| 词条 | American three-toed woodpecker |
| 释义 |
| name = Three-toed woodpecker | image = American Three-toed Woodpecker - Picoides dorsalis (Male).jpg | image_caption = adult male | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | genus = Picoides | species = dorsalis | authority = (Baird, 1858) | range_map = American Three-toed Woodpecker Picoides dorsalis distribution map 2.png | range_map_caption = American three-toed woodpecker range.[2] A small portion of the Eurasian three-toed woodpecker P. tridactylus range is visible too.{{Refn|group=n|name=IUCN_maps}} | range_map2 = Eurasian and American Three-toed Woodpecker Picoides tridactylus and P. (t.) dorsalis distribution map.png | range_map2_caption = Eurasian and American three-toed woodpeckers ranges.[2]{{Refn|group=n|name=IUCN_maps|IUCN (the source of spatial data of ranges in these maps) does not recognize P. (tridactylus) dorsalis as separate species.[2]}} }} The American three-toed woodpecker (Picoides dorsalis) is a medium-sized woodpecker (family Picidae), which is native to North America. DescriptionThis woodpecker has a length of {{convert|21|cm|abbr=on}}, a wingspan of {{convert|38|cm|abbr=on}}, and an average weight of {{convert|55|g|abbr=on}}; its maximum lifespan in the wild is 6 years.[3] It closely resembles the black-backed woodpecker, which is also three-toed. Until recently, it was considered to be the same species as the Eurasian three-toed woodpecker, P. tridactylus.[4] Adults are black on the head, wings and rump, and white from the throat to the belly; the flanks are white with black bars. The back is white with black bars and the tail is black with the white outer feathers barred with black. The adult male has a yellow cap. BreedingThe breeding habitat is coniferous forests across western Canada, Alaska and the western United States. It has also been breeding in various spots in Michigan's upper peninsula, and has been recorded breeding in Minnesota five times. The female lays 3 to 7 but most often 4 eggs in a nest cavity in a dead conifer or sometimes a live tree or pole. The pair excavates a new nest each year. Movements and foragingThis bird is normally a permanent resident, but northern birds may move south and birds at high elevations may move to lower levels in winter. Three-toed woodpeckers forage on conifers in search of wood-boring beetle larvae or other insects. They may also eat fruit and tree sap. These birds often move into areas with large numbers of insect-infested trees, often following a forest fire or flooding. This bird is likely to give way to the black-backed woodpecker where the two species compete for habitat. Subspecies
Notes1. ^{{IUCN|id=22733207 |title=Picoides dorsalis |assessor=BirdLife International |assessor-link=BirdLife International |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}} 2. ^1 2 BirdLife International and NatureServe (2014) Bird Species Distribution Maps of the World. 2014. Picoides tridactylus. In: IUCN 2014. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. {{cite web|url=http://www.iucnredlist.org |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-06-27 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627000000/http://www.iucnredlist.org/ |archivedate=2014-06-27 |df= }}. Downloaded on 26 May 2015. 3. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Wasser | first1 = D. E. | last2 = Sherman | first2 = P. W. | doi = 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00671.x | title = Avian longevities and their interpretation under evolutionary theories of senescence | journal = Journal of Zoology | volume = 280 | issue = 2 | pages = 103 | year = 2010 | pmid = | pmc = }} 4. ^{{cite journal |first=Robert M. |last= Zink |first2= Sievert |last2=Rohwer |first3= Alexander V. |last3=Andreev |first4=Donna |last4=Dittman |title = Trans-Beringia Comparisons of Mitochondrial DNA Differentiation in Birds |url= http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/condor/v097n03/p0639-p0649.pdf |date=July 1995 |journal= Condor |volume=97 |issue=3 |pages=639–649 |doi=10.2307/1369173 |publisher=Cooper Ornithological Society |jstor=1369173}} References{{Reflist}}External links
6 : Picoides|Native birds of Alaska|Birds of Canada|Native birds of the Northwestern United States|Native birds of the Rocky Mountains|Birds described in 1858 |
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