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词条 Timeline of longest spaceflights
释义

  1. Record setting single-mission human stays

  2. Gallery

  3. References

  4. See also

Timeline of longest spaceflights is a chronology of the longest spaceflights. Many of the first flights set records measured in hours and days, the space station missions of the 1970s and 1980s pushed this to weeks and months, and by the 1990s the record was pushed to over a year and has remained there into the 21st century.

A modern long-duration mission is the ISS year long mission (2015–2016) aboard the International Space Station. The most significant issue in such missions is the effects of spaceflight on the human body, due to such factors as zero-g and elevated radiation.

Record setting single-mission human stays

Duration (days)Astronaut/Cosmonaut(s)Mission(s)Mission startFlight upSpace StationFlight downRecord achievedMission endRecord held (days)SourceNotes
437.75Valery PoliyakovMir EO‑15, EO‑16, EO‑17January 8, 1994Soyuz TM-18MirSoyuz TM-20January 9, 1995March 22, 19951995|9|1}}[1] Current record
365.94Vladimir Titov,Musa ManarovMir EO-3December 21, 1987Soyuz TM-4MirSoyuz TM-6November 11, 1988December 21, 19882,250[2]
326.48Yuri RomanenkoMir EO-2February 5, 1987Soyuz TM-2MirSoyuz TM-3September 30, 1987December 29, 1987408[3]
236.95Leonid KizimVladimir SolovyovOleg AtkovSalyut 7 EO‑3February 8, 1984Soyuz T-10Salyut 7Soyuz T-11September 6, 1984October 2, 19841,119[4]
211.38Anatoli BerezovoyValentin LebedevSalyut 7 EO‑1May 13, 1982Soyuz T-5Salyut 7Soyuz T-7November 14, 1982December 10, 1982662[5]
184.84Leonid PopovValery RyuminSalyut 6 EO‑4April 9, 1980Soyuz 35Salyut 6Soyuz 37October 1, 1980October 11, 1980774[6]
175.02Vladimir LyakhovValery RyuminSalyut 6 EO‑3February 25, 1979Soyuz 32Salyut 6Soyuz 34July 15, 1979September 3, 1979444[6]
139.62Vladimir KovalyonokAleksandr IvanchenkovSalyut 6 EO‑2June 15, 1978Soyuz 29Salyut 6Soyuz 31September 20, 1978November 2, 1978298[6]
96.42Yuri RomanenkoGeorgi GrechkoSalyut 6 EO-1December 10, 1977Soyuz 26Salyut 6Soyuz 27March 4, 1978March 16, 1978200.[7][8]
84.05Gerald P. CarrEdward G. GibsonWilliam R. PogueSkylab 4November 16, 1973SA‑208SkylabCSM‑118January 15, 1974February 8, 19741,509[1][9]
59.46Alan L. BeanOwen K. GarriottJack R. LousmaSkylab 3July 28, 1973SA‑207SkylabCSM‑117August 25, 1973September 25, 1973143[10][11]
28.03Charles "Pete" Conrad, Jr.Joseph P. KerwinPaul J. WeitzSkylab 2May 25, 1973SA‑206SkylabCSM‑116June 17, 1973June 22, 197369[12][13]
23.32Georgy DobrovolskyVladislav VolkovViktor PatsayevSoyuz 11June 6, 1971Soyuz 11Salyut 1Soyuz 11June 23, 1971June 29, 1971725[12]All three crewmembers died on return to Earth. [14][15]
17.71Andrian NikolayevVitali SevastyanovSoyuz 9June 1, 1970N/AN/AN/AJune 15, 1970June 19, 1970373[16][17]Soyuz 9 continues to hold the record for longest manned flight by a solo spacecraft.
13.77Frank BormanJim LovellGemini 7December 4, 1965N/AN/AN/ADecember 12, 1965December 18, 19651,646[16][18]
7.96L. Gordon Cooper, Jr.Charles "Pete" Conrad, Jr.Gemini 5August 21, 1965N/AN/AN/AAugust 26, 1965August 29, 1965108[16][19][20]
4.96Valery BykovskyVostok 5June 14, 1963N/AN/AN/AJune 18, 1963June 19, 1963800[21][22]
3.93Andriyan NikolayevVostok 3August 11, 1962N/AN/AN/AAugust 12, 1962August 15, 1962310[23][24]
1.05Gherman TitovVostok 2August 6, 1961N/AN/AN/AAugust 6, 1961August 7, 1961371[23][25]
0.075Yuri GagarinVostok 1April 12, 1961N/AN/AN/AApril 12, 1961April 12, 1961116[23][26] First human spaceflight

Gallery

{{Cleanup gallery|date=February 2017}}

References

1. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2006/KieshaHarding.shtml|title=Duration of the Longest Space Flight|last=Elert|first=Glenn|website=hypertextbook.com|access-date=2017-01-04}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.space.com/28947-yearlong-space-missions-history.html|title=One Year in Space: A History of Ultra-Long Missions Off Planet Earth|last=Pearlman|first=Robert|date=26 March 2015|publisher=Space.com|accessdate=13 April 2015}}
3. ^{{cite book|title=Living Among Giants: Exploring and Settling the Outer Solar System|last=Carroll|first=Michael|date=2015|publisher=Springer|isbn=3319106732|pages=195}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.space.com/8619-cosmonaut-leonid-kizim-visited-2-space-stations-1-mission-dies.html|title=Cosmonaut Leonid Kizim, Who Visited 2 Space Stations in 1 Mission, Dies|last=Pearlman|first=Robert|date=17 June 2010|publisher=Space.com|accessdate=13 April 2015}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-092014a-obituary-anatoly-berezovoy-cosmonaut.html|title=Soviet-era cosmonaut Anatoly Berezovoy, commanded Salyut space station, dies|date=20 Sep 2014|publisher=collectSpace|accessdate=13 April 2015}}
6. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8RWKOxH1c8sC&pg=PA300&lpg=PA300&dq=Salyut+6+EO-2&source=bl&ots=S1WmRFvXGL&sig=2_NAuk2ONxi0u6P3-fpn_WWhSPE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjBtPeAoanRAhVD3SYKHZyWDEE4ChDoAQgrMAY#v=onepage&q=Salyut+6+EO-2&f=false|title=Architecture for Astronauts: An Activity-based Approach|last=Häuplik-Meusburger|first=Sandra|date=18 October 2011|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|via=Google Books}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kq6QNwwHRqgC&pg=PT18&lpg=PT18&dq=salyut+six+record&source=bl&ots=gD88JPFu8j&sig=mF8z9tITqbz0YMIeAvvFbTOMq68&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj13qfvnKnRAhXIVyYKHdh9CR8Q6AEINDAE#v=onepage&q=salyut+six+record&f=false|title=Space Stations|last=Kerrod|first=Robin|date=14 June 2017|publisher=Gareth Stevens|via=Google Books}}
8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/space/world/russia/soyuz_26_27_series.htm|title=Soyuz 26 and Soyuz 27|last=Pike|first=John|website=www.globalsecurity.org|access-date=2017-01-05}}
9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/skylab/flight-summary.htm|title=Skylab Flight Summary|website=www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov|access-date=2017-01-04}}
10. ^ 
11. ^{{Cite news|url=http://sen.com/features/second-crew-on-skylab-breaking-all-records|title=Second crew on Skylab: Breaking all records - Sen.com|access-date=2017-01-04}}
12. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,903011,00.html|title=Triumph and Tragedy of Soyuz 11|author=Time Magazine|date=12 July 1971|accessdate=20 October 2007|publisher=Time Magazine}}
13. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/skylab/skylab-2.htm|title=Skylab Mission 2|website=www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov|access-date=2017-01-04}}
14. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.space.com/16773-first-space-station-salyut-1.html|title=Salyut 1: The First Space Station|newspaper=Space.com|access-date=2017-01-05}}
15. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.spacesafetymagazine.com/space-disasters/soyuz-11/crew-home-misfortunes-soyuz-11/|title=The Soyuz 11 Decompression Accident: Death in Space|date=2013-04-28|newspaper=Space Safety Magazine|access-date=2017-01-05|language=en-US}}
16. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=https://history.nasa.gov/EP-107/ch9.htm|title=ch9|website=history.nasa.gov|access-date=2017-02-03}}
17. ^{{Cite news|url=http://sen.com/features/soyuz-9-new-flight-duration-record|title=Soyuz-9: New flight-duration record - Sen.com|access-date=2017-01-05}}
18. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/g/gemini7.html|title=Gemini 7|website=www.astronautix.com|access-date=2017-01-05}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/gemini-v-paving-the-way-for-long-duration-spaceflight|title=Gemini V: Paving the Way for Long Duration Spaceflight|last=Granath|first=Bob|date=3 August 2015|publisher=}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/g/gemini5.html|title=Gemini 5|website=www.astronautix.com}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fai.org/fai-record-file/?recordId=9352|title=Astronautic World Records: Spacecraft with one astronaut – General category|publisher=Fédération Aéronautique Internationale|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924045409/http://www.fai.org/fai-record-file/?recordId=9352|archivedate=2015-09-24|df=}}
22. ^{{Cite web|url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1963-020A|title=NASA – NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Details|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2017-01-05}}
23. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://history.nasa.gov/EP-107/ch9.htm|title=ch9|website=history.nasa.gov}}
24. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/v/vostok3.html|title=Vostok 3|website=www.astronautix.com|access-date=2017-01-05}}
25. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/v/vostok2.html|title=Vostok 2|website=www.astronautix.com|access-date=2017-01-05}}
26. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.space.com/11337-human-spaceflight-records-50th-anniversary.html|title=The Most Extreme Human Spaceflight Records|newspaper=Space.com|access-date=2017-01-05}}

See also

  • List of spaceflight records
  • Skylab mutiny
  • Manned Venus Flyby
{{Spaceflight lists and timelines}}

2 : Human spaceflight|Spaceflight timelines
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