| 词条 | The Movement (populist group) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| formation = 2017 (registration), 2019 (relaunch) | type = Nonprofit organization | leader_name = Steve Bannon | key_people = {{ubl|Steve Bannon – Founder|Mischaël Modrikamen – Executive director[1]|Matteo Salvini – Founding member}} | name = The Movement | founder = Steve Bannon | location = Brussels (designated headquarters) | staff = 10 (to be hired) | region = Europe }}The Movement is a Brussels-based far-right[2] organization founded by Steve Bannon of the United States to promote right-wing populist groups in Europe that are opposed to the EU governments and political structures of Europe.[2][3] The organization is expected to hire 10 full-time staff in Brussels before the European Parliament election in 2019.[4][5] In January 2017, Mischaël Modrikamen, leader of the Belgian People's Party, officially registered the group.[6][7] BackgroundBannon initially discussed his plans for the organization with The Daily Beast, saying he wanted to create a populist "supergroup" bloc that could win up to a third of all 700+ MEP seats. He said he thought of the idea when he was invited to speak at an event hosted by Marine Le Pen.[8] Bannon also believes that Sweden's 2018 elections created the perfect timing to launch The Movement.[9] The Movement stands as a counterpoint to George Soros' Open Society. Bannon has referred to Soros as "evil but brilliant", and expressed a desire to promote nationalism instead of globalism.[8] Interest and supportIn July 2018, Bannon and other former and current staff of Donald Trump met with the Prime Minister of Republika Srpska, Željka Cvijanović, in Washington, D.C., attempting to expand influence in the Balkans.[10][11] The Movement has attracted the attention of Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán, who spoke positively of the group.[12] It was reported in September 2018 that Italy's Matteo Salvini had joined Bannon's new eurosceptic network.[13] UKIP stated they will work with the group.[14] Since then, The Movement has also attracted the attention of Geert Wilders, leader of the biggest opposition party in the Netherlands, the eurosceptic Party for Freedom, and Thierry Baudet, leader of another eurosceptic opposition party in the Netherlands Forum for Democracy.[15] Wilders said he has arranged to meet Bannon in the Netherlands to discuss the group.[9] It is reported France's National Rally party, led by Marine Le Pen, will be joining The Movement.[16] Luigi Di Maio, leader of the Italian Eurosceptic party M5S, recently met with Bannon and spoke positively of The Movement, although he remains ambivalent on whether or not he will join.[17]In February 2019, it was reported that Eduardo Bolsonaro, son of newly elected Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro, will be its representative in South America.[18][19] CriticismDespite gains made by the group, the co-leader of the Alternative for Germany, Alexander Gauland rejected The Movement as an American conception and criticized its projections. He stated: "Mr Bannon will not succeed in forging an alliance of the like-minded for the European elections" citing what he believes to be their diverging viewpoints.[20] The next day, the Freedom Party of Austria's secretary general Harald Vilimsky stated his party, like Gauland's, is also unwilling to cooperate with Bannon, reiterating the party's independence and rejecting American influence in the populist movements of Europe.[21] UKIP leader Gerard Batten stated in September 2018 that his party has no intentions of joining The Movement, saying UKIP "doesn't fit" into what Bannon proposes across Europe, and the party will instead pursue aims "for the British people".[22]In October 2018, Marine Le Pen downplayed Bannon's plans for The Movement, saying that only Europeans would be "the political force behind the EU elections (...) to save Europe".[23] Speaking to the Dziennik Gazeta Prawna, Law and Justice (PiS) MEP Karol Karski said that this was not an offer for his party. Karski states that PiS would never support European parties working with Russia, such as the National Front or Alternative for Germany. According to Karski, Bannon's offer is "for those who want to smash the EU."[24] Collaborators
References1. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/07/world/europe/italy-steve-bannon-matteo-salvini.html |title=Steve Bannon's 'Movement' Enlists Italy's Most Powerful Politician |newspaper=The New York Times |date=7 September 2018 |first=Jason |last=Horowitz |access-date=10 September 2018 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Movement (Populist Group), The}}2. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/steve-bannon-the-movement-europe-populist-nationalism-trump-a8557156.html|title=How Steve Bannon is evangelising Trump-style politics across Europe|date=27 September 2018|website=The Independent}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20180923-bannon-rome-fratelli-italia-salvini-european-elections|title=Bannon vows to set up 'war rooms' to boost anti-EU radical right|date=23 September 2018|website=France 24}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/steve-bannon-moving-europe-movement-foundation-far-right-wing-politics-george-soros-a8458641.html|title=Steve Bannon to set up 'The Movement' foundation to boost far-right across Europe|last=Stubley|first=Peter|date=|website=The Independent|access-date=9 September 2018}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/worried-steve-bannon-movement-180810113052182.html|title=How worried should we be about Steve Bannon's 'Movement'?|last=Goodfellow|first=Maya|date=10 August 2018|website=Aljazeera|access-date=9 September 2018}} 6. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eu-parliament-bannon/bannons-eu-project-eyes-government-allies-idUSKBN1KF2BN |title=Bannon's EU project eyes government allies |date=25 July 2018 |agency=Reuters |first=Alastair |last=Macdonald |access-date=9 September 2018 }} 7. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eu-parliament-bannon/belgian-lawyer-launches-trump-inspired-anti-eu-movement-idUSKBN1KE2BJ |title=Belgian lawyer launches Trump-inspired anti-EU movement |agency=Reuters |date=24 July 2018 |first=Alastair |last=Macdonald |access-date=10 September 2018 }} 8. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/steve-bannon-plans-brussels-based-foundation-the-movement-for-eu-far-right/a-44774972|title=Steve Bannon plans Brussels-based foundation 'The Movement' for EU far-right|last=|first=|date=21 July 2018|website=Deutsche Welle|access-date=9 September 2018}} 9. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2018/0911/Steve-Bannon-hopes-to-unite-Europe-s-populists-under-The-Movement|date=11 September 2018|website=The Christian Science Monitor|title=Steve Bannon hopes to unite Europe's populists under 'The Movement'|first1=Mark|last1=Bendeich|first2=Crispian|last2=Balmer|agency=Reuters|access-date=13 September 2018}} 10. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nybooks.com/daily/2018/09/05/why-bannon-is-meddling-with-bosnia/ |title=Why Bannon Is Meddling With Bosnia |newspaper=The New York Review of Books |date=7 September 2018 |first=Krithika |last=Varagur|access-date=10 September 2018 }} 11. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.tol.org/client/article/27942-bosnia-politics-elections-steve-bannon-trump-dodik.html |title=Ex-Trump Staffers Court Bosnian Serbs |newspaper=Transitions Online |date=7 September 2018 |first=Ky |last=Krauthamer|access-date=10 September 2018 }} 12. ^{{Cite web|url=http://hungarianspectrum.org/2018/07/30/viktor-orban-welcomes-steve-bannons-efforts-on-behalf-of-the-european-far-right/|date=30 July 2018|website=Hungarian Spectrum|access-date=12 September 2018|title=Viktor Orbán Welcomes Steve Bannon's Efforts on Behalf of the European Far Right}} 13. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/08/italy-matteo-salvini-joins-steve-bannon-european-populist-group-movement|title=Italy's Matteo Salvini joins Bannon's European populist group|last=Tondo|first=Lorenzo|date=8 September 2018|website=The Guardian|access-date=9 September 2018}} 14. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/steve-bannon-movement-ukip-brexit-a8464846.html|title=Ukip to team up in 'unholy alliance' with Steve Bannon's new far right European movement|last=Stone|first=Jon|date=|website=The Independent|access-date=9 September 2018}} 15. ^{{Cite web|url=https://sputniknews.com/world/201809181068142291-bannon-european-union-populist-parties/|title=The Movement: What is Steve Bannon Cooking up in Europe?|last=Rivet|first=Luc|date=|website=Sputnik International|access-date=19 September 2018}} 16. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.ft.com/content/57749590-bb3b-11e8-94b2-17176fbf93f5 |newspaper=Financial Times |access-date=19 September 2018 |title=Marine Le Pen’s far-right party to join Bannon populist project |url-access=subscription }} 17. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/steve-bannon-italy-europe-the-movement-experiment-will-change-global-politics/|title=Steve Bannon: Italian experiment ‘will change global politics’|last=Borelli|first=Silvia|date=|website=Politico|access-date=19 September 2018}} 18. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-02-02/jair-bolsonaro-s-son-joins-steve-bannon-s-nationalist-alliance |title=Jair Bolsonaro's Son Joins Steve Bannon's Nationalist Alliance |work=Bloomberg |first=Daniel |last=Zuidijk |date=2 February 2019 |access-date=3 February 2019 }} 19. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20190202-son-brazil-president-bolsonaro-joins-steve-bannon-group |title=Son of Brazil President Bolsonaro joins Steve Bannon group |work=France24 |date=2 February 2019 |access-date=3 February 2019 }} 20. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/08/11/german-far-right-rebuffs-steve-bannons-effort-forge-europe-wide/|title=German far Right rebuffs Steve Bannon's effort to forge Europe-wide populist movement|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=11 August 2018|website=The Telegraph|access-date=9 September 2018}} 21. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/austrias-far-right-unwilling-to-collaborate-with-bannon/|title=Austria's far-right unwilling to collaborate with Bannon|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=12 September 2018|newspaper=The Times of Israel|access-date=19 September 2018}} 22. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-ukip/ukip-will-not-join-steve-bannons-anti-eu-movement-says-leader-idUSKCN1M10Q8/|title=UKIP will not join Steve Bannon's anti-EU movement, says leader|date=21 September 2018|newspaper=Reuters|access-date=21 September 2018|first=William|last=James}} 23. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/08/marine-le-pen-steve-bannon-has-no-part-to-play-in-saving-europe |title=Marine Le Pen: Steve Bannon has no part to play in 'saving Europe' |newspaper=The Guardian |date=8 October 2018 |first=Angela |last=Giuffreda |access-date=8 October 2018 }} 24. ^{{cite web |url=http://auslandsdienst.pl/3/25/Artykul/375061,PiS-will-nicht-an-Zerschlagung-der-EU-teilnehmen|title=PiS will nicht an Zerschlagung der EU teilnehmen|trans-title=PiS does not want to participate in smashing the EU|language=de|publisher=Polskie Radio|date=27 September 2017|first=Piotr|last=Siemiński|access-date=2 February 2019}} 5 : 2017 establishments in Belgium|Euroscepticism|Pan-European nationalism|Right-wing populism in Europe|Steve Bannon |
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