| 词条 | Tesla Semi | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Tesla Semi | image = File:Tesla Semi 5.jpg|alt=Tesla Semi 5 | image_size = 280 | caption =Two prototype Tesla Semis in Rocklin, California | manufacturer = Tesla, Inc. | aka = | production = | model_years = | assembly = | designer = | class = Class 8 heavy-duty truck | body_style = Tractor unit for semi-trailer trucks | layout = | platform = | related = | motor = | powerout = | battery = | electric_range = {{convert|300|or|500|mi|km|lk=on|sigfig=3|sp=us}} | charging = | transmission = | propulsion = | wheelbase = | length = | width = | height = | weight = not disclosed[1] | predecessor = | successor = | sp = us }} The Tesla Semi is an all-electric battery-powered Class 8 semi-trailer truck prototype which was unveiled on November 16, 2017 and planned for production in 2020 by Tesla, Inc.[2][3] The company initially announced that the truck would have a {{convert|500|mi|km|0}} range on a full charge and with its new batteries it would be able to run for {{convert|400|mi|km|-1}} after an 80% charge in 30 minutes using a solar-powered "Tesla Megacharger" charging station. Tesla CEO Elon Musk said that the Semi would come standard with Tesla Autopilot that allows semi-autonomous driving on highways. HistoryThe Semi was first mentioned in the Tesla 2016 Master Plan.[4] Tesla said at the time that they have a working prototype that uses 'a bunch' of Tesla Model 3 electric motors.[5] {{asof|2017|04}}, Tesla's Vice President of Vehicle Programs, Jerome Guillen was leading the Tesla Semi program. Guillen was once in charge of Freightliner's Cascadia Diesel-engine Class 8 semi, before configuring the Model S production line.[6][7] The Semi was unveiled at a press conference on November 16, 2017, where Musk provided additional specifics. He did not provide a planned price but claimed that the electric Semi would cost 20 cents less per mile to operate than a diesel truck.[8] That prediction depends on the cost of electricity in the location where a Semi will be charged; the high cost in California, for example, may eliminate the operating cost benefit.[9] On November 24, 2017, Musk said that the expected price of regular production versions for the {{convert|300|mi|km|-1}} and {{convert|500|mi|km|0}} range versions would be US$150,000 and $180,000 respectively. The company also planned to offer a Founder's Series Semi at $200,000.[10] On March 7, 2018, Musk announced that the Semi was being tested with real cargo, hauling battery packs from Nevada to California.[11] On August 24, 2018, a Tesla Semi prototype traveled by itself (without any escort or accompanying vehicles) for a week to arrive at the J. B. Hunt headquarters in Arkansas.[12][13][14] OrdersThe first pre-orders came in the day of the press conference and by mid-January around 450 Semis had been pre-ordered.[15][16][17][18] The original deposit required with an order was $5,000, which was increased to $20,000 after the event in November.[19] In the Q1 2018 Tesla earnings call, Musk said that there were about 2,000 total pre-orders of the Semi.[20]
November 2017 prototype and plansIn November 2017, Musk said that the Semi would be powered by four electric motors of the type used in the Tesla Model 3.[21] Two battery configurations of {{convert|300|mi|km}} and {{convert|500|mi|km|0}} range (fully loaded) were planned with the battery packs located under the floor of the cab, between the back and front wheels.[21] Running empty, the long-range Tesla Semi would have a range of {{convert|997|km|mi|disp=flip}}.[22] Tesla said the Semi would have {{cvt|0|–|60|mph}} time of 5 seconds unloaded and in 20 seconds fully loaded.[9] The Semi would be able to maintain a speed of {{cvt|65|mph}} on a 5% grade,[25] and that the company would offer a warranty for a million miles (1.6 million km) and that maintenance would be more simple than for a diesel truck.[9] In the prototype shown in November the driver's seat was located in the center of the cab. There was a removable jump seat for an extra passenger and there was no sleeping area.[23][21] There were touchscreen displays on either side of the steering wheel, and no other instrument panels.[23] Musk said that the windshield would be explosion-proof.[23] Tesla said that the Semi would be equipped with enhanced autopilot as standard equipment that would provide semi-autonomous capability.[24] Using more radar devices than Tesla cars, and cameras, the system would enable the truck to stay in its own lane and a safe distance away from other vehicles on a highway, would have emergency braking, and would warn the driver of any potential hazards near the vehicle.[9] Tesla also said that new technology with active safety controls would detect and prevent jackknifing.[9] Musk said that the system would eventually allow several units to operate in an autopilot-based convoy, led by a truck with a driver, that would be a cheaper alternative to rail transport.[34] At the time, platooning was legal in only eight states and all required a human driver in each truck so changes in legislation would be necessary to achieve Musk's vision.[25] Media reports noted the lack of specification for vehicle weight, as payload is restricted by government rules for the weight of the combined tractor-trailer.[26][23] In November 2017 Tesla said it planned to use the Semi to transport cargo between Gigafactory 1 and the Fremont plant.[27][28] Tesla megachargerAt the November 2017 press conference Musk also said that the company would be involved in installing a global network of "megachargers" that would be solar-powered and would be able to recharge a truck's batteries in 30 minutes to a capacity to travel {{convert|400|mi|km|-1}} .[40][25][29] To accomplish this, it will likely have an output level over one megawatt.[30] Third party analysisAn analyst with Jefferies Group expressed skepticism over some of Tesla's claims because the company had not determined battery longevity; specifics about that aspect, and the replacement cost of the battery, are essential in order to calculate the long-term cost of ownership.[31] Some industry experts view heavy-duty freight as impractical for battery trucks due to cost and weight.[26][32][33] A senior VP at Daseke Inc., a large trucking company, said that the limited range affected their likelihood of operating the Semi until the necessary infrastructure was in place.[34] A Bloomberg L.P. report showed that given the battery technology available in November 2017, Tesla's estimates for charging times, range per charge, and costs were not realistic,[35] some suggesting that Tesla may be betting on increased battery density advances in the next couple of years to meet its stated goals.[36] In response to Musk's description of Tesla's work on a "a heavy duty, long-range semi truck" at a talk in April 2017,[37] researchers from the Carnegie Mellon College of Engineering estimated the loads and ranges for an electric truck, given battery technologies known at that time, and published their work in June 2017.[38] They determined that an electric semi might be feasible for short- or medium-range hauling, but not for long-range hauling, as the weight of the batteries required would take up too much of the weight allowed by law.[38] One estimate for the battery weight, at 11,800 kg, is estimated to account for one third of the payload, and would increase the cost of the truck to about double that of an equivalent diesel.[39] CompetitionAs of November 2017, companies already developing their own electric trucks include BYD Company, Cummins, Daimler AG, Einride, Kenworth, Nikola Motor, Proterra, Inc., Thor Trucks, Toyota, Uber and Volkswagen.[23][8] See also
References1. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.teslarati.com/how-much-tesla-semi-truck-battery-pack-weigh/ |title=Tesla Semi truck’s battery pack and overall weight explored |last=Turpen |first=Aaron |date=2018-02-24 |website=TESLARATI |access-date=2019-03-11}} 2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.wormcapital.com/insights/tesla-gigafactory-visit|title=Behind the Scenes at Tesla’s Gigafactory: Field Notes From Our Recent Visit|website=Worm Capital|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-03|quote=According to Tesla, by next year they will start exporting Model 3s to other countries. They will also begin to earnestly produce Semis by 2020. }} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/technology/tesla-to-start-truck-production-by-2020-report|title=Tesla to start truck production by 2020: Report|last=Lea|first=Brittany De|date=2018-09-12|website=FOXBusiness|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-03}} 4. ^{{cite news|last1=Bhuiyan|first1=Johana |title=Elon Musk’s Master Plan: Solar power, Tesla trucks, self-driving cars and car-sharing|url= https://www.recode.net/2016/7/20/12243702/elon-musk-master-plan-solarcity-tesla |publisher=Recode|date=July 20, 2016}} 5. ^{{cite news|title=Tesla Semi is using 'a bunch' of Model 3 electric motors, says Elon Musk|url= https://electrek.co/2017/05/03/tesla-semi-model-3-electric-motors-elon-musk/ |publisher=Electrek|date=May 3, 2017|last=Lambert|first=Fred}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Tesla Semi all-electric truck to be unveiled in September and be 'next level', says Elon Musk|url= https://electrek.co/2017/04/13/tesla-semi-all-electric-truck-september-elon-musk/ |date=April 13, 2017|last=Lambert|first=Fred|publisher=Electrek}} 7. ^{{cite news|last1=Lambert|first1=Fred|title=Tesla’s VP of Trucks talks about new electric semi, weight, charging, and more|url=https://electrek.co/2017/11/26/tesla-semi-vp-trucks-electric-presentation/|work=Electrek|date=26 November 2017}} 8. ^1 {{cite web|url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/innovations/wp/2017/11/17/teslas-latest-creation-an-electric-big-rig-that-can-travel-500-miles-on-a-single-charge/ |title=Tesla’s latest creation: An electric big rig that can travel 500 miles on a single charge|first=Peter|last=Holley |date=17 November 2017|newspaper=The Washington Post}} 9. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite news|url=https://blog.caranddriver.com/more-logical-than-ludicrous-tesla-semi-will-need-to-deliver-reliability/|title=More Logical Than Ludicrous: Tesla Semi Will Need to Deliver Reliability|date=November 20, 2017|magazine=Car and Driver|last= Harris|first=Mark}} 10. ^{{cite news|last1=Tung|first1=Liam|title=Tesla's all-electric Semi truck: Prices start at $150,000 and you can reserve one today|url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/teslas-all-electric-semi-truck-prices-start-at-150000-and-you-can-reserve-one-today/|work=ZDNet|date=November 24, 2017|language=en}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=Elon Musk on Instagram: "First production cargo trip of the Tesla Semi heavy duty truck, carrying battery packs from the Gigafactory in the Nevada mountains to the…"|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BgCJlKbFckb/|website=Instagram|language=en}} 12. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/teslas-semi-truck-is-traveling-cross-country-alone/ar-BBMu9hH|title=Tesla's Semi truck is traveling cross-country 'alone'|website=www.msn.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-08-27}} 13. ^{{Cite news|url=https://electrek.co/2018/08/25/tesla-semi-drove-across-country-supercharger-elon-musk/|title=Tesla Semi made it ‘across the country alone’ with only Supercharger network and an extension cord, says Elon Musk|date=2018-08-25|work=Electrek|access-date=2018-08-27|language=en-US}} 14. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.engadget.com/2018/08/26/tesla-semi-truck-travels-cross-country-alone/|title=Tesla's Semi truck is traveling cross-country 'alone'|work=Engadget|access-date=2018-08-27|language=en-US}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=https://electrek.co/2017/12/12/tesla-semi-order-100-electric-trucks-pepsico/|title=Tesla Semi receives important order of 100 electric trucks from PepsiCo|date=12 December 2017|publisher=}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=https://electrek.co/2017/12/08/tesla-semi-order-electric-trucks-sysco/|title=Tesla Semi will deliver beer – Budweiser orders 40 electric trucks|date=7 December 2017|publisher=}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=https://electrek.co/2017/12/08/tesla-semi-order-electric-trucks-sysco/|title=Tesla Semi receives large order of 50 electric trucks from Sysco|date=8 December 2017|publisher=}} 18. ^Bee'ah to add 50 electric Tesla Semi trucks to its fleet Arabian Business, January 16, 2018 19. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/dhl-orders-10-tesla-semi-trucks-1511891280|title=Tesla Truck Gets an Order from DHL as Shippers Give Elon Musk's New Vehicle a Try|last=Smith|first=Jennifer|date=2017-11-28|work=Wall Street Journal|access-date=2017-11-29|language=en-US|issn=0099-9660}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.caranddriver.com/news/is-teslas-semi-on-the-back-burner|title=Tesla’s Semi-Truck Got Little Mention on Elon Musk’s Recent Conference Call|publisher=Car and Driver|accessdate=May 11, 2018}} 21. ^1 2 {{cite news|last1=Davies|first1=Alex|title=Elon Musk Has Unveiled Tesla's All-Electric Semitruck|url=https://www.wired.com/story/tesla-truck-revealed/|work=Wired|date=16 November 2017}} 22. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.usine-digitale.fr/article/tesla-semi-ce-qu-il-faut-savoir-sur-le-camion-electrique-semi-autonome-de-tesla.N615453|title=Tesla Semi : ce qu’il faut savoir sur le camion électrique semi-autonome de Tesla|trans-title=Tesla Semi: What you need to know|first=Klervi|last=Drouglazet|work=L'Usine nouvelle|date=17 November 2017|accessdate=18 September 2018|language=fr|quote=Il a une autonomie de 997 km à vide et de 804 km à charge maximum : 40 tonnes de marchandises.}} 23. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|last1=O'Dell|first1=John|title=Elon Musk Unveils Superfast, 500-mile Range Tesla Electric Semi-Truck|url= https://www.trucks.com/2017/11/17/elon-musk-unveils-tesla-electric-semi-truck/ |publisher=Trucks.com |accessdate=2017-11-17 |date=2017-11-17 |quote=He provided no pricing information or specifics as to horsepower or torque figures.}} 24. ^{{cite news|last1=Estrada|first1=Zac|title=This is the Tesla Semi truck|url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/11/16/16667366/tesla-semi-truck-announced-price-release-date-electric-self-driving|work=The Verge|date=November 16, 2017}} 25. ^1 2 {{Cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tn-tesla-stock-20171117-story.html|title=Tesla's Semi and Roadster impress, but 'production hell' raises doubts about follow-through – LA Times|last=Lien|first=Russ Mitchell, Tracey|work=Los Angeles Times| access-date=2017-11-25|language=en-US}} 26. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/tesla-electric-semi-truck-toughest-musk |title=Why Tesla's Electric Semi Truck Is the Toughest Thing Musk Has Attempted Yet |last=Pyper |first=Julia |website=Greentech Media |date=16 November 2017 |accessdate=17 November 2017}} 27. ^{{cite web|title=Tesla to be its own first electric semi truck customer with cargo route between Fremont and Gigafactory 1|url=https://electrek.co/2017/11/25/tesla-semi-electric-truck-customer-cargo-route-fremont-gigafactory/|website=Electrek|accessdate=29 November 2017|date=25 November 2017}} 28. ^{{cite web|last1=Loveday|first1=Steven|title=Tesla Semi Will Transport Cargo Between Fremont And Gigafactory|url=https://insideevs.com/tesla-semi-cargo-transport-fremont-gigafactory/|website=insideevs.com|accessdate=29 November 2017}} 29. ^{{cite web|last1=della Cava|first1=Marco |title=Tesla Semi, an electric big rig truck with 500-mile range, rolls into reality|url= https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2017/11/16/tesla-semi-electric-big-rig-truck-rolls-into-reality/873162001/ |website=USA Today|accessdate=17 November 2017|language=en}} 30. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.teslarati.com/tesla-semi-megacharger-charging-port-close-up-look/ |title=Close-up look at the Tesla Semi "Megacharger" charging port |publisher=Teslarati |date= November 12, 2017 |accessdate=14 January 2018}} 31. ^{{cite news|last1=Winton|first1=Neil|title=Tesla Truck And Sports Car: Inspiration Or Distraction?|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/neilwinton/2017/11/20/tesla-truck-sports-car-inspiration-or-distraction/#30330c5046b9|work=Forbes|date=November 20, 2017|language=en}} 32. ^{{Cite web|url= http://theicct.org/publications/transitioning-zero-emission-heavy-duty-freight-vehicles |title=Transitioning to zero-emission heavy-duty freight vehicles|publisher=International Council on Clean Transportation |access-date=2017-11-19}} 33. ^{{cite news|last1=Ferris|first1=Robert|title=Electric trucks could sell faster than cars, but Tesla may be aiming at the wrong end of the market|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/11/21/tesla-semi-may-be-aiming-at-the-wrong-end-of-the-freight-industry.html|work=CNBC|date=21 November 2017}} 34. ^Nov 20, 2017 "Tesla Ready to play the long game" The Australian, pp. 22 35. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Randall|first1=Tom|last2=Lippert|first2=John|title=Tesla’s Newest Promises Break the Laws of Batteries|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-11-24/tesla-s-newest-promises-break-the-laws-of-batteries|work=Bloomberg|date=24 November 2017}} 36. ^{{cite web|last1=Morris|first1=David Z.|title=Tesla’s Latest Promises Depend on Advancing Battery Technology|url=http://fortune.com/2017/11/26/tesla-battery-technology/|website=Fortune|accessdate=14 December 2017|language=en}} 37. ^{{cite web|last1=Musk|first1=Elon|title=Transcript: The future we're building -- and boring|url=https://www.ted.com/talks/elon_musk_the_future_we_re_building_and_boring/transcript|publisher=TED|language=en|date=April 2017}} 38. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Sripad|first1=Shashank|last2=Viswanathan|first2=Venkatasubramanian|title=Performance Metrics Required of Next-Generation Batteries to Make a Practical Electric Semi Truck|journal=ACS Energy Letters|date=27 June 2017|volume=2|issue=7|pages=1669–1673|doi=10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00432}} {{open access}} 39. ^The Australian Nov 20 2017, p22 "Tesla Ready to play the long game" External links
4 : Tesla, Inc. vehicles|Proposed vehicles|Vehicles introduced in 2017|Electric trucks |
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