| 词条 | Tell Taban | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Tell Taban |native_name = تل طابان |alternate_name = |image =Tell Taban.png |alt = |caption = The west side of the tell |map_type = Syria |map_alt = |map_size = |coordinates = {{coord|36|20|11|N|40|47|17|E|display=inline,title}} |location = Al-Hasakah Governorate, Syria |region = Mesopotamia |type = Settlement |part_of = |length = |width = |area = |height = |builder = |material = |built = |abandoned = |epochs = |cultures = |dependency_of = |occupants = |event = |excavations = |archaeologists = Hirotoshi Numoto, Daisuke Shibata, and Shigeo Yamada |condition = |ownership = |management = |public_access = |website = |notes = }} Tell Taban is an archaeological site in north-eastern Syria in the Al-Hasakah Governorate. It is the site of the ancient city of Ṭābetu.{{sfn|Numoto|Shibata|Yamada|2013|p= 167}} ArchaeologyThe site was first excavated from 1997 until 1999 as a salvage operation in response to the effects of the Hassake dam. [1][2][3] A number of inscribed ojbects, mostly building inscriptions, were found. The site was again excavated in 2005 through 2007. More inscriptions and an archive containing over 100 cuneiform tablets were found.[4][5] [6][7]HistoryṬābetuThe city was mentioned in 18th century BC as a regional center named Ṭābatum in the tablets of the kingdom of Mari,{{sfn|Numoto|Shibata|Yamada|2013|p= 171}} and was destroyed by Samsu-Iluna of Babylon.{{sfn|Numoto|Shibata|Yamada|2013|p= 177}} then came under the rule of the Assyrians.[8] Autonomous kingdomAn autonomous dynasty ruled the city between the 14th and 12th centuries BC under the suzerainty and acknowledging the supremacy of the Middle Assyrian kings; the rulers of Ṭābetu styled themselves "the kings of Ṭābetu and the Land of Mari".{{sfn|Numoto|Shibata|Yamada|2013|p= 167}} By the time of middle-Assyrian period kingdom of Ṭābetu, the designation "Mari" was likely used to indicate the lands around Ṭābetu and did not refer to the ancient kingdom of Mari located on the Euphrates.{{sfn|Podany|2002|p= 12}} Another possibility is that Mari from the Ṭābetu king's title correspond to "Marê"; a city mentioned c. 803 BC in the stele of Nergal-ereš, a Limmu of the neo-Assyrian king Adad-nirari III.[9] Marê was mentioned in association with Raṣappu which was likely located in the southern and eastern slopes of the Sinjar Mountains.[9] The origin of the dynasty is vague; the first known two rulers bore Hurrian names.[10] However, "the land of Mari" is mentioned in the Hurrian Mitannian archive of Nuzi, and tablets dating to the 15th and 14th centuries BC from Tell Taban itself reveal that the inhabitants were Amorites.[10] The dynasty could have been Amorite in origin but adopted Hurrian royal names to appease the Mitannian empire.[10] The kings of Ṭābetu seems to have acknowledged the authority of Assyria as soon as the Assyrian conquest of Mitanni began; in return, the Assyrians approved the continuation of the local dynasty whose rulers were quickly Assyrianised and adopted Assyrian names replacing the Hurrian names.[10] This is a list of the kings of Ṭābetu who belonged to the same dynasty.{{sfn|Numoto|Shibata|Yamada|2013|p= 170}}[11]
References1. ^Ohnuma, K. et al. 1999: ‘Excavation at Tell Taban, Hassake, Syria (1): Report of the 1997 Season of Work’, Al-Rafidan, vol. 20, pp. 1-47 2. ^Ohnuma, K. et al. 2000: ‘Excavation at Tell Taban, Hassake, Syria (2): Report of the 1998 Season of Work’, Al-Rafidan, vol. 21, pp. 1-70 3. ^Ohnuma, K. et al. 2001: ‘Excavation at Tell Taban, Hassake, Syria (3): Report of the 1999 Season of Work’, Al-Rafidan, vol., pp. 1-63 4. ^Numoto, H., Excavation at Tell Taban, Hassake, Syria (4): Preliminary Report of the 2005 Winter Season of Work, Al-Rāfidān, vol. 27, pp. 1-43, 2006 5. ^Hirotoshi Numoto,. Excavation at Tell Taban, Hassake, Syria (5). Preliminary Report of the 2005 Summer season , Al-Rāfidān, vol. 28, p. 1-62, 2007 6. ^Numoto, H., Excavations at Tell Taban, Hassake, Syria (6): Preliminary Report of the 2006 Season of Work, Al-Rāfidān, vol. 29, pp. 1-46, 2008 7. ^Numoto, H., Excavations at Tell Taban, Hassake, Syria; Preliminary Report on the 2007 Season of Excavations, in: H. Numoto, ed., Excavations at Tell Taban, Hassake, Syria: Preliminary Report on the 2007 Season of Excavations, and the Study of Cuneiform Texts, Tokyo, pp. 1-86, 2009 8. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=RmgMAQAAMAAJ&q=mari+tabetu&dq=mari+tabetu |author=Kokushikan Daigaku, Iraku Kodai Bunka Kenkyūjo |title= Journal of Western Asiatic studies, Volume 28|page= 50|year= 2007}} 9. ^1 {{cite book|author=Frederick Mario Fales|chapter= MARl: AN ADDITIONAL NOTE ON "RASAPPU AND HATALLU"|number= 2|title= State Archives of Assyria Bulletin (SAAB)|volume= 6|page= 105|year= 1992}} 10. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|url=http://www.cairn.info/revue-d-assyriologie-2011-1-page-165.htm|chapter=The origin of the dynasty of the Land of Māri and the city-god of Ṭābetu|author=Daisuke Shibata|title= Revue d'assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale|volume= 105|number= 1|pages= 165–180|publisher= Presses Universitaires de France|year= 2011}} 11. ^{{cite book|url=https://www.academia.edu/1755695/Local_Power_in_the_Middle_Assyrian_Period_The_Kings_of_the_Land_of_M%C4%81ri_in_the_Middle_Habur_Region|chapter=Local Power in the Middle Assyrian Period: The “Kings of the Land of Māri” in the Middle Habur Region|author=Daisuke Shibata|editor= Gernot Wilhelm|title= Organization, Representation, and Symbols of Power in the Ancient Near East: Proceedings of the 54th Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale at Würzburg, 20-25 July 2008|page= 492|publisher= Eisenbrauns|year= 2012}} Sources{{refbegin}}
See Also
4 : Former populated places in Syria|Archaeological sites in al-Hasakah Governorate|Bronze Age sites in Syria|Tells |
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