| 词条 | Teofilius Matulionis |
| 释义 |
| type = Archbishop | honorific-prefix = Blessed The Most Reverend | name = Teofilius Matulionis | honorific-suffix = | title = Archbishop of Kaišiadorys | image = Teofilius Matulionis.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = 20 October 1933 | native_name = | native_name_lang = | church = Roman Catholic Church | archdiocese = | province = | metropolis = | diocese = Kaišiadorys | see = Kaišiadorys | elected = | appointed = 9 January 1943 | term = | enthroned = | term_start = | term_end = 20 August 1962 | quashed = | predecessor = Juozapas Kukta | successor = Juozas Matulaitis-Labukas | opposed = | other_post = | ordination = 17 March 1900 | ordained_by = | consecration = 9 February 1929 | consecrated_by = Anton Malecki | cardinal = | created_cardinal_by = | rank = Archbishop "ad personam" | birth_name = Teofilius Matulionis | birth_date = {{Birth date|1873|06|22|df=yes}} | birth_place = Alantos, Molėtai, Russian Empire (modern Lithuania) | death_date = {{Death date and age|1962|08|20|1873|06|22|df=yes}} | death_place = Seduva, Radviliškis, Lithuania | buried = | tomb = | resting_place_coordinates = | nationality = | religion = | residence = | parents = | spouse = | partner = | children = | occupation = | profession = | previous_post = {{unbulleted list|Titular Bishop of Matrega (1928–1943)|Auxiliary Bishop of Mohilev (1928–1943)}} | education = | alma_mater = | motto = | signature = | signature_alt = | coat_of_arms = | coat_of_arms_alt = | feast_day = 14 June | venerated = Roman Catholic Church | saint_title = | beatified_date = 25 June 2017 | beatified_place = Vilnius Cathedral, Lithuania | beatified_by = Cardinal Angelo Amato | canonized_date = | canonized_place = | canonized_by = | attributes = Episcopal attire | patronage = {{unbulleted list|Persecuted Christians|Educators}} | shrine = | suppressed_date = | module = | other = }} Blessed Teofilius Matulionis (22 June 1873 – 20 August 1962) was a Lithuanian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was consecrated a bishop in secret and spent most of his years as bishop in prison. His death was likely due to poisoning by officials of the USSR. Pope Francis approved his beatification on 1 December 2016 and it was celebrated in Vilnius at the cathedral square on 25 June 2017. LifeTeofilius Matulionis was born on 22 June 1873 in Molėtai, a town then in the Russian Empire, now in Lithuania. He was the second of three children to Jurgis Matulionis (1833–1911) and Ona Juočepytė (1851-9 May 1877); his two brothers were Jonas (1871–1920) and Juozas (1875–1955). After his mother died, his father remarried, and he and his second wife had seven children.[1] Matulionis studied at Antalieptėje from 1887 to 1892 and then at Daugpilis from 1892 to 1900. He graduated from high school in Latvia and began his theological studies for the priesthood in Saint Petersburg, Russia, where he was ordained on 17 March 1900.[1] He interrupted his studies for a brief period to reconsider his vocation. He studied Russian, Latvian and Polish. He also served briefly as a curate in several Latvian parishes.[2] He was assigned to a small parish in Latgalia, Latvia, beginning on 26 June 1900 and transferred in 1910 to the parish of the Immaculate Heart of Jesus in Saint Petersburg,[3] where Catholicism was a minority religion. He led a campaign to the construct a new parish church, and he was awarded the title Monsignor.[2] He lived in Saint Petersburg until 1929. Pope Pius XI named him an auxiliary bishop of Mohilev, Belarus, on 8 December 1928 and Matulionis received his episcopal consecration in secret on 7 February 1929[3] from Bishop Anton Malecki. His pastoral work was often hampered by the communist government. In 1922 the Bolsheviks ordered the confiscation of all churches. Their decree required pastors to provide their signatures. Matulionis refused and was arrested and imprisoned from 1923 until 1925,[2][3] as part of the broader persecution centered on the "show trial" of Bishop Jan Cieplak.[9] He was arrested a second time and sentenced to a decade of hard labor in the Arctic where the cold and damp climate damaged his health. He often awoke in the middle of the night to celebrate the Mass in secret using everyday bread as the Eucharist and distributing it in secret to fellow inmates when he could. The authorities relocated him to a prison in Saint Petersburg because of his health. He was placed in solitary confinement, but released as part of a prisoner exchange when the Lithuanian government signed an accord with the Soviet Union for a ten-prisoner exchange,[2] though he asked not to part of the exchange.[3]From 1934 until 1936 he lived in the Soviet Union. He also visited Cairo and Jerusalem,[1] as well as the United States and parts of Western Europe.[4] In 1934 he met Pius XI in a private audience and the pope said to him: "It is an honor to the Lithuanian nation to have such a hero". In 1943, during World War II, Pope Pius XII made him bishop of Kaišiadorys, Lithuania. He was arrested a third time for releasing a pastoral letter in 1946 and was sentenced to another decade in prison.[3] Upon his release in 1956, he was forbidden to exercise his role as bishop and held under house arrest in Birštonas.[4] On 25 December 1957, he consecrated Vincentas Sladkevičius a bishop without the consent of the communists. They ridiculed Matulionis for performing the ceremony in a small kitchen. He said they should be ashamed of forcing him act in secret. For acting without government consent he was exiled to Seduva where he remained for the rest of his life. In 1962 Pope John XXIII, on the 33rd anniversary of his consecration as bishop, gave him the personal title of archbishop.[3] Matulionis died on 20 August 1962 not long after a routine USSR check of his apartment during which he was drugged. He had previously been denied permission to attend the Second Vatican Council.[17] The government allowed his remains to be interred in his diocesan cathedral on condition that no demonstrations occur. His remains were exhumed in 1999 and tests confirmed that he had been poisoned.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} Posthumous honorsIn 2003 he was granted the Life Saving Cross and in 2006 awarded the Cross of the Order of the Grand Cross for his heroism and sacrifices.[2][1] BeatificationThe beatification process begun under Pope John Paul II on 2 April 1990 when the Congregation for the Causes of Saints (CCS) titled him a Servant of God. The diocesan process lasted until 1 May 2008. Pope Francis confirmed on 1 December 2016 that Matulionis had died "in odium fidei" (due to hatred of the faith) and approved the beatification.[5] Cardinal Angelo Amato, Prefect of the CSS, presided at the beatification ceremony on 25 June 2017 in Vilnius.[6] The current postulator for this cause is Fr. Mindaugas Sabonis. References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal | publisher =Lithuanian Students Association | accessdate = 26 June 2017 | journal = Lituanus |volume= 9 | issue= 1| date= 1963| url = http://www.lituanus.org/1963/63_1_04.htm | title = Archbishop Teofilius Matulionis (1873 -1962) | author= P. Celiešius | editor= A. Mickevičius }} 2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web | publisher = Diocese of Kaišiadorys | accessdate = 26 June 2017 | title= Teofilius Matulionis | url = http://www.teofilius.lt/?lang=en }} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite news | work = New York Times | accessdate = 26 June 2017 | title =Bishop Teofilo Matulionis Dead; Spent 17 Years in Soviet Prisons | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1962/08/26/90578034.pdf | date= 26 August 1962}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=RnKlDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1997-IA44& | title = Biographical Dictionary of Central and Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century | accessdate = 26 June 2017 | first1= Wojciech |last1= Roszkowski |first2=Jan |last2=Kofman | date = 2015 | publisher = Routledge}} 5. ^{{cite news | work= Zenit | accessdate = 26 June 2017 | date= 2 December 2016 | title= US Priest Recognized as Martyr | url = https://zenit.org/articles/us-priest-recognized-as-martyr/ }} 6. ^1 {{cite news | url = http://en.radiovaticana.va/news/2017/06/25/thousands_attend_beautification_of_lithuanias_catholic_mart/1321345 | work = Vatican Radio | accessdate = 26 June 2017 | date= 25 June 2017 | title = Thousands attend Beatification of Lithuania's Catholic martyr Matulionis }} External links
19 : 1873 births|1962 deaths|19th-century venerated Christians|19th-century Roman Catholics|19th-century Lithuanian people|20th-century venerated Christians|20th-century Roman Catholic martyrs|20th-century Roman Catholics|20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops|20th-century Lithuanian people|Beatified people|Beatifications by Pope Francis|Lithuanian beatified people|Lithuanian people|Lithuanian Roman Catholics|Lithuanian Roman Catholic archbishops|People from Molėtai|Titular bishops|Venerated Catholics |
| 随便看 |
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。