| 释义 |
- Prior to 7th century
- 7th–19th centuries
- 20th century
- 21st century
- See also
- References
- Bibliography
- External links
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Homs, Syria. {{Dynamic list}}{{TOC right}}Prior to 7th century{{History of Syria}}- 3rd millennium BCE – Citadel of Homs was founded. Biblical scholars have identified the city with Hamath-zobah.[1][2]
- 732 BCE – Syro-Ephraimite War, Assyrians in power.
- 540 BCE – Persian Achaemenid Empire in power (approximate date).
- 64 BCE – The Emesani dynasty were confirmed in their rule as client kings of the Romans.
- 50 AD – Saint Mary Church of the Holy Belt was consecrated.
- 432 AD – Church of Saint Elian was consecrated.
7th–19th centuries- 636 – Siege of Emesa, city was captured by Rashidun Caliphate.
- 750 – Abbasids wrested control of Homs.
- 855 – Christian population revolted in response to additional taxation under the reign of Caliph al-Mutawakkil.[2]
- 891 – al-Yaqubi noted that Homs was situated along a broad river (Orontes River) which served as a source of drinking water for the inhabitants.[3]
- 944 – Hamdanids took control of the city.
- 1090 – Seljuk Turks occupied Homs under the leadership of Aq Sunqur al-Hajib.[4]
- 1149 – The Mosul-based Zengids under Nur al-Din captured the city.[5]
- 1154 – Al-Idrisi mentioned that Homs was populous, contained open markets, and was frequented by travelers. The residents were pleasant; living with them is easy. The women are beautiful and are celebrated for their fine skin."[6]
- 1164 – Asad ad-Din Shirkuh became Homs' fief, later known as “Emir of Homs”.
- 1175 – Saladin gained control of the city.
- 1225 – Yaqut al-Hamawi mentioned that Homs was large, celebrated and walled, having a strongly fortified castle on its southern hill.[7]
- 1355 – Ibn Batuta visited Homs, writing that it had fine trees and good markets.
- 1400 – Timur seized the city. Nevertheless, he did not sack it as he did in Aleppo, Hama and later Damascus, due to a man called “‘Amr bin al-Rawas” who conciled with him offering precious gifts to save the city.[8]
- 1510 – al-Fadl bin Nu'ayr was sent on an expedition by the governor of Damascus to loot the city markets.[5]
- 1516 – Ottoman Turks in power.
- 1549 – Homs Sanjak was created as part of Ottoman Aleppo Eyalet.
- 1579 – Homs is under Ottoman Tripoli Eyalet.
- 1785 – French traveler, Volney wrote of the city's once great importance and its current "miserable" condition.
- 1832–1840 – city was occupied by Muhammad Ali's Egypt led by Ibrahim Pasha.[9][10]
- 1855 – National Evangelical School was founded by American missionaries.[11]
- 1860s – The city rebelled against Egyptian rule and consequently, the citadel was destroyed when the Egyptians suppressed the revolt. Ottoman rule was soon restored.[5]
- 1864 – Homs became part of Ottoman Syria Vilayet.
- 1870s – Homs' economic importance was boosted again during the depression of the 1870s, as its cotton industry boomed due to a decline European textile production. One British consul referred to Homs as the "Manchester of Syria."[5]
- 1887 – Al Ghassania Orthodox School was established.[12]
20th century- 1907 – Population: 65,000 (estimate).[13]
- 1908–1913 – Khalid ibn al-Walid Mosque was consecrated.
- 1918 – Homs was captured by the 5th Cavalry Division of the Allied forces in October 1918. Later on, it became part of the French Mandate of Syria.
- 1922 – Homs Museum's ground floor was established, 1st floor finished in 1949, and 2nd floor in 1963.[14]
- 1925 – The city joined Damascus and the southern Druze chieftains in a full-blown revolt against French rule.[15]
- 1928 – Al-Karamah SC was formed.
- 1930s
- An oil pipeline between Tripoli and Kirkuk was built in Homs, and it followed an ancient caravan route between Palmyra and the Mediterranean.
- The famous old Clock Tower, facing al-Hamidiya Street, was built by the French.
- 1932 – The French moved their military academy from Damascus to Homs to be established in 1933, later known as Homs Military Academy,[16] and it remained the only military academy in Syria until 1967.[17]
- 1937 – Al-Wathba SC was formed.
- 1959 – An oil refinery was built to process oil for domestic consumption.[5] The city's oil refinery was bombed by the Israeli Air Force (IAF) during the 1973 Yom Kippur War.[18]
- 1960
- Khalid ibn al-Walid Stadium was opened.
- Population: 136,000 (estimate).[19]
- 1973 – Culture House Theater was established.[20]
- 1979 – Al-Baath University was established.
- 1981 – Population: 346,871 (estimate).[21]
- 1994 – Population: 540,133 (estimate).[22]
- 2000 – Bassel al-Assad Stadium with a capacity of 25,000 was inaugurated.[23]
21st century{{see also|Timeline of the Syrian Civil War}}- 2004 – Population: 652,609 (estimate).[24]
- 6 May 2011 – 9 May 2014 – Siege of Homs, Syrian Army recaptures Homs.
See also- Timelines of other cities in Syria: Aleppo, Damascus, Hama, Latakia
References1. ^Dumper, 2007, p. 171.
2. ^Gil, 1997, pp. 296–97.
3. ^le Strange, 1890, p. 353.
4. ^Dumper, 2007, p. 172.
5. ^1 2 3 4 Dumper, 2007, p. 173.
6. ^le Strange, 1890, p. 354.
7. ^Yaqut al-Hamawi quoted in le Strange, 1890, p. 356.
8. ^{{cite book|author= Mohammad Amin Sheikho|url= https://books.google.de/books?id=_TAEAQAAQBAJ&pg=PT42&dq=%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86%D9%83+%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B5&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjigtqghLXXAhWI2RoKHYcAAhEQ6AEICTAA#v=onepage&q=%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86%D9%83%20%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B5&f=false |title= حقيقة تيمورلنك العظيم تظهر في القرن الواحد والعشرين- الجزء الثاني |publisher= دار نور البشير |year=2011|page=43|language=Arabic|isbn=}}
9. ^{{cite web|last=Collelo|first=Thomas|year=1987|url=http://countrystudies.us/syria/7.htm|title= Syria – Ottoman Empire|publisher=GPO for the Library of Congress|work=Syria: A Country Study|accessdate=28 February 2009}}
10. ^Shaw, 1977, p. 33
11. ^{{cite news|work=The New York Times|title=Rev. H.H. Jessup Dead|date=1910-04-29|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1910/04/29/104931623.pdf}}
12. ^https://www.zamanalwsl.net/news/46142.html معالم حمص ومشيداتها الأثرية: المدرسة الغسانية.. منارة للعلم
13. ^1 Cook, 1907, p. 362.
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dgam.gov.sy/index.php?d=251&id=673|title=متحف حمص|work=Directorate-General of Antiquities and Museums|language=Arabic|date=13 December 2012|access-date=3 December 2017}}
15. ^Cleveland, 2000, p. 215.
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/syria/syria121.html|title=Military Training|work=All Refer|access-date=3 December 2017}}
17. ^Commins, 2004, p. 130.
18. ^Seale, 2007, p. 210.
19. ^Winckler, 1998, p. 72.
20. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.discover-syria.com/news/15451|title=افتتاح مسرح دار الثقافة بحمص.. مشوح: نجهد للارتقاء بالفكر الثقافي|work=Discover-Syria|language=Arabic|date=27 June 2014|access-date=2 November 2017}}
21. ^Population Census Report (1981), Central Bureau of Statistics
22. ^PUN Demographic Yearkbook (1999)
23. ^Bassel al-Assad Stadium in Homs
24. ^[https://archive.is/20120731052244/http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB04-1-2004.htm General Census of Population and Housing 2004]. Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). Homs Governorate. {{ar icon}}
Bibliography- {{Cite book|title=Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/?id=3SapTk5iGDkC&pg=PA172&lpg=PA172&dq=First+crusade+emesa|first1=Michael|last1=Dumper|first2=Bruce E.|last2=Stanley|first3=Janet L.|last3=Abu-Lughod|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2007|isbn=1-57607-919-8}}.
- {{Cite book|title=Cook's Handbook for Palestine and Syria|url=https://books.google.com/?id=EvxtAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA362&dq=Homs+population#PPA362,M1|first1=Thomas|last1=Cook|publisher=Thos. Cook & Son|year=1907}}.
- {{Cite book|title=A History of Palestine, 634–1099|url=https://books.google.com/?id=M0wUKoMJeccC&pg=PA42&dq=Ijnadayn+Lajjun|first1=Moshe|last1=Gil|authorlink=Moshe Gil|year=1997|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-59984-9}}.
- {{Cite book|title=Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500|url=https://books.google.com/?id=ENANAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA493&dq=Lajjun+Guy+le+Strange |first1=Guy|last1=le Strange|year=1890|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund|isbn=978-0-404-56288-5}}.
- {{Cite book|title=History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey|url=https://books.google.com/?id=M1DQooVS_oYC&printsec=frontcover|first=Ezel Kural|last=Shaw|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1977|isbn=0-521-29166-6}}
- {{Cite book|title=A History of the Modern Middle East: 2nd Edition|url=https://books.google.com/?id=Jhqgg3rCHLMC&pg=PA215&dq=Homs+French|first=William L.|last=Cleveland|publisher=Westview Press|year=2000|isbn= 978-0-8133-3489-9}}
- {{Cite book|title=Historical Dictionary of Syria: 2nd Edition|url=https://books.google.com/?id=_EhACvcqVXkC&pg=PA136&dq=Homs+foods|first=David Dean|last=Commins|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2004|isbn=0-8108-4934-8}}
- {{Cite book|title=Demographic developments and population policies in Baʻathist Syria|url=https://books.google.com/?id=ki6yXV0qxw4C&pg=PA71&dq=Hama+Syria|first=Onn|last=Winckler|publisher=Sussex Academic Press|year=1998|isbn=978-1-902210-16-2}}
{{Refend}}External links- {{Citation |publisher = Al-Sayih Library |publication-place = |title = History of Homs |author = Khoury Issa Ahmed |authorlink= |publication-date =1983|chapterurl = http://www.liilas.com/mlooli/tarekh-hms-1.pdf |chapter= Chapter One, 2300 BCE - 622 AD
}}. - {{cite book |title=Historic Cities of the Islamic World |editor=C. Edmund Bosworth |editor-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |year=2007 |publisher=Koninklijke Brill |location=Leiden |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CgawCQAAQBAJ
|chapter= Homs
|ref= {{harvid|Bosworth|2007}}}}. {{commons category|Homs}}{{Coord|34|43|51|N|36|42|34|E|region:SY_type:city|display=title}}{{Homs Governorate|homs}}{{Cities of Syria}}{{Syria year nav}}{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}} 2 : Years in Syria|Timelines of cities in Syria |