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Theophilus MacCartan (1700–1778) was an Irish Roman Catholic Prelate and Bishop of Down and Connor.

He served as Bishop of Down and Connor from 10/9/1760 until his death 16/12/1778.^[1]

MacCartan was a scion of a long established family McCartan in the wider Barony of Kinelarty, one of the seven baronies in County Down. It is the most central and contains the towns of Ballynahinch, Saintfield, Downpatrick, Clough, Dundrum, Newcastle and Castlewellan.^[2]

His early life and education took place against the backdrop of the Penal Laws and so firm details are scarce. But a generally respected source, writing at the end of the nineteenth century, asserts that the future bishop was born in Aughnagon near Mayobridge around 1700.^[3]

He was ordained priest at Ballykinlar by Bishop John Armstrong (1727-1739) and, as was often the case in the eighteenth century, was sent to study theology after ordination: in his case at the Sorbonne.^[4] Sometime around 1737 it is believed he was appointed parish parish of Loughinisland and erected the first church there.^[5]

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There is a record of the then bishop and his kinsman Dominic McCartan from Clonvarghan House each subscribing £5 so that the popular devotional book Imitation of Christ by Thomas a Kempis could be translated into Irish.^[6] An early twentieth century account of the Bishops of Down and Connor suggests that Bishop MacCartan "always preached in Irish" and that it was during his episcopate that the first relaxation in the penal code was made.^[7] O'Laverty in his history of the diocese notes that MacCartan's sermons in Irish were remembered in the diocese for more than a generation after his death.

In 1773 he donated a chalice for use by any priest of the name McCartan, or the most senior priest of that name, in either the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dromore or his native Down and Connor. The chalice has been in continuous use since and there is a well-established historical record of the priests who have used this chalice.^[8]

His last will and testament has been preserved and much of the what is known about him and his episcopal ministry is drawn from that document drawn up days before his died.^[9] He is buried in Loughinisland, the parish which had been so central to his priestly and episcopal ministry.^[10]

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