| 释义 |
- Terminology Division Ground bass
- History John Walsh
- Book 1
- Book 2
- References
{{Orphan|date=January 2019}}{{italic title}}The Division Flute is a collection of variations over ground basses and their melodies. The Division Flute was first published in 1706/1708 by John Walsh, senior and is based on The Division Violin by John Playford.[1] Most of the grounds are anonymous folk songs taken from different styles like the French chaconne or the bel-canto style of the Italian music.[2] Terminology Division The word division basically means variation and describes the ornamentation of the melody. In the 17th century, "divisions" became bravura pieces for violinists in England. The virtuosos simply took a common folk song and improvised about it according to their abilities.{{Citation needed|date=December 2015}} Ground bass A ground bass is a type of ostinato, which is a melodic figure repeated over and over again in the same voice. The ground bass specifically is a melodic line or harmonic pattern repeated in the bass voice. The most famous example of this is Pachelbel's Canon.{{Citation needed|date=December 2015}} History In the 17th century, music became more common{{clarify|date=December 2015}} for amateurs and non-professional musicians.{{Citation needed|date=December 2015}} With the elevation of music in people's everyday lives, the recorder, as an attractive, simple instrument to learn, became one of the most popular instruments.{{Citation needed|date=December 2015}} The Division Violin is a collection of the most famous of the divisions, played by the virtuosic violin players in England. John Playford published it in 1684. After the role of the recorder grew, the publisher John Walsh, senior, transcribed (or had someone else transcribe) some of the pieces for recorder and added his own selection of other divisions and published them in 1706/1708.[3] John Walsh John Walsh, senior, was one of the most important music publishers and printers of his day. Born around 1665 in London he was the musical instrument-maker-in-ordinary for the king since 1692.[4] He developed many new printing techniques and printed music for composers like Arcangelo Corelli and George Frideric Handel. Book 1 [5]| Name | Form | Key | Background |
|---|
| Readings Ground | 20 Divisions | F major | date=December 2015}} | | Pauls Steeple | 8 Divisions | G minor | date=December 2015}} | | Faronells Ground | 11 Divisions | G minor | date=December 2015}} The melody line is very similar to the melody of "Air des Hautbois Les Folies d'Espagne" by J. B. Lully. Variations 1, 2, 3 and 5 became also famous as the song "Joy to Great Zesar". Farinel lived from 1649 until 1726 in La Tronche, France. He worked at the court of Versailles and was one of the most influential violinists of his time.{{Citation needed|date=December 2015}} | | Old Simon the King | 10.5 Divisions | F major | date=December 2015}} | | Tollets Ground | 22 Divisions | C major | date=December 2015}} These variations are also known as the "Irish Ground". | | Green Sleeves to a Ground | 15 Divisions | D minor | This ground is based on one of the most famous songs of the 16th century and was used in many other textual and melodic variations. The well-known text to the song included in variations 1 and 3 is:Alas my love, you do me wrongto cast me off discourteously;and I have loved you so longdelighting in your company.Greensleeves was all my joy,Greensleeves was my delight,Greensleeves was my heart of gold,and who but you has Greensleeves?[6] | | Johney Cock thy Beaver | 2 Divisions | C major | The Division Violin the bass is different for every variation, in later editions the bass is the same.{{Citation needed>date=December 2015}} | | Division on a Ground (Bellamira) | 16 Divisions | D minor | date=December 2015}} | | A Division on a Ground by Mr. Finger | 9 Divisions | G minor | date=December 2015}} | | A Division on a Ground by Mr. Eccles | 8 Divisions | A minor | date=December 2015}} | | A Division on a Ground by Mr. John Banister | 17 Divisions | G major | date=December 2015}} | | A Division on a Ground by Mr. Banister | 17 Divisions | F major | date=December 2015}} at St. Giles-in-the-Fields and followed this tradition throughout his life. After getting first music instructions from his father, Charles II sends him to France to get a professional education. Later Charles II made him leader of his own musical band. Since the bass in this division does not fit with any of the variations the piece is mostly performed as a composition for recorder solo.{{Citation needed|date=December 2015}} |
Book 2 | Name | Form | Key | Background[7] |
|---|
| A Ground by Mr. Finger | 26 Division | F major | This piece was originally published in 1700 in the collection Dix Sonatas à I flute e I basse continue as "Ciacona" by Mr. Finger. Finger was a very influential Moravian Baroque composer. Next to many opera and theater compositions he wrote mainly for the viol and the recorder. Later Playford and Walsh took the piece and published it in The Division Violin and The Division Flute. | | A Division to a Ground by Mr. Solomon Eccles | 33 Divisions | flat}} Major | This piece is written by Eccles representing the variation technique of English folk music in the 17th century. The theme is a popular Country-Dance, the Jigg. It was probably taken from Mr. Eccles countless theater compositions. Eccles lived from 1618 until 1683 in England and was a very important theater composer. He was known to be a Quaker and in order to distance himself from church music he burned most of his compositions. | | A Division on a Ground | 14 Divisions | F major | date=December 2015}} | | A Ground by Mr. Solomon Eccles | 39 Divisions | C major | date=December 2015}} | | A Division on a Ground | 10 Divisions | F Major | The Division Violin with the title "Chacone by Mr. Finger" it suggests that the recorder version is also based on Mr. Finger's composition.{{Citation needed>date=December 2015}} | | An Italian Ground | 10 Divisions | D minor | date=December 2015}} | | A Chacone | through-composed | flat}} Major | This is a transcription of a Chaconne for orchestra from the opera "Phaéton" by Jean-Baptiste Lully. The recorder plays the exact part of the first violin, the ground bass is copied from the bass of the orchestra. | | Chacone by Mr. Morgan | through-composed | G Major | This piece is also published in other collections but always as a solo improvisation without the ground bass. | | Division by Mr Hills | through-composed | C Major | date=December 2015}} | | Division by Mr Gorton | through-composed | C Major | | Prelude by Mr Pepusch | AABB | G Major | date=December 2015}} | | Prelude by Mr Pepusch | AABB | F Major | date=December 2015}} | | Prelude by Mr Daniel Purcell | through-composed | F Major | date=December 2015}} | | Prelude by Mr Finger | through-composed | D minor | This is another one of Gottfried Fingers pieces, taken from one of his recorder sonatas. | | Cibell by Mr Henry Purcell | AB | F Major | date=December 2015}} | | Cibell by Signr. Baptist | through-composed | D minor | This piece is also an arrangement of a piece from Lully's opera "Atys" called "Nous devons nous animer". The recorder switches off between playing the first, the second or the bass line of the original. | | Cibell | through-composed | F major | | Cibell by Mr King | AB | F major | Mr. King took the ground bass from his "The Third Book of Theatre Music", published in London in 1699 and wrote variations on it. | | Cibell by Mr King | through-composed | F major | | Cibell by Mr. O | through-composed | A minor | This is the same piece as "Cibell by Mr. King" but in the original key. The prelude and interlude sections are also incorporated into the recorder part. |
References 1. ^Andreas Habert, The Division Flute 1 (Winterthur: Amadeus Verlag, 1987): {{Page needed|date=December 2015}}
2. ^Andreas Habert, The Division Flute 1 (Winterthur: Amadeus Verlag, 1987): {{Page needed|date=December 2015}}.
3. ^Andreas Habert, The Division Flute vol. 1 (Winterthur: Amadeus Verlag, 1987): {{Page needed|date=December 2015}}.
4. ^Frank Kidson, "Handel's Publisher, John Walsh, His Successors, and Contemporaries", The Musical Quarterly 6, no. 3 (October 1920): 430–50, citation on {{Page needed|date=December 2015}}.
5. ^Andreas Habert, The Division Flute 1 (Winterthur: Amadeus Verlag, 1987).
6. ^https://www.acousticmusicarchive.com/greensleeves-chords-lyrics
7. ^Andreas Habert, The Division Flute 2 (Winterthur: Amadeus Verlag, 1987).
{{DEFAULTSORT:Division}} 2 : Compositions for recorder|Compositions for flute |