词条 | The Politics of Social Change in the Middle East and North Africa |
释义 |
Neo-Islamic TotalitarianismHalpern describes the Muslim Brotherhood and similar Islamist movements as a new kind of "Neo-Islamic Totalitarianism" best understood as a uniquely Islamic form of fascism. He argued that it is distinctive in drawing on a deeply Islamic apocalyptic tradition whereby at times of crises "an apocalyptic vision of spiritual and political redemption" comes to the fore. That modernity and urbanization deprived enormous numbers of people of livelihoods, and attracting many to faith and to an ideological rejection of material goods, while the literacy produced by urban life and modernity enable them to access religious texts. And that Islamic fascism drew these seekers to charismatic leaders who offered "an intoxicating sense of nihilism" in an atmosphere in which leaders made martyrdom into a spiritual goal and followers were "sent to death as robots" with the "illusion of dying as martyrs". [2]He described the Muslim Brotherhood as aiming to unify all Muslims under a new caliphate.[2] CriticismFrédéric Volpi argues that Halpern's work represents a mix of mid-Cold War and orientalism. [3] References1. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Kramer|first1=Martin|title=The War on Error|date=2016|publisher=Trnasaction Publishers|page=72|accessdate=24 December 2016}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=MacDonald|first1=David Bruce|title=Thinking History, Fighting Evil|date=2009|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=0739125036|page=99}} 3. ^{{cite journal |title = Political Islam in the Mediterranean: the view from democratization studies |last = Volpi |first = Frédéric |journal = Democratization |volume = 16 |issue = 1 |year = 2009 |pages = 22f |url = https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/media/school-of-international-relations/bsmes/documents/political-islam-in-the-mediterranean.pdf |ref = harv |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161225215312/https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/media/school-of-international-relations/bsmes/documents/political-islam-in-the-mediterranean.pdf |archivedate = 2016-12-25 |df = }} 5 : Islam and politics|Books about Islamism|Middle Eastern studies in the United States|Islamism|Fascism |
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