| 词条 | The Immaculate Conception of Los Venerables |
| 释义 |
| title = The Immaculate Conception of Los Venerables | image_file = Murillo - Inmaculada Concepción de los Venerables o de Soult (Museo del Prado, 1678).jpg | image_size = 250 | artist = Bartolomé Esteban Murillo | year = {{circa}} 1678 | medium = Oil on canvas | height_metric = 274 | width_metric = 190 | height_imperial = | width_imperial = | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | museum = Museo del Prado | city = Madrid, Spain }}The Immaculate Conception of Los Venerables or The Immaculate Conception of Soult is an oil painting by the Spanish artist Bartolomé Esteban Murillo. It was painted in {{circa}} 1678, and resides at the Museo del Prado, Madrid. Its dimensions are 274 × 190 cm.[1] HistoryThe work was commissioned from Bartolomé Esteban Murillo by Justino de Neve (1625–1685) according to Juan Agustín Ceán Bermúdez. De Neve was a canon of the Seville Cathedral who was bound for the Hospital de los Venerables in the city of Seville. In Spain since the 16th century the devotion for the Immaculate Conception of Mary had spread. Spain became the main defender of the mystery who fought to make this one of the dogmas of the Catholic Faith, which officially occurred in 1854.[2] During the Peninsular War it was plundered and taken to France by Marshal Soult in 1813 and remained in his family's possession until 1852; the painting's alternative name derives from his name.[3] Soult left behind the frame of the painting which was preserved in Spain and was recently restored. The painting was acquired by the Louvre Museum in 1852, for 615,300 francs; reputedly the largest sum ever paid for painting at that time.[4] It was exhibited for almost a century in the Louvre, during which time Murillo's art became less fashionable. As a result the Vichy Regime agreed to deliver it to Francisco Franco in an exchange of works of art in 1941, together with the Lady of Elche and several pieces of the Treasure of Guarrazar. The Prado exchanged the painting for the portrait of Portrait of Mariana of Austria.[4] Murillo's painting entered in the Prado Museum, while the remaining pieces were taken to the National Archaeological Museum. The painting was restored in the workshop of the Prado in 1981, in preparation for an exhibition dedicated to the artist directed by Federico Sopeña. The restorer of the Prado, Antonio Fernández Sevilla, carried out a careful superficial restoration. During 2007, Murillo's work returned to the Prado's workshop for a more in depth restoration.[5] The artist gained renown thanks to his mastery of the chiaroscuro in the Sevillian tradition as the reason that made him a creditor of many devotional commissions.[4][6] DescriptionMurillo painted some twenty-four works featuring the Immaculate Conception. The Immaculate Conception of Los Venerables is possibly the last he painted following the same ideal formula that he had been using since his first approaches to the subject. In the majority the Virgin Mary appears dressed in a white robe and a blue mantle, with her hands crossed over her chest, with a crescent moon at her feet and with her upraised eyes set on Heaven.[1] The composition, as in this case, usually presents a clear ascension impulse, very baroque, which places the figure of the Virgin Mary in the empyrean space inhabited by light, clouds and angels, combining two iconographic traditions: that of the Immaculate Conception proper and that of the Assumption. It is striking in this Immaculate Conception as in others of the painter the disappearance of the traditional symbols of the Litany of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Marian prayer that is very often associated with the iconography of the Immaculate Conception.[2] Instead of them, Murillo thought about Mary a great glory of angels, painted in the most varied attitudes with a brushstroke very undone, which manages to fuse the figures with the heavenly atmosphere. The faces of the Immaculate Conception and the angels are very realistic and have many details.[4] References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.spainisculture.com/en/obras_de_excelencia/museo_nacional_del_prado/la_inmaculada_concepcion_de_los_venerables_o_de_soult_p02809.html|title=The Immaculate Conception of the Venerables, or of Soult|publisher=Spain Is Culture|accessdate=3 March 2019}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.museodelprado.es/en/the-collection/art-work/the-immaculate-conception-of-los-venerables/76179d81-beaf-4f9e-9a05-ef92340a00d1|title=The Immaculate Conception of Los Venerables|publisher=Museo del Prado|access-date=3 April 2019}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.museodelprado.es/aprende/enciclopedia/voz/soult-nicolas-juan-de-dios-duque-de-dalmacia-y-mar/4bf74f04-0e0d-4ef2-834b-bc28c380c688|title=Soult, Nicolás Juan de Dios, duque de Dalmacia y mariscal de Francia|last=González|first=Enrique Valdivieso|publisher=Museo del Prado|language=Spanish|trans-title=Soult, Nicolás Juan de Dios, Duke of Dalmatia and Marshal of France|access-date=1 April 2019}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=https://www.museodelprado.es/aprende/enciclopedia/voz/inmaculada-concepcion-de-los-venerables-o-de/6bb0aadc-4b8d-48d7-a14f-ca4d45a11e6d|title=Inmaculada Concepción de los Venerables o «de Soult», La [Murillo]|last=González|first=Enrique Valdivieso|publisher=Museo del Prado|language=Spanish|trans-title=Immaculate Conception of the Venerables or «de Soult», La [Murillo]|access-date=3 April 2019}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.museodelprado.es/en/learn/research/studies-and-restorations/resource/the-restoration-of-the-soult-immaculate/e1e52a74-d379-4a43-be6a-ca4afcc62061|title=The Restoration of The Soult Immaculate Conception by Bartolomé Esteban Murillo|publisher=Museo del Prado|access-date=3 April 2019}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.museodelprado.es/en/the-collection/artist/murillo-bartolome-esteban/314440b0-386b-4b11-81f1-d84809e7704e|title=Murillo, Bartolomé Esteban|publisher=Museo del Prado|access-date=3 April 2019}} External links
4 : 1678 paintings|Paintings by Bartolomé Esteban Murillo|Paintings of the Immaculate Conception|Angels in art |
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