| 词条 | Tatiana Tchernavin |
| 释义 |
| pre-nominals = | name = Tatiana Tchernavin | post-nominals = | image = | image_upright = | alt = | caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = Russian | pronunciation = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1887|12|20|08}} | birth_place = Russia | death_date = {{Death date and age|1971|03|01|1887|12|20}}[2] | death_place = United Kingdom | death_cause = | body_discovered = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | burial_place = | burial_coordinates = | monuments = | residence = | nationality = | other_names = | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = | occupation = | years_active = | era = | employer = | organization = | agent = | known_for = | notable_works = | style = | home_town = | salary = | net_worth = | height = | weight = | television = | title = | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = | movement = | opponents = | boards = | criminal_charge = | criminal_penalty = | criminal_status = | spouse = Vladimir V. Tchernavin | partner = | children = Andrei Tchernavin | parents = | relatives = | awards = | website = }}Tatiana Tchernavin (alternative transliteration: Chernavin) (Russian: Чернавин) (1887–1971) was a Russian-born artist who wrote one of the earliest accounts of escaping the Soviet Gulag system, along with her husband Vladimir V. Tchernavin.[1][2][3][4][5][6] BackgroundTatiana Vasilievna Sapozhnikova was born in 1887 in the Russian Empire. She studied at St. Petersburg University.[2][5][6] Tchernavin worked as a curator in the Section of Applied Arts of the Hermitage.[1] GulagFollowing several arrests of her husband, Tchernavin herself was arrested in January 1931. On 25 April 1931 her husband was convicted for "wrecking" under Article 58, Paragraph 7 of the Soviet Penal Code and sentenced to five years in Gulag labor camps. They first met again in November 1931, when they began planning to escape from the Soviet Union. In August 1932 they met again and set out on their escape. After 22 days of trekking through rugged terrain and suffering hardships due to a lack of provisions and poor weather, they were finally able to reach Finland.[5] (Tchernavin's son gave an account of the escape, filmed on location in the Russian Arctic, in Angus MacQueen's documentary Gulag (2000).[7][8]) Life afterTchernavin began to write her account of their escape during a period she spent in hospital recovering from the adverse effects of the journey on a heart condition.[1] The book was published first in London in October 1933.[9] The Tchernavins were still living in Finland in 1933, but in April of that year a letter from her husband, entitled "Methods of the OGPU", was published in The Times.[10] The letter was a rebuttal from his personal experience of the statement by Andrey Vyshinsky at the then current trial in Moscow of Metropolitan-Vickers engineers that '...in U.S.S.R. the accused are not put to torture...'. A subsequent letter from Sir Bernard Pares[11] strongly suggests that Pares had helped to bring about their publication. In March 1934 Pares presided at Tatiana's public lecture in London, entitled "The fate of the intellectual worker in Soviet Russia". In 1934, the family moved to England. Tchernavin became a translator in the UK Ministry of Information for the remainder of World War II and helped subtitle Noël Coward's war propaganda film In Which We Serve. Andrei became a civil engineer and designed the Bow Flyover.[8] Personal and deathTchernavin married Vladimir V. Tchernavin (1887–1949), who graduated from the same university. They had one child, Andrei Vladimirovich Tchernavin (1918–2007).[5][6] Tchernavin died in 1971 in England. Tchernavin, her husband, and son are all interred at the St. Mary Churchyard in South Perrott, West Dorset District, Dorset, England.[6][12] LegacyTchernavin's Escape From The Soviets (1934) [1] and her husband's book I Speak for the Silent: Prisoners of the Soviets (1935) [2] were among the first to give testimony of life under the Soviets, the GPU's operations and the Gulag. Works
See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book| first = Tatiana | last = Tchernavin| authorlink = | translator = Natalie Duddington (under pseudonym "N. Alexander")| title = Escape From The Soviets| publisher = E. P. Dutton and Co.| url = https://archive.org/details/escapefromthesov028118mbp| date = May 1934| accessdate = 18 February 2018}} [13]2. ^1 2 {{cite book| first = Vladimir V. | last = Tchernavin| authorlink = Vladimir V. Tchernavin| translator = Nicholas M. Oushakoff| title = I Speak for the Silent: Prisoners of the Soviets| publisher = Half Cushman & Flint| url = https://archive.org/details/ispeakforthesile013752mbp| date = February 1935| accessdate = 18 February 2018}} 3. ^{{cite book|last1=Beveridge|first1=W.H.|title=A defence of free learning|url = https://books.google.com/books/about/A_Defence_of_Free_Learning.html?id=pFgOAAAAIAAJ|location=London|page=21|date=1959|accessdate = 18 February 2018}} 4. ^{{cite book| first = Vladimir V. | last = Tchernavin| authorlink = Vladimir V. Tchernavin| translator = Nicholas M. Oushakoff| title = From the Archive: I Speak for the Silent: Looking Back to 1935| publisher = Five Dials| pages = 20| url = https://fivedials.com/files/fivedials_no2.pdf| date = February 1935| accessdate = 18 February 2018}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite web| title = Prisoners: Vladimir Tchernavin| publisher = Gulag: Many Days, Many Lives| url = http://gulaghistory.org/exhibits/days-and-lives/prisoners/30 | date = | accessdate = 18 February 2018}} 6. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal| first = Ethelwynn| last = Trewavas| title = Obituary: Dr. Vladimir Tchernavin| journal = Nature| volume = 163| issue = 4150| publisher = Nature: International Journal of Science| pages = 755–756| date = 14 May 1949| doi = 10.1038/163755a0}} 7. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qGhMbtdAAJg&t=1385 | title=Gulag (2000) | last=MacQueen |first=Angus |publisher=BBC |website=YouTube |accessdate=September 29, 2017}} 8. ^1 {{cite web |title=Engineer's heroic escape is subject of TV documentary|publisher= New Civil Engineer|url=https://www.newcivilengineer.com/engineers-heroic-escape-is-subject-of-tv-documentary/836213.article|date = 15 July 1999 |accessdate= 18 February 2018}} 9. ^{{cite journal |title=Shorter Notices |journal=The Times |location=London, England |date=October 13, 1933 |issue=46574 |page=21}} 10. ^{{cite journal| first = Vladimir V. | last = Tchernavin | authorlink = Vladimir V. Tchernavin| title=Methods of the OGPU | journal=The Times (London, England) | date=18 Apr 1933 | issue=46421 | page=11}} 11. ^{{cite journal|title=Bolshevist Methods|journal=The Times (London, England)|date=25 Apr 1933|issue=46427|page=15}} 12. ^{{cite web| title = Andrei Vladmirovich Tchernavin| publisher = FindAGrave| url = https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/59952075| date = | accessdate = 18 February 2018}} 13. ^1 “TCHERNAVIN. On March 1st, 1971, Tatiana Tchernavin, aged 83 years. Funeral at South Perrott Church, Dorset, March 5th at 12 noon. Flowers to Kenyon, Kensington Church street.” — https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/59951010/tatiana-vasilievna-tchernavin }} External links
| first = Tatiana | last = Tchernavin | authorlink = | translator = Natalie Duddington (under pseudonym "N. Alexander") | title = Escape From the Soviets | publisher = E. P. Dutton and Co. | url = https://archive.org/details/escapefromthesov028118mbp | date = May 1934 | accessdate = 18 February 2018}}
| url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qGhMbtdAAJg&t=1385 | title=Gulag | last=MacQueen |first=Angus |publisher=BBC |website=YouTube |accessdate=September 29, 2017}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Tchernavin, Tatiana}} 10 : 1887 births|1971 deaths|Gulag memoirs|Escapees from Soviet detention|Arkhangelsk Oblast|Soviet defectors to the United Kingdom|Russian political writers|Russian emigrants to the United Kingdom|20th-century writers|Russian defectors |
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