyeta as being as obscene as putang ina mo.[9][18]

Gago

Gago is a descendant of the Portuguese word gago and gaguejar, meaning "stupid", "foolish" or "ignorant". It is interchangeable with the related words tanga, (b)ugok, (b)ulol and bobo. In Portuguese, gago means "stutterer", but in Tagalog it has completely lost this meaning.[2]Slang terms derived from gago are kagaguhan ("a foolish action"), ogag (same meaning as gago),[22] and nakagago ("to be made to feel stupid").[18] Ulol, loko, and sira ulo can be used similarly, but they are not interchangeable; they also imply madness or mental retardation on top of stupidity.[2]

According to Article 27 ("On-Air Language") of the Association of Broadcasters of the Philippines's 2007 Broadcast Code of the Philippines, "Name-calling and personal insults are prohibited."[23] While this code is strictly voluntary and only affects members of the organization, as the organization counts among its members widely syndicated channels such as ABS-CBN and TV5, penalties for breaking this rule affect a large number of broadcasters and media personalities: fines start at {{₱|link=yes}}15,000, and quickly escalate to {{₱|link=}}25,000 and a 90-day suspension.[23]

To avoid breaching this rule, some stations have trialed neural networks which listen to the speech of actors and guests/contestants real time during live performances, and automatically censor certain words.[24] In a paper explaining the system, particular attention was paid by the De La Salle University researchers to censoring potentially insulting words such as gago and ulol.[24]

Like many Spanish and Portuguese words borrowed into Tagalog, gago is gendered: the female form for a single woman or group of women is gaga, while gago is used for a single man, a group of men, or a group of men and women.[18][25]

According to the UP Diksiyonaryong Filipino, gago is used in the sense of mahina ang ulo (a slow learner).[26]

Pakshet

Pakshet is a portmanteau of the English words "fuck" and "shit", altered to fit the phonology of Filipino; the words pak and shet can also be used on their own to similar effect. While most commonly used as an interjection,[17][18] rather non-intuitively for English speakers, pakshet can also be used as an insult describing a person, as in Pakshet ka!,[27] which could be rendered as Fuck you! or [You] asshole! in English.

Summit Media's Spot.ph online magazine claims that the word pakshet was popularized by the 2002 film Jologs,[18] but given its etymology, it may date back to the first American contacts with the Philippines.

Buwisit

Buwisit (sometimes spelled bwisit), borrowed from Hokkien ({{lang-zh|t=無衣食|poj=bû-ui-sit|l=without clothes and food}}), is a Tagalog word meaning a misfortune, but also used in a mildly vulgar sense as a word for a nuisance.

Hayop

Hayop means 'animal' in English. If used as a sentence in Tagalog, "Hayop ka." means you're an animal. You're not human. Outcast. Or something that goes in the lines of that.

Letse

Letse can loosely be translated to the English "fuck off." It became popular when Spanish was still a language used by the major demographic on the country. Letse or Leche (spanish for "milk") is derived from the spanish profanity "[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/me_cago_en_la_leche/ Me cago en la leche]," which literally translates to "I defecate in the milk" where Leche is a euphemism for [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ley#Spanish/ ley] (“law”), referring to the Law of Moses. [28]

Hinayupak/lintik

Hinayupak is another Tagalog vulgar word, referring to a person acting like an animal, rooting back to the word hayop.[17]

Lintik is a Tagalog word meaning "lightning", also a mildly profane word used to someone contemptible, being wished to be hit by lightning, such as in "Lintik ka!''. [17] The term is mildly vulgar and an insult, but may be very vulgar in some cases, [18] especially when mixed with other profanity. Sometimes, lintik is also used as a verb through adding verbalizing affixes, such as in "Malilintikan ka sa akin!", that may roughly translate to English "Get damned!" or "Goddamn you!".

Sexual terms

Like most other languages, Tagalog has a wide variety of profane words for the action of intercourse and the names of genitalia or parts thereof.

Genitalia

In Tagalog, the vagina is most often referred to with the words puki, kiki, or pekpek; tinggil is used for the clitoris, titi and burat are used for the penis and bayag for the scrotum.[1] All of these words are considered considerably rude in general conversation, and Tan notes that English words for genitalia, such as "penis" and "vagina", are almost always considered more polite, perhaps because they sound more medical.[1]

As in other languages, euphemisms for genitalia abound: the male genitalia may be alternately referred to as a saging (banana), an ahas (snake), talong (eggplant), "itlog" (egg), "sandata" (sword), "bird", "nota" (shape of musical note), "junior" among other names. Researcher Michael Tan notes that the euphemisms for the vagina are considered more vulgar than those for the penis, and as such are fewer; but noted among them are mani (peanut), bibingka and bulaklak (flower), "pechay", "hiyas", "kipay" and "tilapia". He posits patriarchal norms as the reason for this discrepancy.[1]

Suso is the term most often applied to the breasts, but it is not considered profane and has connotations of breastfeeding; boob, imported from English slang, is the most widely used term for breasts that might be considered impolite.[1] Tagalog has no analog of the vulgar English word ass: the word puwit, meaning buttocks, carries no particular sexual meaning on its own.[2][26]Tuli is a male circumcision rite of passage in the Philippines, and being uncircumcised is considered in many parts of the country to be taboo;[29] the vulgar word supot (literally, plastic or paper bag) refers to an uncircumcised male and denotes weakness, inferiority and even lack of hygiene.[1][2]

Intercourse

According to a study involving the use of "sexual keywords" among twenty female participants by researcher Michael L. Tan, sexual terms in Tagalog have widely different connotations: some words, such as kuntut or hindut, are undeniably profane in all contexts, while others, such as euphemistic use of the verbs gamit (to use), mag-ano (to do "you know what") or mangyari (to happen), "ginalaw" (to move) are more socially acceptable.[1] Some words for intercourse are English derived: mag-do (to "do it"), mag-sex (to have sex) and the plain verb fuck are reportedly common among upper class Filipinos.[1]. "Isinuko ang Bataan" is a connotation for a woman to give her virginity to a man by letting him penetrate her.

Tan posits that most sexual language in the Philippines is patriarchal: it focuses on the actions and expectations of the male, rather than female, participants.[1] As an example, gamit tends to be used as Ginamit ako ng mister ko ("My husband 'used' me"), but such turn of phrase would never be used by a straight man.[1] Tan uses other metaphors, such as the relationship between the euphemisms pagdidilig ("to water plants") and magpadilig ("to be watered"), and a woman waiting patiently for sex is described as uhaw (thirsty), to forward this theory: in his view, the Tagalog language subconsciously puts the woman in the passive role.[1]

Anal intercourse, even when between a man and a woman, has its origins in homosexual slang: terms such as an-an and uring are used to describe it. Other names for sexual acts and positions have their histories rooted in Spanish: cunnilingus is referred to as brotsa (from brocha), while fellatio is tsupa (from chupar). Male masturbation can be referred to as jakol, salsal, bato or bati; descriptions of female masturbation typically employ the verb mag-finger ("to finger oneself").[1]

Online Gamers' Profane words

Vovo is a substitute to the word bobo which means inutile, imbecile or moron. Mobile games creators block common profane words but gamers made use of substitute letters that would create words homonymous to the original curse to express their emotions usually anger towards their team mates or the other players in these online games platforms.

"n00b" or noob means a person who is inexperienced in a particular sphere or activity, especially gaming or the use of the Internet. Since the word noob is usually blocked by game makers, gamers used of zeroes to substitute letter "O".

"qaqo" or gago which is a filipino slang for silly or worse, asshole. This word is also blocked by mobile game creators. So, instead of letter "g", gamers used letter "q" as substitute since it still looked similar. Same with "tanqa" or "tanga" which means fool, ignorant or idiot.

"eut" or "eutkskin" means "fuck you" or "i will fuck you". The original filipino profane word was " iyot" (fuck). But since this is also a blocked word by most game makers, gamers used "eut" or "eutkskin" since these words are homonymous to original curse when spoken in Filipino.

See also

  • Swardspeak
  • Filipino psychology
  • Filipino culture

References

1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 {{Cite web|url=https://aboutphilippines.ph/files/Philippines_Keywords_in_Sexuality.pdf|title=Philippine Keywords in Sexuality|last=Tan|first=Michael L.|date=|year=2008|website=|publisher=University of the Philippines|access-date=2017-01-25}}
2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{Cite book|title=Tagalog-English Dictionary|last=English|first=Leo James|publisher=Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent. Inc. (National Book Store)|year=2015|isbn=9710844652|edition=27|location=Quezon City|pages=|quote=|via=}}
3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://wearyourvoicemag.com/body-politics/growing-up-chubby-and-filipino|title=When Bullying Follows You Home: Growing Up Chubby and Filipino|last=Penalosa|first=Nina|date=2016-03-23|website=Wear Your Voice: Intersectional Feminist Media|publisher=|language=en-US|access-date=2017-01-25}}
4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.liberalamerica.org/2016/09/05/we-hired-a-native-tagalog-speaker-heres-what-the-filipino-prez-really-said/|title=We Hired A Native Tagalog Speaker: Here's What The Filipino Prez REALLY Said|last=Gueco|first=Nizza|date=2016-09-05|website=Liberal America Magazine|publisher=|access-date=2017-01-25}}
5. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/31071574/Sayuno_TRASH_TALK.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAJ56TQJRTWSMTNPEA&Expires=1484650313&Signature=bL9NqSQEFlPwJWsffVcomje1q%2FI%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DDISCOURAGEMENT_DISTRACTION_AND_DEFEAT_A.pdf|title=Discouragement, distraction, and defeat: a variation analysis on trash talk by child online gamers|last=Sayuno|first=Cheeno Marlo M.|date=|year=2012|website=|publisher=University of the Philippines–Los Baños|access-date=2017-01-17}}{{dead link|date=March 2019}}
6. ^1 {{Cite news|url=http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=27961|title=What did Duterte call Obama?|last=Zimmer|first=Ben|date=2016-09-06|work=|newspaper=Language Log|language=en-US|access-date=2017-01-17|via=}}
7. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/erinhale/2016/11/24/video-of-philippine-president-rodrigo-duterte-cursing-out-british-journalist-goes-viral/#7a832bde782a|title=Video Of Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte Cursing Out British Journalist Goes Viral|last=Hale|first=Erin|date=24 November 2016|work=|newspaper=Forbes|access-date=2017-01-17|via=}}
8. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20160906/world/obama-cancels-meeting-with-philippines-president-after-son-of-a-bitch.624234|title=Obama cancels meeting with Philippines' president after "son of a bitch" insult|last=|first=|date=6 September 2016|work=|newspaper=Times of Malta|access-date=2017-01-17|via=}}
9. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://tagaloglang.com/bad-words-in-tagalog/|title=Bad words in Tagalog|last=|first=|date=|year=|website=Tagalog Lang|publisher=|orig-year=2002|access-date=2017-01-17}}
10. ^1 {{Cite court|litigants=Rosauro Reyes v. People of the Philippines|court=Supreme Court of the Philippines|opinion=G.R. Nos. L-21528 and L-21529|url=http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1969/mar1969/gr_l-21528-29_1969.html}}
11. ^1 {{Cite court|litigants=Noel Villanueva v. People of the Philippines and Yolanda Castro|court=Supreme Court of the Philippines|opinion=G.R. No. 160351|url=http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/april2006/G.R.%20No.%20160351.htm}}
12. ^1 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l1XxCbYcVpsC&pg=PA45&dq=%22walang+hiya+ka%22&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22walang%20hiya%20ka%22&f=false|title=Finding Our Feet: Understanding Crosscultural Discourse|last=Bresnahan|first=Mary Isabelle|date=1991-01-01|publisher=University Press of America|year=|isbn=9780819182081|location=|pages=44|language=en|quote=|via=}}
13. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KBAyvht2J_AC&pg=PA333&lpg=PA333&dq=bulatao+%22shyness,+timidity%22&source=bl&ots=Hn2UQdMXPt&sig=c8n9c_wHhxcMW928VAZz6Ex0iHU&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=bulatao%20%22shyness,%20timidity%22&f=false|title=The Social Dynamics of Deforestation in the Philippines: Actions, Options and Motivations|last=Top|first=Gerhard van den|date=2017-01-17|publisher=NIAS Press|year=|isbn=9788791114144|location=|pages=333|language=en|quote=|via=}}
14. ^{{Cite journal|last=Bulatao|first=Jaime C.|date=1964-09-30|year=|title=Hiya|url=http://www.philippinestudies.net/ojs/index.php/ps/article/view/2603|journal=Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints|volume=12|issue=3|page=430|pages=|issn=2244-1638|via=}}
15. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NpIUnT3Ev1gC&pg=PA279&dq=%22magtae%22&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22magtae%22&f=false|title=Tagalog Dictionary|last=Ramos|first=Teresita V.|date=|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|year=1971|isbn=9780870226762|location=|pages=279|language=en|quote=|via=}}
16. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.spot.ph/this-is-a-crazy-planets/28919/meditations-on-a-sign|title=Meditations on a Sign|last=De Veyra|first=Lourd Ernest|date=2009-08-12|work=|newspaper=Spot.ph|access-date=2017-01-17|via=}}
17. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite news|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/isabellelaureta/anak-bad-yan|title=16 Totally Useful Filipino Swear Words And How To Use Them|last=Laureta|first=Isabel|date=2015-08-18|work=|newspaper=BuzzFeed|access-date=2017-01-17|via=}}
18. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{Cite news|url=http://www.spot.ph/newsfeatures/54133/10-popular-pinoy-insults|title=10 Popular Pinoy Profanities|last=|first=|date=2013-08-16|work=|publisher=Summit Media|newspaper=Spot.ph|language=en|access-date=2017-01-18|via=}}
19. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y4ZkAAAAMAAJ&q=punyeta&dq=punyeta&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y|title=Rite of Passage: And, Her Father's House : Plays|last=Mas|first=Glenn Sevilla|date=2005-01-01|publisher=UST Publishing House|year=|isbn=9789715063135|location=|pages=18|language=en|quote=|via=}}
20. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.manilatoday.net/si-heneral-luna-si-tay-emok-at-ang-opisyal-na-pahayag/|title=Si Heneral Luna, Si Tay Emok at ang Opisyal na Pahayag|last=Villabroza|first=Francis|date=2015-09-27|work=|newspaper=Manila Today|language=tl|script-title=|trans-title=General Luna, Tay Emok and Official Declaration|access-date=2017-01-17|via=}}
21. ^{{Cite web|url=http://opinion.inquirer.net/88985/what-mascardo-said-that-got-lunas-goat|title=What Mascardo said that got Luna’s goat|last=Ocampo|first=Ambeth R.|date=2015-09-30|website=opinion.inquirer.net|publisher=|access-date=2017-01-17}}
22. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsgra.ph/2247/putragis-atbp-origin-meaning-10-filipino-curse-words/|title=Putragis! atbp: Origin and meaning of 10 Filipino curse words|last=Anorico|first=Philip|date=2013-12-22|work=|newspaper=NewsGraph Philippines|language=en-us|access-date=2017-01-18|via=}}
23. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.kbp.org.ph/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/Broadcast-Code-of-2007.pdf|title=2007 Broadcast Code of the Philippines|last=Gozum|first=Diana C.|last2=Aguirre|first2=Axel B.|date=|year=2007|website=|publisher=Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng Pilipinas (Association of Broadcasters of the Philippines)|access-date=2017-01-19|display-authors=1}}
24. ^1 {{Cite journal|last=Ablaza|first=Fernando I.|last2=Danganan|first2=Timothy Oliver D.|last3=Javier|first3=Bryan Paul L.|last4=Manalang|first4=Kevin S.|last5=Montalvo|first5=Denise Erica V.|last6=Ambata|first6=Leonard U.|date=2014-11-12|year=|title=A small vocabulary automatic filipino speech profanity suppression system using hybrid Hidden Markov Model/Artificial Neural Network (HMM/ANN) keyword spotting framework|url=https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/institute-of-electrical-and-electronics-engineers/a-small-vocabulary-automatic-filipino-speech-profanity-suppression-WqaGEQmWW4?|journal=7th IEEE International Conference on Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Communication and Control, Environment and Management (HNICEM)|language=en|volume=|pages=|via=DeepDyve}}
25. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E8tApLUNy94C&pg=PA97&lpg=PA97|title=Tagalog Reference Grammar|last=Schachter|first=Paul|last2=Otanes|first2=Fe T.|date=1982-12-27|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=9780520049437|location=University of California, Berkeley|page=96|pages=|language=en, tl|quote=|via=Google Books}}
26. ^1 {{Cite book|title=UP Diksiyonaryong Filipino: Binagong Edition|last=|first=|last3=|publisher=Anvil Publishing, Sentro ng Wikang Filipino, University of the Philippines|year=2010|isbn=9789716350340|editor-last=Almario|editor-first=Virgilio S.|edition=2|location=|pages=|quote=|via=}}
27. ^{{Cite news|url=http://astig.ph/cathy-garcia-molina-accused-cursing-humiliating-talents-forevermore/|title=Cathy Garcia-Molina accused of 'cursing', 'humiliating' talents in Forevermore|last=Bernales|first=French|date=2016-01-01|work=|newspaper=Astig Philippines|language=en-US|access-date=2017-01-25|via=}}
28. ^{{cite web |title=Why is "Milk!" a Filipino expletive? |url=http://askthepinoy.blogspot.com/2010/12/why-is-milk-filipino-expletive.html |website=Ask A Filipino! |accessdate=Dec 27, 2010}}
29. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/219779/news/nation/tuli-a-rite-of-passage-for-filipino-boys|title=Tuli a rite of passage for Filipino boys|last=Cupin|first=Bea|date=2011-05-06|work=|newspaper=GMA News Online|language=en-US|access-date=2017-01-25|via=}}
{{Profanity}}

2 : Profanity by language|Tagalog words and phrases
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/9/28 1:27:47