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词条 Timeline of online video
释义

  1. Overview

  2. Full timeline

  3. References

This is a timeline of online video, meaning Streaming Media delivered over the Internet.

Overview

Time period Key developments in Online Video
1995–2004 Early days of the world wide web. Several container formats for streaming the first videos are released. Some sites, like Newgrounds, heavily rely on these container formats to display online video. Due to quality issues caused by low bandwidth and bad latency, very little streaming video existed on the World Wide Web until 2002 when VHS quality video with reliable lip sync became possible.
2005–2010 Mass-streaming services like YouTube and Netflix become massively popular for streaming online video. Broadband penetration increases, allowing significant fractions of the population to stream online video. Macromedia Flash is the most popular format for displaying online video, as it is used by YouTube and many other sites.
2011–2016 HTML5 starts to displace Flash. Livestreaming becomes increasingly popular, especially in the form of services like Twitch.tv. Many social media startups integrate the streaming of short segments of video, like Vine and Keek. These are, in turn, integrated into the most popular services like Instagram and Facebook.

Full timeline

Year Month and date Event type Details
1995 September 5 Technology ESPN SportsZone streams a live radio broadcast of a baseball game between the Seattle Mariners and the New York Yankees to thousands of its subscribers worldwide using cutting-edge technology developed by a Seattle-based startup company named Real Networks – the first livestreaming event.[1]
1995 Technology Macromedia releases Shockwave Player for Netscape Navigator, which becomes the primary format of streaming media for the late 1990s and 2000s (until it is gradually supplanted by HTML5).[2]
1998 Late Technology MPEG-4, a method of defining compression of audio and visual (AV) digital data, is introduced.[3][4][5][6][7]
1999 Technology Microsoft introduces streaming feature in Windows Media Player 6.4. It introduces the ASF file format, which allows storage of multiple video and audio tracks inside a single file. It also introduces Windows Media streaming protocols that support switching streams during broadcast. This technology is most commonly referred to as Multiple Bit Rate ASF, or simply MBR.[8]
1999 June Technology Apple introduces a streaming media format in its QuickTime 4 application.[9]
2002 October Technology Adaptive bit rate over HTTP is created by the DVD Forum at the WG1 Special Streaming group.
2003 May Technology The On2 TrueMotion VP6 codec is released.[10]
2004 June Products MindGeek is founded as Too Much Media. Its name is changed to Manwin in 2010, and then MindGeek in October 2013. Its operations are primarily related to Internet pornography, but also include other online properties such as the comedy video website videobash.com and celebrity gossip site celebs.com.[11][12]
2005 January 25 Products Google Video launches.[13]
2005 March 15CompaniesDailymotion, a French video-sharing website, is founded.[14]
2005April 23Companies YouTube opens for video uploads, and the first YouTube video uploaded on April 23, 2005 is titled Me at the zoo.[15] Between March and July 2006, YouTube grows from 30 to 100 million views of videos per day.
2006 May 14 Companies Crunchyroll, an American website and international online community focused on video streaming East Asian media including anime, manga, drama, music, electronic entertainment, and auto racing content, is founded.[16]
2006 October 1 Companies Justin.tv, a live-streaming service that is the parent company of Twitch, is founded by Justin Kan.[17]
2006 September 7 Products Amazon introduces video on demand service Amazon Video.[18]
2006 October 9 Mergers Google acquires YouTube.[19]
2006 October 31 Companies LiveLeak, a UK-based video sharing website that lets users post and share videos (often of reality footage, politics, war, and other world events), is founded.[20]
2006 December Companies Youku, one of China's top online video and streaming service platforms, is founded.[21]
2007 January 15 Products Netflix announces that it will launch streaming video.[22]
2007 February Technology HTML5 specification introduces the video element for the purpose of playing videos. This allows embedding video to no longer necessitate a third-party plugin, as it can be played natively in the browser. HTML5 would later overtake Flash as the primary mechanism for broadcasting video.[23]
2007 Early Companies PornHub, a pornographic video sharing website, is founded by the web developer Matt Keezer as a website within the company Interhub.[24]
2007 September Companies Vevo is founded. It offers music videos from two of the "big three" major record labels, Universal Music Group and Sony Music Entertainment.[25]
2007 September 5 Technology Microsoft introduces Microsoft Silverlight, an application framework for writing and running rich Internet applications, similar to Adobe Flash.[26]
2008 February 25 Products DivX announces that it will shut down Stage6,[27] stating that it is unable to continue to provide the attention and resources required for its continued operation.[28]
2008 March 10 Technology Macromedia Flash moves to the H.264 encoding codec.[29]
2008 March 12 Companies Hulu, an online streaming service for TV/movies, launches for public access in the United States.[30]
2009 January Products Google discontinues the ability to upload videos to Google Video.[31]
2010 March Acquisitions PornHub is purchased by Fabian Thylmann as part of the Manwin conglomerate, now known as MindGeek.[32]
2010 April 22 Companies iQiyi, an online video platform based in Beijing, China launches.[33]
2010 December Companies Viki, an international video website offering TV shows, movies, and other premium content, is founded and gets Series A round funding.[34]
2011 January Technology Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP – which enables high quality streaming of media content over the Internet delivered from conventional HTTP web servers – becomes a draft international standard.[35] The MPEG-DASH standard is published as ISO/IEC 23009-1:2012 in April, 2012.
2011 April Companies Vudu announces the launch of its online streaming service.[36]
2011 May Acquisitions Manwin/MindGeek acquires the pornographic video sharing website YouPorn.[37]
2011 June 6 Companies Justin.tv spins off its gaming division as Twitch.tv, which officially launches in public beta.[38]
2011 July Companies Keek – a free online social networking service that allows its users to upload video status updates, which are called "keeks" – launches.[39]
2012 January 29 Companies Megaupload (and Megavideo) are shut down by the feds.[40]
2012 June Companies Vine, a short-form video sharing service where users can share six-second-long looping video clips, is founded by Dom Hofmann, Rus Yusupov, and Colin Kroll.[41][42]
2012 December Companies Snapchat adds the ability to send video snaps in addition to photos.[43]
2013 June 13 Product Instagram launches video sharing.[44]
2015 January 27 Products YouTube drops Flash for HTML5 video as default.[45]
2015 March Companies Periscope, a live video streaming app for iOS and Android developed by Kayvon Beykpour and Joe Bernstein is launched (and acquired by Twitter before its launch).[46]
2015 May Companies Meerkat, a mobile app that enables users to broadcast live video streaming through their mobile device, releases its app for both iOS and Android.[47]
2016 January Companies Facebook launches livestreaming to everyone with Facebook Live.[48]

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media-network/media-network-blog/2013/mar/01/history-streaming-future-connected-tv |title=A history of media streaming and the future of connected TV |newspaper=The Guardian |date= |author= |accessdate= July 28, 2016}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.softnavy.com/app/49/shockwave |title=Adobe Shockwave Player Download Free for Windows |newspaper=Softnavy.com |date= |author= |accessdate= August 1, 2016}}
3. ^{{citation|url=http://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_isoiec14496-1%7Bed3.0%7Den.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831041606/https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_isoiec14496-1%7Bed3.0%7Den.pdf |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2017-08-31 |format=PDF |title=ISO/IEC 14496-1:2004 – Third edition 2004-11-15 – Information technology — Coding of audio-visual objects — Part 1: Systems |author=ISO/IEC |date=2004-11-15 |accessdate=2010-04-11 }}
4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/standards/mpeg-4/mpeg-4.htm |title=Overview of the MPEG-4 Standard |author=WG11 (MPEG) |date= March 2002 |accessdate=2010-04-11}}
5. ^{{citation |url= http://www.ece.cmu.edu/~ece796/documents/MPEG4_Systems_CD_w1901.doc |format= MS Word .doc |title= Text for CD 14496-1 Systems |author=WG11 |date=1997-11-21 |accessdate= 2010-04-11}}
6. ^{{Cite web| url= http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/faq/mp4-sys/sys-faq-esm.htm | title = MPEG-4 Systems Elementary Stream Management (ESM) |date= July 2001 |accessdate= 2010-04-11}}
7. ^{{Cite web| url= http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/faq/mp4-sys/mp4-sys.htm |title=MPEG Systems (1-2-4-7) FAQ, Version 17.0 |date=July 2001 |accessdate=2010-04-11}}
8. ^{{cite web |url=http://alexzambelli.com/blog/2008/12/17/a-brief-history-of-multi-bitrate-streaming/ |title=A Brief History of Multi-Bitrate Streaming |newspaper=Alexzambelli.com |date= |author= |accessdate= July 31, 2016}}
9. ^{{cite web | title=Timeline of QuickTime Updates at the Apple Museum | url=http://www.theapplemuseum.com/index.php?id=41 | accessdate=January 8, 2007}}
10. ^CNET News (2003-05-13) On2 blows trumpet for new codec, Retrieved on 2009-08-17
11. ^{{cite web|author1=MindGeek|title=MindGeek|url=https://www.linkedin.com/company/mindgeek|website=LinkedIn|accessdate=23 December 2014|quote=Founded 2004}}
12. ^{{cite web|title=Manwin Canada: A Leader in Web Design, IT, Web Development & SEO!|url=http://ca.manwin.com/|website=ca.manwin.com|accessdate=23 December 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107010323/http://ca.manwin.com/|archivedate=7 November 2011|quote=Established in June 2004, Manwin is an international organization, with corporate offices in Europe.}}
13. ^Google Video Search Live
14. ^Carvajal, Doreen. "[https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/21/business/worldbusiness/21iht-motion24.html Taking on the Godzilla of video-sharing sites]. " The New York Times. Friday 21 March 2008. Retrieved 4 May 2011.
15. ^{{Cite news|title=YouTube: Overnight success has sparked a backlash|author=Alleyne, Richard|work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London | url =https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/2480280/YouTube-Overnight-success-has-sparked-a-backlash.html|accessdate=January 17, 2009 | date=July 31, 2008}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.icv2.com/articles/news/13922.html|title=Crunchyroll CEO: Making Online Anime Pay|publisher=ICv2|date=2008-12-15|accessdate=2008-12-15}}
17. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/justintv#/entity |title=Justin.TV |newspaper= |date= |author= |accessdate= June 23, 2016}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=97664&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=971365&highlight=|title=Amazon.com Investor Relations: Press Release|work=corporate-ir.net}}
19. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/Business/Google-closes-A2b-YouTube-deal/2006/11/14/1163266548827.html |title=Google closes $A2b YouTube deal |work=The Age |agency=Reuters |date=November 14, 2006 |accessdate = March 3, 2007 | location=Melbourne}}
20. ^Damn, a year already? liveleak.com, October 31, 2007
21. ^{{cite web|author=Kristen Nicole2007-11-21 06:47:07 UTC |url=http://mashable.com/2007/11/21/youku-funded/ |title=Youku Hits the Jackpot with $25M |publisher=Mashable.com |date=2007-11-21 |accessdate=2014-06-28}}
22. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/16/technology/16netflix.html |title=Netflix to Deliver Movies to the PC |newspaper=The New York Times |date= January 16, 2007 |author= |accessdate= May 21, 2016}}
23. ^{{cite web |url=https://blog.streamroot.io/history-of-online-video/ |title=The history of online video: the state of the art and how we got there |newspaper= |date= |author= |accessdate= July 28, 2016}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://nymag.com/news/features/70985/index1.html|title=The Geek-Kings of Smut|website=New York|accessdate=22 December 2014}}
25. ^{{cite news |title=Queen Rania calls on music world to support 1GOAL education campaign |url=http://www.tradingmarkets.com/.site/news/Stock%20News/2716825/ |date=December 10, 2009 |accessdate=September 3, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20121204191222/http://www.tradingmarkets.com/.site/news/Stock%20News/2716825/ |archivedate=December 4, 2012 |df= }}
26. ^{{cite web |url=http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb404713.aspx|title=Silverlight architecture |accessdate=2007-06-05 }}
27. ^{{cite news |url = http://investors.divx.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=295763 |publisher = DivX.com |date = February 25, 2008 |title = DivX Announces Plans to Shut Down Stage6.com |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080227231202/http://investors.divx.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=295763 |archivedate = February 27, 2008 |df = }}
28. ^{{cite web |title=Stage6 Shut Down|url=http://www.stage6.com/}}, stage6.com
29. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.adobe.com/devnet/flashplayer/articles/hd_video_flash_player.html |title=Exploring Flash Player support for high-definition H.264 video and AAC audio |newspaper=Adobe.com |date= |author= |accessdate= July 31, 2016}}
30. ^{{cite web |url=http://blog.hulu.com/2008/03/12/welcome-to-hulu/ |title=Welcome to Hulu « The Hulu Blog |newspaper=Blog.hulu.com |date= |author= |accessdate= May 30, 2016}}
31. ^Turning Down Uploads at Google Video, by Michael Cohen, Product Manager, January 14, 2009, Official Google Video Blog, accessed April 23, 2009
32. ^{{Cite news | first = Uwe | last = Buse | title = Harnessing the Internet: The German Porn King's Revolutionary Model | work = der Spiegel | date = 20 December 2012 | url = http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/fabian-thylmann-and-his-revolutionary-porn-business-model-a-873802-2.html }}
33. ^{{Cite web|title = Baidu {{!}} Press Releases|url = http://ir.baidu.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=188488&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1816090|website = ir.baidu.com|accessdate = 2015-12-29}}
34. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/viki#/entity |title=Viki |newspaper=Crunchbase |date= |author= |accessdate= July 31, 2016}}
35. ^ISO/IEC DIS 23009-1.2 Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH)
36. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/vudu-launches-streaming-service-26373/ |title=Vudu Launches Streaming Service |newspaper=|date= |author= |accessdate= May 30, 2016}}
37. ^{{cite web|title=Manwin Acquires YouPorn.com|url=http://business.avn.com/articles/technology/Manwin-Acquires-YouPorn-com-435351.html|website=AVN|accessdate=20 December 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402042905/http://business.avn.com/articles/technology/Manwin-Acquires-YouPorn-com-435351.html|archivedate=2 April 2014|date=10 May 2011}}
38. ^{{cite web |url=https://thenextweb.com/media/2011/06/06/twitchtv-justin-tvs-killer-new-esports-project/ |title=Twitch TV: Justin.tv's killer new esports project |first=Alex|last=Wilhelm |date=June 6, 2011 |publisher=The Next Web}}
39. ^{{cite web| last = Dobby | first = Christine | title = Toronto's Keek raises $18M for social video networking platform | url=http://business.financialpost.com/2013/01/17/torontos-keek-raises-18m-for-social-video-networking-platform/ | accessdate = January 17, 2012}}
40. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ew.com/article/2012/01/19/megaupload-megavideo-shut-down-fbi |title=Megaupload (and Megavideo) shut down by the Feds |newspaper=Ew.com |date= |author= |accessdate= July 31, 2016}}
41. ^{{cite web|last=Sippey |first=Michael |url=https://blog.twitter.com/2013/vine-new-way-share-video |title=Vine: A new way to share video |publisher=Twitter |work=Twitter Blog |date=January 24, 2013 |accessdate=July 25, 2013}}
42. ^{{cite web |last=Crook |first=Jordan |date=January 24, 2013 |title= Twitter's 6-Second Video Sharing App, Vine, Goes Live In The App Store |url= https://techcrunch.com/2013/01/24/twitters-video-sharing-app-vine-goes-live-in-the-app-store/|work=TechCrunch |accessdate=January 26, 2013}}
43. ^J.J. Colao, [https://www.forbes.com/sites/jjcolao/2012/12/14/snapchat-adds-video-now-seeing-50-million-photos-a-day/ "Snapchat Adds Video, Now Seeing 50 Million Photos A Day"], Forbes, Dec 14, 2012. Retrieved May 16, 2016.
44. ^{{cite web |url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/06/20/facebook-instagram-video/ |title=Instagram Launches 15-Second Video Sharing Feature, With 13 Filters And Editing |newspaper=Techcrunch.com |date= |author= |accessdate= April 15, 2016}}
45. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/1/27/7926001/youtube-drops-flash-for-html5-video-default |title=YouTube drops Flash for HTML5 video as default |newspaper=Theverge.com |date= |author= |accessdate= July 31, 2016}}
46. ^{{cite web | title = What it's like to sell your startup for ~$120 million before it's even been launched: Meet Twitter's new prized possession, Periscope | last = Shontell | first = Alyson | work = Business Insider | date = 26 March 2015 | accessdate = 26 March 2015 | url = http://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-periscope-and-why-twitter-bought-it-2015-3 }}
47. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/meerkat-raises-12-million-2015-3 |title=Meerkat raises $12 million - Business Insider |newspaper=Businessinsider.com |date= |author= |accessdate= July 31, 2016}}
48. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.wired.com/2016/01/facebook-livestreaming-opens-up-to-everyone-with-an-iphone/ |title=Facebook Livestreaming Opens Up to Everyone With an iPhone |newspaper=Wired.com |date= |author= |accessdate= July 31, 2016}}

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