| 词条 | Timeline of Negro league baseball teams |
| 释义 |
The following is a timeline of the evolution of major-league-caliber franchises in Negro league baseball. The franchises included are those of high-caliber independent teams prior to the organization of formal league play in 1920 and concludes with the dissolution of the remnant of the last major Negro league team, the Kansas City Monarchs then based out of Grand Rapids, Michigan, in about 1966. (The Indianapolis Clowns continued on through about 1988, but they had morphed into an entertainment act much as the Harlem Globetrotters basketball team of today.) All teams who played a season while a member of a major Negro league are included. The major leagues are the original Negro National League, the Eastern Colored League, the American Negro League, the East–West League, the second Negro National League and the Negro American League. Teams from the 1932 original Negro Southern League are also included which allows for the inclusion of the few high caliber minor Negro league teams. The two thick gray lines represent trying times: the first is the Panic of 1893 and the second is the Great Depression in 1933. Both crisis led to financial ruin and collapse of most teams and leagues. The two thick black lines represent the formation of organized league play in 1920 and the integration of Major League Baseball in 1946. After integration, the level of play deteriorated rapidly and dramatically. By 1950 all teams were considered to be of minor league status. Graphical timeline of Negro league teamsDateFormat = yyyy ImageSize = width:1000 height:auto barincrement:22 PlotArea = left:20 right:50 bottom:20 top:20 Colors = id:majorGridColor value:rgb(0.9,0.9,0.9) id:lineColor value:gray(0.6) id:nl1 value:gray(0.9) id:inactive value:gray(0.9) id:gold value:rgb(0.99,0.72,0.15) id:brown value:rgb(0.36,0.20,0.10) id:vegasgold value:rgb(0.80,0.72,0.49) id:green value:rgb(0, 0.51,0.28) id:darkgreen value:rgb(0, 0.20,0 ) id:orange value:rgb(1 ,0.39,0 ) id:redorange value:rgb(1 ,0.20,0 ) id:red value:rgb(0.80,0.01,0.07) id:red2 value:rgb(0.90,0.01,0.07) id:darkred value:rgb(0.50,0 ,0 ) id:iceblue value:rgb(0.20,0.60,0.80) id:lgray value:gray(0.1) id:gray value:gray(0.3) id:gray2 value:gray(0.5) id:sand value:rgb(0.94,0.89,0.77) id:navy value:rgb(0 ,0 ,0.30) id:teal value:rgb(0 ,0.65,0.65) id:teal2 value:rgb(0 ,0.45,0.45) Period = from:1885 till:1966 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy ScaleMajor = start:1885 increment:5 gridcolor:majorGridColor BarData = # bar:PYT # Philadelphia Pythians bar:CBG # Cuban Giants bar:CBX # Cuban X-Giants bar:GOR # New York Gorhams bar:PBK # Pittsburgh Keystones (I) bar:CUN # Chicago Unions bar:CCG # Chicago Columbia Giants bar:CUG # Chicago Union Giants / Leland Giants (I) bar:CHG # Chicago Giants bar:CAG # Leland Giants (II) / Chicago American Giants bar:PFG # Page Fence Giants bar:ACB # All Cubans bar:PHG # Philadelphia Giants bar:BRG # Brooklyn Royal Giants bar:SLG # St. Louis Giants / St. Louis Stars (I) bar:CSW # Cuban Stars of Havana / Cincinnati Cuban Stars / Cuban Stars [West] bar:SPG # St. Paul Colored Gophers / Twin City Gophers bar:WBS # West Baden Sprudels bar:BMG # Birmingham Giants bar:MNK # Minneapolis Keystones bar:SAB # San Antonio Black Bronchos bar:KCG # Kansas City (KS) Giants bar:LNG # Lincoln Giants bar:ANT # All Nations bar:FLP # French Lick Plutos bar:HSG # Homestead Grays / Washington (Homestead) Grays bar:IND # Indianapolis ABCs (I) bar:LNS # Lincoln Stars bar:DNM # Dayton Marcos bar:CSE # New York Cuban Stars / Havana Cuban Stars / Cuban Stars (East) bar:BBS # Baltimore Black Sox (I) bar:HLD # Hilldale bar:ABG # (Atlantic City) Bacharach Giants bar:DET # Detroit Stars (I) bar:ABC # Atlanta Black Crackers (I) / Indianapolis ABCs (IV) bar:NSH # Nashville Standard Giants / N. Elite Giants / Cleveland Cubs / N.E.G. / Columbus E.G. / Washington E.G. / Baltimore E.G. bar:BBB # Birmingham Black Barons bar:KCM # Kansas City Monarchs bar:MGS # Montgomery Grey Sox (I) bar:COL # Columbus Buckeyes bar:PKS # Pittsburgh Keystones (II) bar:MRM # Monroe Monarchs bar:NCS # New Orleans Crescent Stars bar:CTS # Cleveland Tate Stars bar:HBG # Harrisburg Giants bar:TOL # Toledo Tigers bar:MIL # Milwaukee Bears bar:WLM # Washington Potomacs / Wilmington Potomacs bar:MRS # Memphis Red Sox bar:CVB # Cleveland Browns bar:NWS # Newark Stars bar:CLE # Cleveland Elites bar:CLH # Cleveland Hornets bar:CLT # Cleveland Tigers bar:PHT # Philadelphia Tigers bar:LWS # Louisville White Sox bar:INA # Indianapolis ABCs (II) / Detroit Stars (II) bar:NYB # Harlem Black Bombers / New York Black Yankees bar:PBG # (Philadelphia) Bacharach Giants bar:PBC # Pittsburgh Crawfords / Toledo Crawfords / Indianapolis Crawfords bar:MGG # Montgomery Grey Sox (II) bar:LOU # Louisville Black Caps / Columbus Turfs bar:CVS # Cleveland Stars bar:DTW # Detroit Wolves bar:NWB # Newark Browns bar:WSP # Washington Pilots bar:CAC # Columbus Blue Birds / Akron Black Tyrites / Cleveland Giants bar:PHS # Philadelphia Stars bar:NWD # Newark Dodgers bar:BKE # Brooklyn Eagles bar:NWE # Newark Eagles bar:INC # Miami Giants / Ethiopian Clowns / Cincinnati Clowns / Indianapolis-Cin. Clowns / Cin. Clowns / Indianapolis Clowns bar:CRS # Cleveland Red Sox bar:BLB # Baltimore Black Sox (II) bar:ZCG # Zulu Cannibal Giants bar:CNT # Cincinnati Tigers bar:NYC # New York Cubans bar:DTS # Detroit Stars (III) bar:IAT # Indianapolis Athletics bar:SLS # St. Louis Stars (II) bar:WSB # Washington Black Senators bar:JAX # Jacksonville Red Caps / Cleveland Bears bar:SNO # Indianapolis ABCs (III) / St. Louis Stars (III) / New Orleans–St. Louis Stars / Harrisburg–St. Louis Stars bar:ATB # Atlanta Black Crackers (II) bar:CBE # Cincinnati-Cleveland Buckeyes / Cleveland Buckeyes / Louisville Buckeyes Define $Up = shift:(,1) Define $Left = anchor:from align:right shift:(-1,) Define $LeftIn = anchor:from align:left shift:(25,) Define $LeftMargin = anchor:from align:left shift:(3,) Define $UpLeft = anchor:from align:right shift:(-1,1) Define $UpLeftIn = anchor:from align:left shift:(25,1) Define $UpLeftMargin = anchor:from align:left shift:(1,1) Define $Right = anchor:till align:left shift:(2,) Define $RightMargin = anchor:till align:right shift:(-2,) Define $RightIn = anchor:till align:right shift:(-25,) Define $UpRight = anchor:till align:left shift:(2,1) Define $UpRightMargin = anchor:till align:right shift:(-2,1) Define $UpRightIn = anchor:till align:right shift:(-25,1) Define $UpUpRight = anchor:till align:left shift:(2,10) Define $Down = shift:(,-10) Define $Downx2 = shift:(,-20) Define $DownRight = anchor:till align:left shift:(2,-10) Define $DownLeft = anchor:from align:right shift:(-2,-10) Define $DownLeftMargin = anchor:from align:left shift:(1,-10) PlotData = color:inactive textcolor:black width:20 fontsize:S mark:(line,black) anchor:middle # other options are anchor:from anchor:till align:center # other options are align:left align:right shift:(0,-5)
bar:CBG from:1885 till:1892 color:iceblue text:" " bar:CBG from:1892 till:1893 color:inactive text:" " bar:CBG from:1893 till:1915 color:iceblue text:"Cuban Giants" $LeftMargin bar:CBX from:1897 till:1897 text:"Part of the Giants revolted in~1897 and formed the X-Giants" $UpLeft bar:CBX from:1897 till:1908 color:gold text:"Cuban X-Giants" bar:CUN from:1888 till:1901 color:orange text:"Chicago Unions" bar:CUN from:1901 till:1901 text:"The Chicago Unions and the Chicago Columbia Giants merged" $DownLeftMargin bar:CCG from:1899 till:1901 color:yellow text:"Chicago~Columbia Giants" $UpRightMargin bar:CCG from:1901 till:1901 text:"for the 1901 season creating the Chicago Union Giants" $UpLeftMargin bar:CUG from:1901 till:1905 color:vegasgold text:"Chicago~Union Giants" $UpRightMargin bar:CUG from:1905 till:1910 color:vegasgold text:"Leland~Giants (I)" $UpLeftMargin bar:CHG from:1910 till:1910 text:"The Leland Giants split into two teams for the 1910 season" $DownLeft bar:CHG from:1910 till:1922 color:purple text:"Chicago Giants" bar:CAG from:1910 till:1910 text:"creating the Chicago Giants and the new Leland Giants" $UpLeft bar:CAG from:1910 till:1911 color:yellowgreen text:"Leland~Giants (II)" $UpLeftMargin bar:CAG from:1911 till:1953 color:yellowgreen text:"Chicago American Giants" bar:SLG from:1906 till:1922 color:limegreen text:"St. Louis Giants" $RightIn bar:SLG from:1922 till:1932 color:limegreen text:"St. Louis Stars (I)" $RightIn bar:CSW from:1906 till:1920 color:redorange text:"Cuban Stars of Havana" $LeftMargin bar:CSW from:1920 till:1922 color:redorange text:"Cincinnati~Cuban Stars" $Up bar:CSW from:1922 till:1933 color:redorange text:"Cuban Stars (West)" $RightMargin bar:SPG from:1907 till:1911 color:skyblue text:"St. Paul~Colored Gophers" $UpRightMargin bar:SPG from:1911 till:1912 color:skyblue text:"Twin City~Gophers" $UpLeftMargin bar:HSG from:1912 till:1938 color:yelloworange text:"Homestead Grays" bar:HSG from:1938 till:1952 color:yelloworange text:"Washington (Homestead) Grays" $RightMargin bar:CSE from:1916 till:1920 color:red2 text:"New York~Cuban Stars" $UpRightMargin bar:CSE from:1920 till:1921 color:red2 text:"Havana~Cuban Stars" $UpLeftMargin bar:CSE from:1921 till:1935 color:red2 text:"Cuban Stars (East)" $RightMargin bar:ABC from:1919 till:1939 color:sand text:"Atlanta Black Crackers (I)" bar:ABC from:1939 till:1940 color:sand text:"Indianapolis~ABCs (IV)" $UpLeftMargin bar:NSH from:1919 till:1921 color:yellow text:"Nashville~Standard Giants" $UpRightMargin bar:NSH from:1921 till:1931 color:yellow text:"Nashville~Elite Giants" $Up bar:NSH from:1931 till:1932 color:yellow text:"3" # Cleveland Cubs bar:NSH from:1932 till:1935 color:yellow text:"4" # Nash. E. G. bar:NSH from:1935 till:1936 color:yellow text:"5" # Columbus E. G. bar:NSH from:1936 till:1938 color:yellow text:"6" # Washington E. G. bar:NSH from:1938 till:1952 color:yellow text:"Baltimore Elite Giants" bar:NSH from:1952 till:1952 text:"3=Cleveland Cubs 4=Nash. E. G.~5=Columbus E. G. 6=Wash. E. G." $UpRight bar:WLM from:1923 till:1924 color:lightorange text:"Washington~Potomacs" $UpRightMargin bar:WLM from:1924 till:1926 color:lightorange text:"Wilmington~Potomacs" $UpLeftMargin bar:INA from:1931 till:1933 color:orange text:"Indianapolis~ABCs (II)" $UpRightMargin bar:INA from:1933 till:1934 color:orange text:"Detroit~Stars (II)" $UpLeftMargin bar:NYB from:1931 till:1932 color:brightgreen text:"Harlem~Black Bombers" $UpRightMargin bar:NYB from:1932 till:1960 color:brightgreen text:"New York Black Yankees" bar:PBC from:1931 till:1939 color:yellow2 text:"Pittsburgh~Crawfords" $UpLeftMargin bar:PBC from:1939 till:1940 color:yellow2 text:"Toledo~Crawfords" $UpRightMargin bar:PBC from:1940 till:1941 color:yellow2 text:"Indianapolis~Crawfords" $UpLeftMargin bar:NWD from:1933 till:1936 color:tan1 text:"Newark~Dodgers" $UpRightMargin bar:NWD from:1936 till:1936 text:"The Newark Dodgers and the Brooklyn Eagles merged" $DownLeftMargin bar:BKE from:1935 till:1936 color:teal2 text:"Brooklyn~Eagles" $UpRightMargin bar:BKE from:1936 till:1936 text:"for the 1936 season creating the Newark Eagles" $UpLeftMargin bar:INC from:1933 till:1936 color:sand text:"Miami~Giants" $UpLeftMargin bar:INC from:1936 till:1943 color:sand text:"Ethiopian Clowns" bar:INC from:1943 till:1944 color:sand text:"3" bar:INC from:1944 till:1945 color:sand text:"4" bar:INC from:1945 till:1946 color:sand text:"5" bar:INC from:1946 till:1963 color:sand text:"Indianapolis Clowns" bar:CRS from:1934 till:1935 color:darkblue text:"Cleveland~Red Sox" $UpLeftMargin bar:CRS from:1955 till:1955 mark:(line,majorGridColor) text:"3&5=Cincinnati Clowns~4=Indianapolis–Cincinnati Clowns" $UpRight bar:NYC from:1935 till:1937 color:gold text:" " $RightIn bar:NYC from:1939 till:1951 color:gold text:"New York Cubans" $RightIn bar:JAX from:1938 till:1939 color:vegasgold text:"Jacksonville~Red Caps" $UpLeft bar:JAX from:1939 till:1941 color:vegasgold text:"Cleveland~Bears" $Up bar:JAX from:1941 till:1943 color:vegasgold text:"Jacksonville~Red Caps" $UpRight bar:SNO from:1938 till:1939 color:yellow text:"1" bar:SNO from:1939 till:1940 color:yellow text:"2" bar:SNO from:1940 till:1942 color:yellow text:"3" bar:SNO from:1943 till:1944 color:yellow text:"4" bar:SNO from:1944 till:1944 text:"1=Indianapolis ABCs (III) 2=St. Louis Stars (III)~3=New Orleans–St. Louis Stars 4=Harrisburg–St. Louis Stars" $UpRight bar:CBE from:1942 till:1943 color:orange text:"1" bar:CBE from:1943 till:1949 color:orange text:"Cleveland~Buckeyes" $Up bar:CBE from:1949 till:1950 color:orange text:"3" bar:CBE from:1950 till:1951 color:orange text:"4" bar:CBE from:1951 till:1951 text:"1=Cincinnati–Cleveland Buckeyes~3=Louisville Buckeyes 4=Cleveland Buckeyes" $UpRight LineData = layer:back at:1893 color:gray2 # Panic of 1893, wiped out all but 2 Negro league teams at:1897 color:black frompos:1805 tillpos:1846 layer:front # Split of Cuban X-Giants at:1901 color:black frompos:1698 tillpos:1759 layer:front # Merge of at:1910 color:black frompos:1653 tillpos:1716 layer:front # Split of at:1920 color:black # beginning of organized league play at:1932 color:gray2 # Great Depression at:1936 color:black frompos:326 tillpos:389 layer:front # Merge of Newark Eagles at:1948 color:black # integration, teams considered minor league after this at:1966 color:black width:0.5 # virtual end of Negro league baseball See also
References
External links
3 : Negro league baseball|Articles which contain graphical timelines|Graphical timelines |
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