| 词条 | The Independent Group | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| country = United Kingdom | name = The Independent Group | colorcode = {{The Independent Group/meta/color}} | logo = The Independent Group Logo.png | leader1_title = Leader | leader1_name = Heidi Allen | leader2_title = Spokesperson | leader2_name = Chuka Umunna | leader3_title = Convener | leader3_name = Gavin Shuker | founders = {{plainlist|
| foundation = {{start date and age|2019|02|18|df= y}} | headquarters = 52 Grosvenor Gardens, London, SW1W 0AU | ideology = Pro-Europeanism | position = Centre | national = | european = | europarl = | international = | split = Labour Party Conservative Party | seats1_title = House of Commons | seats1 = {{Composition bar|11|650|{{The Independent Group/meta/color}}}} | seats2_title = House of Lords | seats2 = {{Composition bar|0|781|{{The Independent Group/meta/color}}}} | merged = | successor = | website = {{URL|https://theindependent.group| theindependent.group}} }} The Independent Group (TIG) is a British pro-EU group of Members of Parliament (MPs) founded in February 2019. Its seven founding members resigned from the Labour Party, citing their dissatisfaction with the Labour leadership's approach to Brexit and its handling of allegations of antisemitism in the party. They have since been joined by another MP who resigned from Labour, citing similar reasons, and by three MPs who resigned from the Conservative Party, citing their opposition to that party's Brexit policies, a lack of concern within the party for the "most vulnerable in society", and what they see as a right-wing takeover of the Conservatives. All members of the group support a second EU referendum, and the group is considered to be centrist. In March 2019, the group announced that it had applied to the Electoral Commission to become a political party under the name Change UK – The Independent Group, with Heidi Allen as interim leader, in order to be able to stand candidates in the event that the UK participates in the May 2019 European elections. The group does not formally have a membership beyond the MPs themselves nor representation in other levels of government of the UK. However, several local councillors have left the Labour Party and declared support for the group. HistoryFormationThe group was founded by Luciana Berger, Ann Coffey, Mike Gapes, Chris Leslie, Gavin Shuker, Angela Smith and Chuka Umunna, who simultaneously announced their resignations from the Labour Party on 18 February 2019. These founding members have been referred to as the "Gang of Seven" by some British commentators, in reference to the Gang of Four who split from the Labour Party to found the Social Democratic Party in 1981.[1][2][3] Four of the number – Berger, Gapes, Shuker and Leslie – were Labour and Co-operative Party MPs: they exited both parties.[4] Announcing the resignations, Berger described Labour as having become "institutionally antisemitic", while Leslie said Labour had been "hijacked by the machine politics of the hard left" and Gapes said he was "furious that the Labour leadership is complicit in facilitating Brexit".[5][5] Shuker, Smith and Leslie, as well as Joan Ryan who would join the following day, had recently lost votes of no-confidence brought by their constituency parties,[6][7] while two motions of no-confidence against Berger had been withdrawn.[6] Umunna rejected the notion of any merger with the Liberal Democrats.[8] On 20 February the Independent Group urged other MPs to join them.[9][10] BeginningsOn the day of the group's launch, founding member Angela Smith appeared on the BBC's Politics Live programme, where she said, in a discussion about racism, that: "The recent history of the party I've just left suggested it's not just about being black or a funny tin... you know, a different... from the BAME community". The offending phrase was partially uttered, but was widely reported to be "funny tinge".[13][14] Smith apologised shortly afterwards, saying, "I'm very upset that I misspoke so badly."[13][11][12] Commentators noted an irony given that the group had been formed in response to perceived racism.[13][14] On 19 February Joan Ryan announced her departure from the Labour Party, becoming the first MP to join after the group's formation.[15][16][17] On 20 February 2019, three Conservative MPs left their party to join the group: Sarah Wollaston, Heidi Allen, and Anna Soubry, citing the handling of Brexit by the Prime Minister (including "red lines" which alienated most Remainers); the party's reliance on the European Research Group (a group supporting a no-deal Brexit) and the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) in passing Brexit-related legislation; what they saw as the takeover of the Conservative Party by "right wing, ... hard-line anti-EU" MPs; and lack of concern from the Conservative Party for the "most vulnerable in society", as reasons for their departure.[18][19] Local governmentIn February 2019, Labour councillors in over ten councils also left the party and intend to align with The Independent Group.[20] Two former Labour councillors in Brighton and Hove Council left the party to form their own independent group on 25 February, aligning with the Parliamentary group.[21] There have been further resignations from the party by Labour councillors in Barnet, Bexley, Derby, Salford, Sheffield and Stafford. With the Independent Group not a registered political party, it is unclear how many councillors support them, but many give the same reasons as the Labour MPs who left the party: alleged antisemitism in Labour, Corbyn's leadership and Brexit.[22] Registration as political partyIn March 2019, the group announced that it had applied to the Electoral Commission to register as a political party under the name "Change UK – The Independent Group", in order to be able to stand candidates if the UK participates in the May 2019 European elections.[23][24] The name has to be approved by the Commission. Heidi Allen was appointed interim leader, pending an inaugural party conference planned for September 2019.[25] Petitions website Change.org announced that it would challenge the branding, which it regarded as having "hijacked" its identity.[26] ReactionsLabour PartyOn 19 February 2019, Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn responded that he was "disappointed" at the MPs' actions.[8][27] Labour Shadow Chancellor John McDonnell said that the Independent Group MPs had a "responsibility" to resign and fight by-elections, as they had been elected as Labour MPs and should seek the approval of the electorate for their new platform.[8] Other Labour Party figures stressed reflection, with deputy leader Tom Watson imploring his party to change in order to stave off further defections.[28] Jon Lansman, the founder of Momentum, said he had "personal sympathy" for Berger because of the "hate and abuse" she had suffered. However, the six other former Labour MPs were, in his opinion, malcontents opposed to Corbyn's leadership.[8] On 19 February, Labour MP Ruth George, who had been asked to respond to a Facebook comment suggesting the group's financial backers were "Israelis", replied that "Support from the State of Israel, which supports both Conservative and Labour ‘Friends of Israel’ of which Luciana was chair is possible and I would not condemn those who suggest it, especially when the group's financial backers are not being revealed". After Jewish groups said that she was indulging an antisemitic conspiracy theory, she apologised and withdrew her comment.[29][30][31] On 25 February, the Labour Party announced that it would back moves for a second EU referendum in the coming weeks, a move interpreted as being, in part, in reaction to the threat of further defections to The Independent Group.[32][33] On 19 March, MPs passed a motion put forward by Labour to remove Gapes, as well as non-TIG independent Ian Austin, from their seats on the Foreign Affairs Select Committee they held as part of the Labour Party's allocation. They were replaced by Labour MPs Conor McGinn and Catherine West. Gapes called the move "a sad day for the independence of Select Committees", while Labour said that it was right that the party filled its allocation of seats on the committees. It was reported that Chris Leslie would face a similar vote on his International Trade Select Committee seat, but that there were no plans to remove Berger from her seat on the Health Select Committee.[34] Conservative PartyOn 20 February 2019, Prime Minister and Conservative leader Theresa May stated that she was "saddened" by the departure of Anna Soubry, Sarah Wollaston and Heidi Allen.[18] Former Conservative Prime Minister David Cameron wrote in a statement on Twitter that he respected but disagreed with the three MPs' decision, as the party needs "strong voices at every level of the party calling for the modern, compassionate Conservatism that saw the Conservative Party return to office."[35] Liberal DemocratsOn 18 February 2019, before the breakaway, Liberal Democrats leader Vince Cable said that his party would "work with them in some form" but that his party would not be "subsumed" by them.[36][37] On 19 February, Cable later added that he has "offered a hand of friendship to the new Independent Group" and sees "the way forward as a collaborative arrangement, a confederation of groups who have a lot in common".[38] On 20 February Cable also suggested that the Liberal Democrats will not put up candidates against members of the Independent Group at future elections.[39] On 21 February former Liberal Democrat leader Tim Farron said in a radio interview that it was "entirely possible" that the two groups could merge to form a new centrist political party.[40] On 23 February, Cable contacted members of The Independent Group to seek support for his proposed parliamentary motion for a second Brexit referendum.[41] The Liberal Democrats signalled support for the amendment, along with the Scottish National Party and Plaid Cymru.[42] In March 2019, it was reported by Business Insider that the Liberal Democrats and The Independent Group have held discussions about the possibility of forming an electoral alliance where joint candidates would stand under the same "umbrella".[43] Structure and aimsThe group was not launched as a registered political party with a leader, but rather a group of independent MPs with a convenor (Gavin Shuker),[44] and spokesperson (Chuka Umunna).[45] The group's March 2019 application to the Electoral Commission, if approved, will form the party "Change UK – The Independent Group" with Allen as an interim leader.[25] The Independent Group was established without a formal policy platform. The group is expressly pro-European, supporting calls for a further referendum on the UK's membership of the European Union, and is considered to be centrist.[46][47] The group's slogan is "Politics is broken. Let’s change it", and it states that it aims to pursue evidence-led policies, rather than those led by ideology, with the group being tolerant of differing opinions. Specific stated values include social market economy, freedom of press, environmentalism, devolution, subsidiarity,[48] and their opposition to Brexit.[49] All eleven MPs support a second referendum on the EU.[49] Through the group has not published a manifesto, its members follow a set of eleven "values", the most important of which is the belief that the government must do "whatever it takes" to protect national security, as Britain is "a great country of which people are rightly proud."[50] Shuker has stated that "[we] back well-regulated business but in return we expect them to provide decent, secure and well-paid jobs" and Leslie has stressed that the group is pro-NATO.[49] Moreover, the group has stated it supports a "diverse, mixed social market economy".[51] Umunna published a personal, unofficial series of policies that he believes reflect the values and principles of TIG in order to prompt discussion. These include: prioritising public benefit in utilities, to counter privatisation; tackling excessive pay in the board room; means-testing tuition fees and reintroducing maintenance grants; funding universal childcare by equalising rates of tax on income and dividends; a new tax to fund the NHS in response to an ageing population; a 'Citizen's Service' for school leavers; and state funding for political parties to counter corruption by rich individuals.[52] On 14 March 2019, Wollaston's amendment calling for a second EU referendum was called by the speaker, the first TIG amendment to be called. This was the first time that parliament had the opportunity to directly vote on a second referendum.[53] However, after both the People's Vote and Best for Britain campaigns advised supporters not to vote for the amendment[54] and the Labour Party whipped its MPs to abstain, the amendment fell 85–334.[55] FundingThe group is supported in its aims by The Independent Group (TIG) Ltd (previously named Gemini A Ltd), a non-trading company started by Shuker and registered in England and Wales.[56][57] Berger stated that the seven founders funded the launch themselves.[10][58] The group claimed that thousands of donors gave small amounts within days of the launch.[59] On 23 February 2019 David Garrard, previously a major donor to the Labour Party, told The Observer that he had given financial support to the group.[60] A "significant" donation to the group was later made by crossbencher Lord Myners, the former City Minister under Labour Prime Minister Gordon Brown.[61] Were the group to form a party it would not be entitled to parliamentary financial assistance for opposition parties (Short Money) as it is not available to political parties established in the middle of a parliamentary term.[62] Umunna has stated that he expects The Independent Group to be held to the same standards as political parties in terms of funding and transparency while not being a formal party.[58] The group has said it will disclose donations in line with law that governs donations for political parties, i.e. only accepting money from UK donors and naming individuals who give more than £7,500.[63] Shortly after its formation, the group held a meeting with the Electoral Commission to discuss reporting of political donations to the group and its individual MPs.[64] Members of Parliament
See also
Examples of previous party splits: {{div col|colwidth=30em}}
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2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218134948/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/feb/02/rebel-labour-mps-set-to-quit-party-and-form-centre-group|archive-date=18 February 2019|dead-url=no}} 47. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/politics/everything-we-still-dont-know-about-the-new-centre-party|title=Could the new Independent Group bring down the government—and prompt a general election?|last=|first=|date=20 February 2019|website=Prospect magazine|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=25 March 2019|quote=The whole idea of the new centrist proto-party...}} 48. ^{{cite web|url=https://theindependent.group/statement|title=Statement of Independence|date=18 February 2019|accessdate=18 February 2019|work=The Independent Group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218101515/https://www.theindependent.group/statement|archive-date=18 February 2019|dead-url=no}} 49. ^1 2 {{cite news |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk/2019/02/qa-who-are-independent-group-and-what-do-they-stand |title=Q&A: Who are the Independent Group and what do they stand for? |work=The New Statesman |author=Maguire, Patrick |date=18 February 2019 |accessdate=18 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218155003/https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk/2019/02/qa-who-are-independent-group-and-what-do-they-stand |archive-date=18 February 2019 |dead-url=no }} 50. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-47305860 |title=The Independent Group: Who are they and what do they stand for? |work=BBC News |date=21 February 2019 |accessdate=22 February 2019}} 51. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.newstatesman.com/labour-party-split-independent-group-mps|title=Seven Labour MPs break from party to form Independent Group|last=Bush|first=Stephen|date=18 February 2019|work=The New Statesman|accessdate=18 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218155236/https://www.newstatesman.com/labour-party-split-independent-group-mps|archive-date=18 February 2019|dead-url=no}} 52. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.progressive-centre.com/publications|title=What are progressives for?|last=Umunna|first=Chuka|date=8 March 2019|website=Progressive Centre UK|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=9 March 2019}} 53. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/mar/14/cross-party-group-submits-motion-to-take-parliamentary-control-of-brexit|title=MPs to vote on second Brexit referendum for first time|last=Sabbagh|first=Dan|date=14 March 2019|work=The Guardian|access-date=14 March 2019|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}} 54. ^{{cite news|title=MPs could vote on second referendum after the speaker selects amendment|url=https://www.theneweuropean.co.uk/top-stories/house-of-commons-amendments-1-5936878|first=Jonathon|last=Read|date=14 March 2019|access-date=15 March 2019|work=The New European}} 55. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-politics-47575445/mps-reject-a-second-brexit-referendum-by-334-votes-to-85|title=MPs reject a second Brexit referendum by 334 votes to 85|date=14 March 2019|access-date=14 March 2019|work=BBC News}} 56. ^{{Cite web|url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/11770529 |title=Gemini A Ltd – Overview |publisher = Companies House|access-date= 25 February 2019}} 57. ^{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.totalpolitics.com/articles/diary/labour%E2%80%99s-gang-seven-what-we-know-about-their-moves-so-far|title=Labour's gang of seven: what we know about their moves so far|date=18 February 2019|magazine =Total Politics|author= Singleton, David|access-date=18 February 2019}} 58. ^1 {{Cite news |url=https://inews.co.uk/news/politics/who-funds-independent-group-labour-tory-split-donors-donations |title=Who funds The Independent Group? Breakaway MPs pledge to reveal major donors as it receives small donations from thousands |last=Guyoncourt |first=Sally |date=21 February 2019 |work=i |access-date=21 February 2019}} 59. ^{{cite news |last1=Guyoncourt |first1=Sally |title=Who funds The Independent Group? Breakaway MPs pledge to reveal major donors as it receives small donations from thousands |url=https://inews.co.uk/news/politics/who-funds-independent-group-labour-tory-split-donors-donations/ |accessdate=29 March 2019 |work=inews.co.uk |date=21 February 2019}} 60. ^{{cite news|url= https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/feb/23/corbyn-told-change-course-before-its-too-late-for-labour-michael-savage|title=Corbyn told: change course before it’s too late for Labour|last=Savage|first=Michael|date= 23 February 2019|accessdate=23 February 2019|work=The Guardian}} 61. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/independent-group-donor-lord-myners-chuka-umunna-anna-soubry-a8834606.html|title=Former minister reveals 'significant' donation to The Independent Group|date=2019-03-22|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=2019-04-01}} 62. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/17443066.funding-blow-for-breakaway-mp-group/?ref=twtrec|title=Funding blow for breakaway MP group|last=Gordon|first=Tom|date=19 February 2019|newspaper=The Herald|accessdate=20 February 2019|location=Glasgow}} 63. ^{{cite news|author1=Pegg, David |author2=Waterson, Jim |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/feb/19/independent-group-criticised-for-not-registering-as-political-party |title=Independent Group criticised for not registering as political party |work=The Guardian |date=19 February 2019 |accessdate=20 February 2019}} 64. ^{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/ElectoralCommUK/status/1098574322992582658|title=We've had our first meeting with The Independent Group.pic.twitter.com/CSKTy6Uh9n|author=Electoral Commission (United Kingdom)|date=21 February 2019|accessdate= 24 February 2019}} 65. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/mar/01/chuka-umunna-named-spokesman-independent-group-mps-policy-responsibilities-roles |title=Chuka Umunna named spokesman for the Independent Group |last=Sabbagh |first=Dan |work=The Guardian |date=28 February 2019 |accessdate=28 February 2019}} External links
8 : 2019 establishments in the United Kingdom|Antisemitism in the United Kingdom|Brexit|Conservative Party (UK) breakaway groups|February 2019 events in the United Kingdom|Independent politicians in the United Kingdom|Labour Party (UK) breakaway groups|Organizations established in 2019 |
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