| 词条 | The Hag of Beara |
| 释义 |
The Hag of Beara is said to have been born in Dingle, County Kerry, at "Teach Mor" or the Great House, described as "the house farthest west in Ireland", and today identified as Tivore on the Dingle promontory.[1] In some telligs, she lived several lives, and is said to have been a mother or foster mother to the ancestors of a number of prominent clans, including the Corca Dhuibhne and Corca Loighdhe.[2] According to legend, the hag had seven successive periods of youth, during which her sons and their sons rose some of the regions most prominent clans. She is said to have worn veil, given to her by Saint Cummine, for a hundred years.[3] LiteratureThe first exant written mention of the hag is in the 12th century "Vision of Mac Conglinne", in which she is named as the "White Nun of Beare".[4] The long Irish language medieval poem, "The Lament of the Hag of Beara", which she narrates, has been described by folklorist Eleanor Hull as "a beautiful example of the wide-spread idea that human life is ruled by the flow and ebb of the sea-tide, with the turn of which life will dwindle, as with the on-coming tide it waxes to its full powers and energy".[5] The narrator is clearly unhappy with her lot, and remembers that in her youth she used to drink "mead and wine" with kings, she now lives a lonely life amid "the gloom of a prayer" and "shriveled old hags".[5][6] The following verses are excerpts from a 1919 translation by Lady Augusta Gregory.[7] {{quote|I am the Hag of Beare, An ever-new smock I used to wear; Today-such is my mean estate- I wear not even a cast-off smock. The maidens rejoice When May-day comes to them; For me sorrow is meeter, I am wretched, I am an old hag. Amen! woe is me! Every acorn has to drop. After feasting by shining candles To be in the gloom of a prayer I had my day with kings, Drinking mead and wine; Today I drink whey-water Among shriveled old hags[8] The manuscript in which the poem is found is held in Trinity College Dublin. The verses are preceded by a passage that identifies her original names as "Dirri", and connects her with three other poetesses: Brigit, Liadan, Uallach.[3] Another old Irish poem, also translated by Lady Gregory, reads {{quote|I am Ireland, Older than the Hag of Beara. Great my pride, I gave birth to brave Cuchulain. Modern Ireland Great my shame, My own children killed their mother. I am Ireland, Lonelier than the Hag of Beara.[6] LandmarksA number of pre-historic archaeological and geographical features in Munster are associated with her,[9] in particular the "Hag of Beara" rock chair, in reality a natural boulder, in Kilcatherine, Bhéara, County Cork, which is said to be either her fossilized remains, or the chair of which she sits waiting for Manannán mac Lir, the god of the sea, variously described as her husband or father.[10] She is sometimes associated with the Hag's Head (Ceann Caillí) rock formation on the southerly most point of the Cliffs of Moher in County Clare. See also
References1. ^1 Hill (1927), p. 226 2. ^Zucchelli (2016), pp.25-26 3. ^1 Hill (1927), p. 228 4. ^Hill (1927), p. 229 5. ^1 Hill (1927), p. 227 6. ^1 Yeats (1934), pp. 256-268 7. ^"The Hag of Beare". digital.library.upenn.edu. Retrieved 30 September 2018 8. ^Lady Gregory (1919), pp. 68-71 9. ^O'Sullivan (2013), p. 12 10. ^Zucchelli (2016), pp. 26-27 Sources{{refbegin}}
2 : Creator goddesses|Irish goddesses |
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