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词条 Ammonium acetate
释义

  1. Uses

     Buffer  Other   Food additive  

  2. Production

  3. References

  4. External links

{{chembox|Verifiedfields=changed|Watchedfields=changed|verifiedrevid=444918095|Name=Ammonium acetate|ImageFile=Ammonium-acetate-2D.png|ImageSize=100px|ImageName=Ammonium acetate skeletal formula|ImageFile1=Ammonium-acetate-3D-balls.png|ImageSize1=100px|ImageName1=Ball-and-stick model of ammonium acetate|ImageFile2=|ImageSize2=200px|ImageName2=Crystalline of ammonium acetate|IUPACName=Ammonium ethanoate|OtherNames=|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = RRE756S6Q2
| InChI = 1/C2H4O2.H3N/c1-2(3)4;/h1H3,(H,3,4);1H3
| SMILES = O=C(O)C.N
| InChIKey = USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYAY
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C2H4O2.H3N/c1-2(3)4;/h1H3,(H,3,4);1H3
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 631-61-8
| RTECS = AF3675000
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID=11925
| PubChem=517165
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEBI=62947
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| N=1 | H=7 | C=2 | O=2
| Appearance = White solid crystals, deliquescent
| Odor = Slightly acetic
| Density = 1.17 g/cm3 (20 °C)[1]
1.073 g/cm3 (25 °C)
| SolubleOther = Soluble in alcohol, SO2, acetone, liquid ammonia[2]
| Solubility = 102 g/100 mL (0 °C)
148 g/100 mL (4 °C)[1]
143 g/100 mL (20 °C)
533 g/100 mL (80 °C)
| Solubility1 = 7.89 g/100 mL (15 °C)[4][1]
131.24 g/100 g (94.2 °C)[2]
| Solvent1 = methanol
| Solubility2 = 0.1 g/100 g[2]
| Solvent2 = dimethylformamide
| MeltingPtC = 113
| MeltingPt_notes =[3]
| BoilingPtC =
| BoilingPt_notes =
| pKa = 9.9
| pKb = 33
| Viscosity = 21
| MagSus = -41.1·10−6 cm3/mol
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct = Orthorhombic
|Section4={{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = −615 kJ/mol[2]
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS = JT Baker
| MainHazards = Irritant
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS07}}[4]
| GHSSignalWord = Warning
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|303|316|320|333}}[4]
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|281|335}}[4]
| RPhrases =
| SPhrases =
| NFPA-H = 1
| NFPA-F = 1
| NFPA-R = 1
| NFPA_ref = [4]
| FlashPtC = 136
| FlashPt_notes = [4]
| LD50 = 386 mg/kg (mice, intravenous)[2]
}}Ammonium acetate, also known as spirit of Mindererus in aqueous solution, is a chemical compound with the formula NH4CH3CO2. It is a white, hygroscopic solid and can be derived from the reaction of ammonia and acetic acid. It is available commercially.[5]

Uses

It is the main precursor to acetamide:[6]

NH4CH3CO2 → CH3C(O)NH2 + H2O

It is also used as a diuretic.[5]

Buffer

As the salt of a weak acid and a weak base, ammonium acetate is often used with acetic acid to create a buffer solution. Ammonium acetate is volatile at low pressures. Because of this, it has been used to replace cell buffers with non-volatile salts in preparing samples for mass spectrometry.[7] It is also popular as a buffer for mobile phases for HPLC with ELSD detection for this reason. Other volatile salts that have been used for this include ammonium formate.

Other

  • a biodegradable de-icing agent.
  • a catalyst in the Knoevenagel condensation and as a source of ammonia in the Borch reaction in organic synthesis.
  • a protein precipitating reagent in dialysis to remove contaminants via diffusion.
  • a reagent in agricultural chemistry used a reagent for determination of soil CEC (Cation Exchange Capacity ) and determination of available potassium in soil, the ammonium ion acts as a replacement cation for potassium.

Food additive

Ammonium acetate is also used as a food additive as an acidity regulator; INS number 264. It is approved for usage in Australia and New Zealand.[8]

Production

Ammonium acetate is produced by the neutralization of acetic acid with ammonium carbonate or by saturating glacial acetic acid with ammonia.[9] Obtaining crystalline ammonium acetate is difficult on account of its hygroscopic nature.

References

1. ^1 2 {{cite book|last = Pradyot|first = Patnaik|year = 2003|title = Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals|publisher = The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.|isbn = 0-07-049439-8}}
2. ^1 2 3 4 http://chemister.ru/Database/properties-en.php?dbid=1&id=354
3. ^{{cite journal|last1=Davidson|first1=Arthur W.|last2=McAllister|first2=Walter H.|title=SOLUTIONS OF SALTS IN PURE ACETIC ACID. II. SOLUBILITIES OF ACETATES1|journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society|volume=52|issue=2|year=1930|pages=507–519|issn=0002-7863|doi=10.1021/ja01365a010}}
4. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|url = http://reports.tedia.com/msds/M0009.pdf|title = Safety Data Sheet of Ammonium Acetate|date = 2011-08-12|website=tedia.com|publisher = Tedia Company Inc.|accessdate = 2014-06-10}}
5. ^1 {{Ullmann | author1 = Hosea Cheung | author2 = Robin S. Tanke | author3 = G. Paul Torrence | title = Acetic Acid | doi = 10.1002/14356007.a01_045.pub2}}
6. ^{{ OrgSynth | author = Coleman, G. H. |author2=Alvarado, A. M. | title = Acetamide | volume = 3 | pages = 3 | collvol = 1 | collvolpages = 3 | year = 1923 | prep = cv1p0003 }}
7. ^{{cite journal | year = 2008 | title = Preparation of single cells for imaging/profiling mass spectrometry| journal = J Am Soc Mass Spectrom | volume = 19 | issue = | pages = 1230–1236 | doi=10.1016/j.jasms.2008.05.006 | last1 = Berman | first1 = Elena S. F. | last2 = Fortson | first2 = Susan L. | last3 = Checchi | first3 = Kyle D. | last4 = Wu | first4 = Ligang | last5 = Felton | first5 = James S. | last6 = Kuang Jen | first6 = J. Wu | last7 = Kulp | first7 = Kristen S.}}
8. ^Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code {{cite web |url=http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2011C00827 |title=Standard 1.2.4 - Labelling of ingredients |accessdate=2011-10-27}}
9. ^{{cite book|last=Brannt|first=William|title=A practical treatise on the manufacture of vinegar|year=1914|publisher=Henry Carey Baird & Co.|location=Lancaster, PA |pages=316–317|url=https://archive.org/details/practicaltreatman00branrich}}

External links

{{Commons category|Ammonium acetate}}{{clear}}{{Acetates}}

2 : Ammonium compounds|Acetates
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