“Tanzania media service Act, 2016”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Government of United Republic of Tanzania^[1] has enacted four Acts concerning the control of freedom and regulation of media in the country. These are The Cybercrimes Act, 2015,^[2] The Statistics Act, 2013,^[3] The Media Services Act, 2015^[4] and The Access to Information Act, 2015.^[5] The Government of the Republic of Tanzania on one side claims that the four Acts were highly needed to facilitate access to information and control the media sector. On the other, political analysts, activists and everyday people have criticized the Acts, predicting that they will negatively affect freedom of the media and, eventually, citizens' freedom of speech. The Acts give Tanzania's Minister responsible for information the power to ban any media which may seems to report, publish, print or broadcast information contrary to the code of conducts or threaten peace in the state.

Brief history

The Media Services Act, 2016, was enacted in 2016 by the parliament of the united republic of Tanzania^[6] on 5 November 2016 and signed by President John Pombe Magufuli two weeks later. The Act replaced the then restrictive newspaper Act of 1976. The expectation of many people was that the Act would become an updated media law adhering to international conventions like the United Nation's Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UNDHR), the East African Community^[7] Treaty and other sources which affect then liberty of citizens to access information. Instead, the Acts appears to many to act to deprive certain civil constitutional^[8] rights, including freedom of expression and freedom of access to information.

Reaction from the press

The Media Council of Tanzania (MCT), Legal and Human Right Centre^[9] (LHRC), and Tanzania Human Rights Defenders Coalition^[10] (THRDC) on 11 January 2017 filed a petition at the East African Court of Justice^[11] (EACJ) challenging the newly passed Media Service Act, 2016. The petition, suppororted by a team of lawyers from MCT, LHRC and THRDC claism that the Act deprives civil liberties and access to information rights guaranteed under Article 18, subsections (a), (b), (c) and (d) of the Constitution of Tanzania, respectively addressing:

References

1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://tanzania.go.tz|title=United Republic of Tanzania, Government portal|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=21 September 2017}}
2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://parliament.go.tz/polis/uploads/bills/acts/1452061463-ActNo-14-2015-Book-11-20.pdf|title=Cybercrime Act, 2015|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=21 September 2017}}
3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://parliament.go.tz/polis/uploads/bills/acts/1452062087-ActNo-9-2015-Book-1-10.pdf|title=The Statistic Act, 2013|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=21 September 2017}}
4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://parliament.go.tz/polis/uploads/bills/1474021216-A%20BILL%20-%20%20%20THE%20MEDIA%20SERVICES%20ACT,%202016.pdf|title=The Media Service Act, 2016|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=21 September 2017}}
5. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.twaweza.org/uploads/files/THE%20ACCESS%20TO%20INFORMATION%20ACT.pdf|title=The Access to Information Act 2015|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=21 September 2017}}
6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.parliament.go.tz/|title=The Parliament Of United Republic Of Tanzania|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=21 September 2017}}
7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.eac.int/sites/default/files/docs/treaty_eac_amended-2006_1999.pdf|title=The Treaty for the Establishment of the East African Community|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=21 September 2017}}
8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.judiciary.go.tz/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/constitution.pdf|title=THE UNITED REPUBLIC, POLITICAL PARTIES, THE PEOPLE AND THE POLICY OF SOCIALISM AND SELF RELIANCE|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=21 September 2017}}
9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.humanrights.or.tz/|title=The Legal and Human Rights Centre|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=21 September 2017}}
10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.achpr.org/files/tanzania_hrd_coaliton_statement.pdf|title=African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=21 September 2017}}
11. ^{{Cite web|url=http://eacj.org/|title=Welcome to the East African Court of Justice|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=21 September 2017}}