| 词条 | Tamoios Environmental Protection Area |
| 释义 |
| name = Tamoios Environmental Protection Area | alt_name = Área de Proteção Ambiental de Tamoios | iucn_category = VI | photo = Baía da Ilha Grande.jpg | photo_alt = | photo_caption = Baía da Ilha Grande | map = Brazil | map_alt = | relief = yes | location = | nearest_city = Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro | coordinates = {{coord|23.062858|S|44.285829|W|region:BR|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | area = {{convert|21400|ha}} | designation = Environmental protection area | created = 5 December 1982 | administrator = Fundação Estadual de Engenharia do Meio Ambiente | world_heritage_site = }} The Tamoios Environmental Protection Area ({{lang-pt|Área de Proteção Ambiental de Tamoios}}) is an environmental protection area of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It protects an area of coastal forests, mangroves, rocky shores and islands. LocationThe Tamoios Environmental Protection Area (APA) is in the municipality of Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, in the region known as the Costa Verde.{{sfn|APA de Tamoios – INEA}} The APA has a mainland portion covering the Marinah area, and an insular portion covering the Ilha Grande and all other islands in the municipality of Angra dos Reis in the basins of Ilha Grande, Ribeira and Jacuacanga.{{sfn|APA de Tamoios (APA) – ISA |loc=Historico Juridico}} The APA extends across Angra dos Reis from the mouth of the Mambucaba River in the west on the boundary with the municipality of Paraty to the boundary with the municipality of Mangaratiba in the east.{{sfn|APA de Tamoios (APA) – ISA |loc=Características}} It has an area of {{convert|21400|ha}}.{{sfn|APA de Tamoios (APA) – ISA |loc=Informações gerais}} The boundaries contain {{convert|90000|ha}}, but only the land and islands are covered by the decree creating the APA.{{sfn|APA de Tamoios (APA) – ISA |loc=Características}} The reserve protects extensive areas of mangroves, which are important as breeding areas for fish and shellfish. There are also rocky coasts and restinga areas of great scenic beauty that are home to a rich variety of flora and fauna. There are over 100 islands within the {{convert|900|km2}} of Ilha Grande Bay.{{sfn|APA de Tamoios (APA) – ISA |loc=Características}} Lack of regulation and control has allowed the marine ecosystem to degrade and lose biodiversity and landscape quality.{{sfn|APA-Tamoios - Ilha Grande - RJ}} 19 of the islands are part of the Tamoios Ecological Station. The APA contains the {{convert|36|km2}} Praia do Sul Biological Reserve and the {{convert|15|km}} Ilha Grande State Park.{{sfn|APA de Tamoios (APA) – ISA |loc=Características}} The APA also includes {{convert|7173|ha}} of land that is not fully protected.{{sfn|APA de Tamoios – INEA}} The Ilha Grande has been part of the Atlantic Forest Biosphere Reserve since 1992.{{sfn|APA-Tamoios - Ilha Grande - RJ}} It is part of the Bocaina Mosaic of conservation units.{{sfn|Mosaico de Unidades de Conservação da Bocaina – RBMA}} HistoryThe Tamoios Environmental Protection Area was created by decree 9.452 of the governor of Rio de Janeiro on 5 December 1982.{{sfn|APA de Tamoios – INEA}} The decree was signed in 1986.{{sfn|APA-Tamoios - Ilha Grande - RJ}} The purpose is to protect the natural environment of great scenic beauty, home to rare and endangered species, as well as caiçaras communities integrated into these ecosystems. The master plan was instituted on 1 July 1994.{{sfn|APA de Tamoios (APA) – ISA |loc=Historico Juridico}} Decree 41.921 of June 2009 authorized installation of new projects in the wildlife conservation area of the APA, where previously only renovation or expansion of existing buildings was allowed. Since 2011 there has been discussion about creation by the state of an Ilha Grande Marine Environmental Protection Area to control and manage the marine environment.{{sfn|APA-Tamoios - Ilha Grande - RJ}} The management plan was approved on 25 April 2013.{{sfn|APA de Tamoios – INEA}} Notes{{notes}}Sources{{refbegin}}
|title=APA de Tamoios|publisher=INEA: Instituto Estadual do Ambiente |url=http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/Portal/Agendas/BIODIVERSIDADEEAREASPROTEGIDAS/UnidadesdeConservacao/INEA_008608|accessdate=2016-09-26}}
|title=APA de Tamoios (APA)|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental |url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/uc/596825|accessdate=2016-09-25}}
|title=APA-Tamoios - Ilha Grande - RJ|publisher=IlhaGrande.org |url=http://www.ilhagrande.org/pagina/area-de-protecao-ambiental-tamoios|accessdate=2016-09-26}}
|title=Mosaico de Unidades de Conservação da Bocaina - SP e RJ|publisher=RBMA |url=http://www.rbma.org.br/programas/docs_programas/mosaicos_corredores_ecologicos/01_06_20.pdf|accessdate=2016-09-22}}{{refend}}{{authority control}} 3 : 1982 establishments in Brazil|Environmental protection areas of Brazil|Protected areas of Rio de Janeiro (state) |
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