| 词条 | Terra do Meio Ecological Station |
| 释义 |
| name = Terra do Meio Ecological Station | alt_name = Estação Ecológica da Terra do Meio | iucn_category = Ia | photo = File:Rio Novo, Estacao Ecologica Terra do Meio.jpg | photo_alt = | photo_caption = Terra do Meio Ecological Station | map = Brazil | map_alt = | relief = yes | location = | nearest_city = Uruará, Pará | coordinates = {{coords|-5.084|-53.716|display=inline, title}} | area = {{convert|3373133.89|ha}} | designation = Ecological station | created = 17 February 2005 | administrator = Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation | world_heritage_site = }} Terra do Meio Ecological Station ({{lang-pt|Estação Ecológica da Terra do Meio}}) is an ecological station (ESEC) in the state of Pará, Brazil. LocationThe Terra do Meio Ecological Station has an area of {{convert|3373133.89|ha}}.{{sfn|Esec da Terra do Meio – Chico Mendes}} It covers parts of the municipalities of Altamira and São Félix do Xingu in the state of Pará.{{sfn|Unidade de Conservação ... MMA}} The station covers parts of the lowlands and the residual plateau of the southern Amazon. It lies between the Xingu River and its tributary the Iriri River, which runs through the station from south to north. The Iriri rises in the Serra do Cachimbo and flows for {{convert|900|km}} before joining the Xingu. The rivers vary greatly in volume depending on the season, and in the dry season include waterfalls, rocks and rapids.{{sfn|Unidade de Conservação ... MMA}} The ESEC borders the {{convert|445408|ha}} Serra do Pardo National Park to the southeast.{{sfn|PARNA da Serra do Pardo – ISA|loc=Informações gerais (mapa)}} The proposed South Amazon Ecological Corridor would link the ESEC to other protected areas and indigenous territories in the region.{{sfn|Ayres|Da Fonseca |Rylands|Queiroz|2005|p=33}} EnvironmentThe Terra do Meio Ecological Station is in the Amazon biome.{{sfn|Amazon Biome: protected areas: Coordinated audit|p=61}} Temperatures range from {{convert|19|to|28|C}} with an average of {{convert|23|C}}. Average annual rainfall is {{convert|1855|mm}}. During the dry season from May to November there is elevated risk of natural or man-made fires. Soils are generally poor in nutrients. 76% of the unit is covered by open submontane rainforest with lianas, and 18.4% is covered by open submontane rainforest with emergent canopy. Smaller areas hold dense submontane rainforest with uniform canopy, open submontane rainforest with palm trees and dense alluvial rainforest.{{sfn|Unidade de Conservação ... MMA}} BirdsMigratory birds that pass through the ecological station include osprey (Pandion haliaetus), spotted sandpiper (Actitis macularius), purple martin (Progne subis), sand martin (Riparia riparia) and barn swallow (Hirundo rustica). Endemic birds include white-crested guan (Penelope pileata), red-throated piping guan (Pipile cujubi), dark-winged trumpeter (Psophia viridis), blue-necked jacamar (Galbula cyanicollis), rufous-necked puffbird (Malacoptila rufa), red-necked aracari (Pteroglossus bitorquatus), Gould's toucanet (Selenidera gouldii), Sclater's antwren (Myrmotherula sclateri), band-tailed antbird (Hypocnemoides maculicauda), Amazonian antpitta (Hylopezus berlepschi) and Amazonian barred woodcreeper (Dendrocolaptes certhia).{{sfn|Unidade de Conservação ... MMA}} ConservationThe Terra do Meio Ecological Station was created by decree on 17 February 2005, and is administered by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation. Protected species in the park include the white-cheeked spider monkey (Ateles marginatus).{{sfn|Esec da Terra do Meio – Chico Mendes}} The ecological station is classed as IUCN protected area category Ia (strict nature reserve). The purpose is to conserve nature and support scientific research.{{sfn|Unidade de Conservação ... MMA}} The conservation unit is supported by the Amazon Region Protected Areas Program.{{sfn|Full list: PAs supported by ARPA}} The management plan for the ecological station was published on 23 December 2015. The authors had to deal with the issue of land speculators, settlers and 15 families of traditional inhabitants. The traditional families, with their valuable knowledge, were allowed to stay in an "intensive use zone" and were integrated into management of the area. The objective of the zone was to maintain the natural environment with little human impact, provide places for developing awareness programs, environmental education and research. It allowed for houses, gardens, and limited extraction of resources, mostly for personal use, according to traditional practices.{{sfn|Ronaldo Weigand Jr.|2016}} The ecological station is in a region that contains 12 sustainable use conservation areas and 6 fully protected areas. The fully protected areas, which cover {{convert|6,670,422|ha}}, are the Amazônia, Jamanxim, Rio Novo and Serra do Pardo national parks, the Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo Biological Reserve and the Terra do Meio Ecological Station.{{sfn|Plano de Manejo da Floresta Nacional do Trairão|p=12}} The sustainable use areas include the Tapajós environmental protection area and the Altamira, Amaná, Jamanxim, Trairão, Itaituba I, Itaituba II and Tapajós national forests, covering a total of {{convert|7,555,889|ha}}.{{sfn|Plano de Manejo da Floresta Nacional do Trairão|p=12}} Notes{{notes}}Sources{{refbegin}}
|title=Amazon Biome: protected areas: Coordinated audit|location=Brasília |publisher=Federal Court of Accounts of Brazil |url=https://portal.tcu.gov.br/lumis/portal/file/fileDownload.jsp?fileId=8A8182A24F0A728E014F0B2FF75B4157|accessdate=2017-03-11}}
|last1=Ayres |first1=José Márcio |first2=Gustavo A. B. |last2=Da Fonseca |first3=Anthony B. |last3=Rylands |first4=Helder L. |last4=Queiroz |first5=Luiz Paulo |last5=Pinto |first6=Donald |last6=Masterson |first7=Roberto B. |last7=Cavalcanti |title=Os Corredores Ecológicos das Florestas Tropicais do Brasil|year=2005|publisher=Sociedade Civil Mamirauá |url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/sites/uc.socioambiental.org/files/Corredores%20Ecol%C3%B3gicos_PPG7_1997_0.pdf|accessdate=2016-10-28}}
|title=Esec da Terra do Meio|publisher=Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation |url=http://www.icmbio.gov.br/portal/unidadesdeconservacao/biomas-brasileiros/amazonia/unidades-de-conservacao-amazonia/1909-esec-da-terra-do-meio|accessdate=2016-05-29}}
|title=Full list: PAs supported by ARPA|publisher=ARPA |url=http://programaarpa.gov.br/en/full-list-pas-supported-by-arpa/|accessdate=2016-08-07}}
|title=PARNA da Serra do Pardo|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental |url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/pt-br/uc/6266|accessdate=2016-08-08}}
|title=Plano de Manejo da Floresta Nacional do Trairão, Localizada no Estado do Pará|publisher=ICMBio |url=http://www.icmbio.gov.br/portal/images/stories/imgs-unidades-coservacao/flona_trairao.pdf|accessdate=2016-05-19}}
|author= Ronaldo Weigand Jr.|title=Plano de Manejo da Estação Ecológica da Terra do Meio (EETM) |work=Nave Terra |url=http://www.naveterra.net/2016/02/plano-de-manejo-da-estacao-ecologica-da.html|accessdate=2016-05-29}}
|title=Unidade de Conservação: Estação Ecológica da Terra do Meio|publisher=MMA: Ministério do Meio Ambiente |url=http://sistemas.mma.gov.br/cnuc/index.php?ido=relatorioparametrizado.exibeRelatorio&relatorioPadrao=true&idUc=47|accessdate=2016-05-29}}{{refend}} External links
4 : Ecological stations of Brazil|Protected areas of Pará|Protected areas established in 2005|2005 establishments in Brazil |
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