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词条 Timeline of Durban
释义

  1. 19th century

  2. 20th century

     1900s-1950s  1960s-1990s 

  3. 21st century

  4. See also

  5. References

  6. Bibliography

     published in 19th-20th centuries  published in 21st century 

  7. External links

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Durban in the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa.

{{Dynamic list}}{{TOC right}}

19th century

{{History of South Africa}}{{SouthAfrica state}}
  • 1824 - British settlement of Port Natal established on land "acquired...through treaties with the Zulu king Shaka."{{sfn|Tuttle|2005}}
  • 1835 - Settlement renamed "Durban" after British colonial administrator Benjamin D'Urban.{{sfn|Tuttle|2005}}
  • 1841 - Printing press in operation (approximate date).[1]
  • 1846 - "Native reserves" created.{{sfn|Hendricks|2003}}
  • 1851 - Natal Times newspaper begins publication.{{sfn|Lloyd's|1906}}
  • 1852 - Mercury newspaper begins publication.{{sfn|Lloyd's|1906}}
  • 1854
    • "First Town Council, consisting of 8 members representing four wards" created.[2]
    • George Cato becomes mayor.
    • Natal Bank in business.[2]
    • D'Urban Club formed.
  • 1860
    • 26 June: Natal Railway (Market Square-Customs Point) begins operating in Durban. 
    • Indian workers begin to arrive in Durban.{{sfn|Hendricks|2003}}
  • 1863 - Population: approximately 5,000 (3,390 white, 1,380 black and 230 Asian).[2]
  • 1865 - Sites for Albert Park and Victoria Park established.{{sfn|Henderson|1904}}
  • 1870 - Durban Fire Department founded.[2]
  • 1880 - Magazine Barracks built.
  • 1885 - Town Hall built.[2]
  • 1888 - Lord's cricket ground established.
  • 1889 - Natal cricket team formed.
  • 1896 - Population: 31,877.{{sfn|Henderson|1904}}

20th century

1900s-1950s

  • 1902 - Electric tram begins operating.[2]
  • 1903
    • Utrecht and Vryheid become part of city.[2]
    • Indian Opinion newspaper begins publication.[2]
  • 1904
    • Zulu Ilanga lase Natal newspaper begins publication.[2]
    • Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi establishes settlement at Phoenix.[2]
  • 1908 - Union Whaling Station begins operating.[2]
  • 1910 - Durban becomes part of newly formed Union of South Africa.[2]
  • 1911 - Population: 69,187 (31,783 white, 17,784 black, 19,620 Asian).[3]
  • 1914 - {{illm|The Indian Views|de|lt=Indian Views}} newspaper begins publication.[4]
  • 1921
    • Clairwood Shree Siva Soobramoniar Temple built.
    • Comrades Marathon (Pietermaritzburg-Durban) begins.[5]
  • 1923 - Kingsmead Cricket Ground in use.{{timefact|date=September 2017}}
  • 1926 - Memorial Cenotaph unveiled in Farewell Square.
  • 1931 - Natal University College Durban campus established.{{timefact|date=September 2017}}
  • 1946 - Population: 338,817 city.[6]
  • 1949
    • Anti-Indian riot.
    • Electric tram stops operating.[5]
  • 1950 - Parliamentary Group Areas Act leads to urban apartheid.{{sfn|Hendricks|2003}}
  • 1951 - November: World premiere of feature film Cry, the Beloved Country.[7]
  • 1958 - Kings Park Stadium opens.

1960s-1990s

  • 1960
    • Ukhozi FM radio begins broadcasting.
    • African Art Centre established.[8]
    • Population: 560,010 city; 681,492 metro.[9]
  • 1961
    • University College for Indians established on Salisbury Island.
    • Durban becomes part of the new Republic of South Africa.[5]
  • 1965 - Cinerama Theatre opens.[10]
  • 1968 - Durban Heights water reservoir begins operating.[5]
  • 1970 - Population: 736,853 city; 850,946 metro.[11]
  • 1972 - University of Durban-Westville opens.
  • 1973 - Labor strikes occur.{{sfn|Hendricks|2003}}
  • 1977 - Durban Container Terminal begins operating at the Port of Durban.
  • 1978 - 8 January: Academic Rick Turner assassinated.[12]
  • 1985
    • Anti-Indian unrest.
    • 23 December: Amanzimtoti bombing occurs near Durban.
    • Population: 634,301 city; 982,075 metro.[13]
  • 1986 - 14 June: Durban beach-front bombing occurs.
  • 1990 - "Separate Amenities Act was repealed, thus opening up Durban’s facilities to all races."[5]
  • 1991 - Population: 715,669 city; 1,137,378 metro.[14]
  • 1993
    • June: 1993 African Championships in Athletics held in Durban.
    • Pavilion shopping centre in business in Westville.
  • 1995 - Sharks (rugby union) formed.
  • 1996
    • Obed Mlaba becomes mayor.
    • City website Durban.gov.za launched (approximate date).[15]
    • Population: 669,242.[16]
  • 1997 - International Convention Centre opens.
  • 1998 - September: International summit of the Non-Aligned Movement held in city.
  • 1999 - November: Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 1999 held in city.
  • 2000
    • July: XIII International AIDS Conference, 2000 held in city.{{sfn|Tuttle|2005}}
    • 5 December: South African municipal elections, 2000 held.
    • Durban becomes seat of newly created eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality.

21st century

  • 2001
    • UN World Conference against Racism 2001 held in city.[17]
    • Population: 536,644 city.
    • Gateway shopping centre in business in nearby Umhlanga.
  • 2002
    • 6 February: 2002 Charlotte's Dale train collision occurs in vicinity of Durban.
    • 9 July: African Union launched in Durban.
  • 2003
    • Dolphins cricket team formed.
    • Part of 2003 Cricket World Cup played in Durban.
  • 2004
    • University of KwaZulu-Natal established.
    • uShaka Marine World theme park in business.
  • 2005 - 19 March: Demonstration at Kennedy Road shack settlement.
  • 2006
    • February: Strike at the University of KwaZulu-Natal.
    • 1 March: South African municipal elections, 2006 held.
  • 2008 - Ulwazi Programme for local history launched.[18]
  • 2009
    • 24 September: Airplane crash occurs.
    • 26 September: Ethnic attack on Kennedy Road shack settlement.
    • Moses Mabhida Stadium opens in Stamford Hill.
  • 2010
    • King Shaka International Airport opens.
    • Part of 2010 FIFA World Cup football contest played in Durban.
    • Field Band Academy founded.[19]
  • 2011
    • 18 May: South African municipal elections, 2011 held.
    • November-December: 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference held in city.
    • James Nxumalo becomes mayor.[20]
    • Population: 595,061 city;[21] 3,442,361 metro.
  • 2013
    • March: International 5th BRICS summit held in city.
    • Part of 2013 Africa Cup of Nations football contest played in Durban.
  • 2016
    • 3 August: South African municipal elections, 2016 held.
    • 2016 African Championships in Athletics held in city.
    • Zandile Gumede becomes mayor.
  • 2017 - March: Durban bid for the 2022 Commonwealth Games rejected.

See also

  • Durban history (fr)
  • List of mayors of Durban
  • Timelines of other cities in South Africa: Cape Town, Johannesburg, Pietermaritzburg, Port Elizabeth, Pretoria

References

1. ^{{cite journal |title=Birth of Printing in South Africa |author=Alan Charles Gore Lloyd |journal=The Library: a Quarterly Review of Bibliography and Library Lore |editor1= J.Y.W. Macalister |editor2=Alfred W. Pollard |location=London |volume=5 |issn=0024-2160 |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015014978228?urlappend=%3Bseq=45 |via=HathiTrust |year=1914 |pages=31-43 |quote= Incuadi yesibini yabafundayo }} {{free access}}
2. ^{{cite book |title=Famous First Facts |year=2000 |publisher= H.W. Wilson Co. |editor=Steven Anzovin and Janet Podell |isbn= 0824209583 }}
3. ^{{cite book |title=Statesman's Year-Book |year=1921 |location=London |publisher= Macmillan and Co.|chapter= British Empire: Province of Natal |chapterurl= https://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101072368440?urlappend=%3Bseq=282 |via=HathiTrust }}
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ulwaziprogramme.org/2015/11/indian-newspapers-in-kwazulu-natal-150-years-of-indian-journalism/ |title= Indian Newspapers in KwaZulu-Natal – 150 years of Indian Journalism |work=Ulwazi Programme |language=en, zu |publisher=eThekwini Municipality |accessdate= 27 September 2017 }}
5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 {{cite web |publisher=South African History Online |location=Cape Town |url= http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/durban-timeline-1497-1990 |title= Durban Timeline 1497-1990 |accessdate= 27 September 2017 }}
6. ^{{cite book |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1950_round.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook 1955 |year= |publisher=Statistical Office of the United Nations |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants |pages=171-184 }}
7. ^{{citation |title= Packed house sees Durban's first world premiere |work= Natal Witness |date=16 November 1951 |url=http://disa.ukzn.ac.za/packed-house-sees-durbans-first-world-premiere |via=Disa.ukzn.ac.za }} {{free access}}
8. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/?period=11®ion=afo#/Key-Events |title= Southern Africa, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events |work= Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |location=New York |accessdate= 25 September 2017 }}
9. ^{{cite book |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1960_round.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook 1965 |year=1966 |publisher=Statistical Office of the United Nations |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=140-161 }}
10. ^{{cite web |url= http://cinematreasures.org/theaters/south-africa/durban?status=all |title=Movie Theaters in Durban, South Africa |work=CinemaTreasures.org |publisher= Cinema Treasures LLC |location=Los Angeles |accessdate=25 September 2017 }}
11. ^{{cite book |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1980_round.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook 1980 |year= |author=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=225-252 }}
12. ^{{cite book|editor=Jacqueline Audrey Kalley|title=Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oVrVK2ElINMC|year=1999|publisher=Greenwood |isbn=978-0-313-30247-3|display-editors=etal}}
13. ^{{cite book |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1990_round.htm |title=1995 Demographic Yearbook |year=1997 |author=United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=262-321 }}
14. ^{{cite book |title=Africa South of the Sahara 2003 |series=Regional Surveys of the World |publisher= Europa Publications |year=2003 |issn= 0065-3896 |chapter= South Africa |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=1KBP7QbalX0C }}
15. ^{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19960329080010/http://www.durban.gov.za/ |url=http://www.durban.gov.za |deadurl=yes |archivedate=29 March 1996 |title=Durban.gov.za |publisher=Durban Metro Council |via=Wayback Machine |quote=Local Government - Durban - South Africa |df= }}
16. ^{{cite web |url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2012.htm |work=Demographic Yearbook 2012 |year=2013 |publisher=United Nations Statistics Division |title=Population of Capital Cities and Cities of 100,000 or More Inhabitants }}
17. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14094918 |accessdate= 25 September 2017 |title= South Africa profile: Timeline |work= BBC News }}
18. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ulwaziprogramme.org/about/ |title= About |work=Ulwazi Programme |language=en, zu |publisher=eThekwini Municipality |editor=Durban Local History Museums |accessdate= 27 September 2017 }}
19. ^{{citation |work=The Mercury |location=South Africa |date=June 26, 2013 |title=Field day for music in Durban |via =LexisNexis Academic |subscription = yes }}
20. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.citymayors.com/mayors/south-african-mayors.html |title=South African mayors |location=London |work=City Mayors.com |publisher=City Mayors Foundation 25 September 2017 }}
21. ^{{cite web |url= http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2015.htm |work=Demographic Yearbook 2015 |year=2016 |publisher=United Nations Statistics Division |title= Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants }}

Bibliography

{{Refbegin}}

published in 19th-20th centuries

  • {{cite book |title=Colony of Natal: an official illustrated handbook and railway guide |location=London |author=J. Forsyth Ingram |year=1895

|chapter=Durban
|chapterurl=https://archive.org/stream/colonyofnataloff00ingr#page/92/mode/2up
}}
  • {{citation |title=Natal Almanac Directory and Yearly Register |publisher= P. Davis & Sons |location= Pietermaritzburg |year=1897

|chapter=Principal Towns in Natal: Durban
|chapterurl=https://archive.org/stream/natalalmanacdire00pietuoft#page/512/mode/2up
}}
  • {{cite book|author=W. P. M. Henderson |title= Durban: Fifty Years' Municipal History |url=https://archive.org/stream/durbanfiftyyears00hend#page/n5/mode/2up |publisher=Robinson & Co. |location=Durban |year= 1904

| ref = {{harvid|Henderson|1904}}
}}
  • {{cite book |title=Twentieth Century Impressions of Natal: Its People, Commerce, Industries, and Resources|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0XA5AQAAMAAJ |publisher= Lloyd's Greater Britain Publishing Company |series=Twentieth Century Impressions |year=1906

| ref = {{harvid|Lloyd's|1906}}
}}
  • {{Citation

| title = Encyclopædia Britannica
| publication-place = New York
| publication-date = 1910
| edition=11th
| oclc = 14782424
| via= Internet Archive
| chapter = Durban
| chapterurl = https://archive.org/stream/encyclopaediabrit08chisrich#page/696/mode/1up
| ref = {{harvid|Britannica|1910}}
}}
  • {{cite book|author1= Leo Kuper |author2= Hilstan Watts |author3= Ronald Davies |title= Durban: A study in racial ecology |publisher=Jonathan Cape |oclc=958188774 |year= 1958

}}
  • {{cite journal |author= P. Maylam |title=Shackled by the Contradictions: The Municipal Response to African Urbanization in Durban, c. 1920-1950 |journal= African Urban Studies |issn=0736-6760 |publisher=Michigan State University |year= 1982

}}
  • {{cite thesis |type=PhD |title=The question of 'Indian penetration' in the Durban area and Indian politics, 1940-1946 |author= Dowlat Ramdas Bagwandeen |url=http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8711 |publisher=University of Natal |year=1983

}} {{free access}}

  • {{citation |author=Paul Maylam |title=Aspects of African Urbanization in the Durban Area before 1940 |editor1=Richard Haines |editor2= Gina Buijs |work= Struggle for Social and Economic Space: Urbanization in Twentieth Century South Africa |isbn=0949947733 |publisher=University of Durban-Westville |year= 1985

}}
  • {{cite journal |author=R. Posel |title= Durban Ricksha Pullers' Strikes of 1918 and 1930 |journal= Journal of Natal and Zulu History |publisher=University of Natal |issn=0259-0123 |year= 1985

}}
  • {{cite book|editor= Anthony Lemon |title= Homes Apart: South Africa's Segregated Cities |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=pGgjud7DJXIC |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=0-253-33321-0 |year=1991

|chapter=Durban |author= R.J. Davies
}}
  • {{cite thesis |type=PhD |author=Timothy Andrew Nuttall |title=Class, race and nation: African politics in Durban, 1929-1949 |publisher=University of Oxford |url=https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:876d79f4-db97-4efc-8751-18ac01fc38ef |year= 1991

}} {{free access}}

  • {{cite journal |title=Beyond the Frontier of Control: Trade Unionism and the Labour Market in the Durban Docks |author=David Hemson |journal= Transformation: Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa |issn=0258-7696 |publisher=University of Natal |number= 30 |url=http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/africanjournals/html/browse.cfm?colid=6 |via= African e-Journals Project |year= 1996

}} {{free access}}

  • {{cite book|editor1=Paul Maylam|editor2= Iain Edwards |title=The People's City: African Life in Twentieth-century Durban |publisher=University of Natal Press |isbn=978-0-86980-934-1 |year= 1996

}}
  • {{cite thesis |title=The apartheid city and its labouring class: African workers and the independent trade union movement in Durban, 1959-1985 |author= Nelson Tozivaripi Sambureni |url= http://disa.ukzn.ac.za/the19970600007000 |type=PhD |publisher=University of South Africa |via=Disa.ukzn.ac.za |year=1997

}} {{free access}}

published in 21st century

  • {{cite journal |title=Contrasts in Urban Segregation: A Tale of Two African Cities, Durban (South Africa) and Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire) |author= Bill Freund |journal= Journal of Southern African Studies |volume= 27 |year= 2001 |jstor=823314

|ref= {{harvid|Freund|2001}}
}}
  • {{cite journal |title=Citizenship and the city: the Durban centre-city in 2000 |author= Antoine Bouillon |journal= Transformation |issn=0258-7696 |publisher=University of Natal |number= 48 |url=http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/africanjournals/html/browse.cfm?colid=6 |via= African e-Journals Project |year= 2002

}}
  • {{cite book |title=(D)urban Vortex: South African City in Transition |editor1= Bill Freund |editor2= Vishnu Padayachee |publisher=University of Natal Press |year=2002

}}
  • {{citation |title=Post Apartheid Metro Boundaries: Conflicts, Contestations and Compromises in Durban |author= Brij Maharaj |work=Rencontres scientifiques franco-Sud-Africaines de l'innovation territoriale |url=https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00749571 |via=Halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr |year= 2002

}} {{free access}}

  • {{cite web |author= |title=Durban |work=Understanding Slums: Case Studies for the Global Report 2003 |url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/dpu-projects/Global_Report/a-z.htm |publisher=United Nations Human Settlements Programme and University College London |year=2003

}}
  • {{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History |editor1= Paul Tiyambe Zeleza |editor2= Dickson Eyoh |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0415234794 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qjolgQhpFtoC |year=2003

|chapter= Durban, South Africa
|author= Cherl Hendricks
|ref= {{harvid|Hendricks|2003}}
}}
  • {{citation |title= Exit, Voice and Tradition: Loyalty to Chieftainship and Democracy in Metropolitan Durban, South Africa |url= http://www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital-Library/Publications/Series/Detail/?ots591=cab359a3-9328-19cc-a1d2-8023e646b22c&lng=en&id=57395 |publisher=Crisis States Research Centre |location=London |via=International Relations and Security Network |year=2005

}}
  • {{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of African History |publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn |isbn=978-1-57958-245-6 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=umyHqvAErOAC |editor= Kevin Shillington |year= 2005

|chapter= Durban
|author= Aran S. MacKinnon
|ref= {{harvid|MacKinnon|2005}}
}}
  • {{cite book|editor1=Kwame Anthony Appiah |editor2= Henry Louis Gates |title=Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-517055-9 |edition=2nd |year= 2005

|chapter= Durban
|author= Kate Tuttle
|ref= {{harvid|Tuttle|2005}}
}}
  • {{cite book|author=Bill Freund|title=The African City: A History |publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-52792-7 |year=2007

|chapter=Globalisation and the African city: Touba, Abidjan, Durban
|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=CPWMcYhEhYQC |page=177+
}}
  • {{citation |url=https://unhabitat.org/case-study-metropolitan-governance-ethekwini-durban-south-africa/ |publisher= United Nations Human Settlements Programme |title=Case study: Metropolitan Governance, EThekwini (Durban), South Africa |year= 2015

}} {{free access}}

  • {{cite book|author=Ralph Callebert|title=On Durban's Docks: Zulu Workers, Rural Households, Global Labor|date=2017|publisher=University of Rochester Press|location=Rochester NY|isbn=9781580469074

}}{{refend}}

External links

{{Commons category|Durban}}
  • {{cite web |url=http://disa.ukzn.ac.za/search/node/durban |title= (Durban) |work= Digital Innovation South Africa |oclc=225596326 |publisher= University of KwaZulu-Natal }} (Articles, images etc.)
  • {{cite web |publisher=South African History Online |location=Cape Town |url= http://www.sahistory.org.za/places |title=Places: Durban }}
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.archivalplatform.org/registry/search/search&keywords=Durban |title=Registry: (Durban) |work=Archivalplatform.org |location=Rondebosch }} (Directory of South African archival and memory institutions and organisations)
  • {{cite web |url= http://www.africabib.org/query_a.php?ti=Durban |title=(Durban) |work= AfricaBib.org }} (Bibliography)
  • {{cite web |url= http://www.connecting-africa.net/query_2.php?F9=0&S0=Durban&F0=0 |title=(Durban) |work=Connecting-Africa |publisher=African Studies Centre |location=Leiden, Netherlands }} (Bibliography)
  • {{cite web |url= http://www.ilissafrica.de/en/vk/?k0=title&v0=Durban&c=UBFfm631&c=GIGA_swb&c=ascLeiden&c=NAI&c=IFEAS&c=ilissOLC&c=AiLiSs&c=base&c=dkg |title=(Durban) |publisher= Frankfurt University Library |work=Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa |location=Germany }} (Bibliography)
  • {{cite web |url= https://www.europeana.eu/portal/en/search?q=Durban&rows=96 |title= (Durban) |via= Europeana }} (Images, etc.)
  • {{cite web |url= http://dp.la/search?page_size=100&q=Durban&utf8=✓ |title= (Durban) |via= Digital Public Library of America }} (Images, etc.)
  • {{cite web |url= http://doaj.org/search?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22query_string%22%3A%7B%22query%22%3A%22Durban%22%2C%22default_field%22%3A%22bibjson.title%22%2C%22default_operator%22%3A%22AND%22%7D%7D%2C%22sort%22%3A%5B%7B%22bibjson.year.exact%22%3A%7B%22order%22%3A%22desc%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22bibjson.month.exact%22%3A%7B%22order%22%3A%22desc%22%7D%7D%5D%2C%22from%22%3A0%2C%22size%22%3A100%7D |title= (Durban) |work=Directory of Open Access Journals |location=UK }} (Bibliography of open access {{open access}} articles)
{{South Africa year nav}}{{Durban}}{{EThekwini Metropolitan Municipality}}{{Timelines of cities in Africa}}{{coord|-29.883333|31.05|type:city|display=title}}

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