| 词条 | American Committee for Cultural Freedom |
| 释义 |
The American Committee for Cultural Freedom (ACCF) was the U.S. affiliate of the anti-Communist Congress for Cultural Freedom (CCF). OverviewThe ACCF and CCF were organizations that, during the Cold War, sought to encourage intellectuals to be critical of the Soviet Union and Communism, and to combat, according to a writer for The New York Times, "the continuing strength of the Soviet myth among the Western cultural elite. Despite all that had happened - the Moscow show trials, the Nazi-Soviet pact, the assassination of Leon Trotsky, the Russian attack on Finland, the takeovers in Eastern Europe, the mounting evidence of the gulag - Joseph Stalin still retained the loyalty of many writers, artists and scientists who viewed the Soviet Union as a progressive alternative to the 'reactionary,' 'war-mongering' United States."[1] The CCF was funded by the CIA, as well as the ACCF (via the CIA officer James Burnham and front organizations like the National Committee for a Free Europe (NCFE).[2] MembersThe dominant figure in the organization was Sidney Hook. Its 600-strong membership encompassed leading figures on both the Right and the Left, some of whom included: {{Div col|colwidth=18em}}
The committee's central or executive committee varied over time. James Turnham, who worked for the CIA, was a member until he left the group circa 1954.[4] Whittaker Chambers joined in late 1954 and was also a member of the executive committee.[5][6][7][8][9] Diana Trilling became chair person at some point.[10] See also
References1. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/1989/08/27/books/cranky-integrity-on-the-left.html?pagewanted=print Cranky Integrity on the Left]" in The New York Times (August 27, 1989) 2. ^{{Cite book|url=https://www.amazon.com/Mighty-Wurlitzer-How-Played-America/dp/067403256X/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1526992095&sr=8-2&keywords=hugh+wilford|title=The Mighty Wurlitzer|last=Wilford|first=Hugh|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=}} 3. ^{{cite news| title = Robert G. Davis, 90, Author, Professor and Literary Critic| publisher = The New York Times| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/17/arts/robert-g-davis-90-author-professor-and-literary-critic.html| date = 17 July 1998| accessdate = 29 July 2017}} 4. ^{{cite book| title = How Great the Triumph: James Burnham, Anti-Communism, and the Conservative Movement| publisher = University Press of America| year = 1992| page = 45| first = Kevin J.| last = Smant}} 5. ^{{cite book| first = Whittaker| last = Chambers| title = Odyssey of a Friend| publisher = Regnery| place = Washington| year = 1987|edition=reprint| page = 229}} 6. ^{{cite book| first = Victor| last = Navasky| title = Naming Names| publisher = Open Road Media| place = | year = 2013| url = https://books.google.com/?id=9Vy9AAAAQBAJ&pg=PT118&dq=%22american+committee+for+cultural+freedom%22+%22whittaker+chambers%22#v=onepage&q=%22american%20committee%20for%20cultural%20freedom%22%20%22whittaker%20chambers%22&f=false| isbn = 9781480436213}} 7. ^{{cite book| first = James| last = Gollin| title = Pied Piper: The Many Lives of Noah Greenberg| publisher = Pendragon Press| place = | year = 2001| page = 143| url = https://books.google.com/?id=y9VE4Ga5OdYC&pg=PA143&dq=%22american+committee+for+cultural+freedom%22+%22whittaker+chambers%22#v=onepage&q=%22american%20committee%20for%20cultural%20freedom%22%20%22whittaker%20chambers%22&f=false| isbn = 9781576470411}} 8. ^{{cite book| first = Richard H.| last = Pells| title = The Liberal Mind in a Conservative Age| publisher = Wesleyan University Press| place = | year = 1989| page = 340| url = https://books.google.com/?id=XtIhcHhMjsoC&pg=PA340&dq=%22american+committee+for+cultural+freedom%22+%22whittaker+chambers%22#v=onepage&q=%22american%20committee%20for%20cultural%20freedom%22%20%22whittaker%20chambers%22&f=false| isbn = 9780819562258}} 9. ^{{cite book| first = Larry| last = Ceplair| title = Anti-communism in Twentieth-Century America| publisher = ABC-CLIO| place = | year = 2011| page = 134| url = https://books.google.com/?id=wrq-fLuyYoUC&pg=PA134&dq=%22american+committee+for+cultural+freedom%22+%22whittaker+chambers%22#v=onepage&q=%22american%20committee%20for%20cultural%20freedom%22%20%22whittaker%20chambers%22&f=false| isbn = 9781440800481}} 10. ^{{cite journal| first = Tobi| last = Haslett| title = The Feuds of Diana Trilling| publisher = New Yorker| url = https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/05/29/the-feuds-of-diana-trilling| date = 29 May 2017| accessdate = 22 October 2017}} Sources
2 : Political organizations in the United States|Central Intelligence Agency front organizations |
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