| 释义 |
- Prior to 20th century
- 20th century
- 21st century
- See also
- References
- Bibliography in English in other languages
- External links
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Qom, Iran. {{Dynamic list}}{{TOC right}}Prior to 20th century{{History of Iran}}- 685 - Arab Shia Muslim refugees settle in Qom.{{sfn|Stanley|2008}}
- 804/805 - Qom gains "administrative independence from Isfahan."{{sfn|Calmard|1980}}
- 816 - Death of Fātimah bint Mūsā (sister of 8th Imam of Twelver Shia Islam); shrine develops thereafter.{{sfn|Stanley|2008}}
- 825 - Qom "attacked."{{sfn|Stanley|2008}}
- 988 - Ḥasan b. Moḥammad Qomi writes Tāriḵ-e Qom (city history).{{sfn|Drechsler|2005}}
- 1034 - Hassan-i Sabbah born in Qom (approximate date).
- 1224 - City besieged by Mongol forces.{{sfn|Calmard|1980}}
- 1393 - Timur in power.{{sfn|Drechsler|2009}}
- 1442 - City becomes seat of government of Timurid monarch Sultan Muhammad bin Baysonqor.{{sfn|Calmard|1980}}
- 1447/1448 - City sacked by Qara Qoyunlu forces.{{sfn|Drechsler|2009}}
- 1469 - Ağ Qoyunlu in power.{{sfn|Drechsler|2009}}
- 1501 - Twelver Shia Islam declared official state religion in Iran, a development beneficial to Qom as a holy city (approximate date).[1]
- 1722 - Qom sacked by Afghans.{{sfn|Stanley|2008}}
- 1883 - "New court" built at the Fatima shrine.{{sfn|Calmard|1980}}
20th century- 1920 - Population: 30,000-40,000 (approximate estimate).[2]
- 1922 - Qom Seminary (hawza) established.
- 1923 - Printing press in operation.[3]
- 1950 - Population: 83,235 (estimate).{{sfn|Barthold|1984}}
- 1960 - Population: 105,272 (estimate).[4]
- 1963
- Mar'ashi Najafi library established.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}}
- Religious leader Khumayni arrested and exiled.{{sfn|Calmard|1980}}
- 1966 - Population: 134,292.{{sfn|Calmard|1980}}
- 1974 - Mohemmat Sazi Football Club formed.
- 1975 - "Riots involving 'Muslim Marxists.'"{{sfn|Calmard|1980}}
- 1976 - Population: 246,831.{{sfn|Barthold|1984}}
- 1978 - 7–9 January: Iranian Revolution against Pahlavis begins in Qom.{{sfn|Calmard|1980}}
- 1982 - Population: 424,000 (estimate).[5]
- 1996
- Center for the Revival of Islamic Heritage established.[3]
- Population: 777,677.[6]
- 1999 - February: Local election held.[7]
21st century- 2008 - Yadegar-e Emam Stadium opens.
- 2009
- December: Funeral of religious leader Hussein-Ali Montazeri.
- Qom Monorail construction begins.
- 2011 - Population: 1,074,036.[8]
- 2013 - 14 June: Local election held.
- 2014 - City becomes part of newly formed national administrative Region 1.
See also- Qom history
- {{illm|History of Qom|fa|پیشینه قم}}
- Category:Monuments in Qom (in Persian)
- Timelines of other cities in Iran: Bandar Abbas, Hamadan, Isfahan, Kerman, Mashhad, Shiraz, Tabriz, Tehran, Yazd
References1. ^{{cite web |work=Oxford Art Online |subscription=yes |title= Qum |author=Massumeh Farhad }} Retrieved 13 February 2017
2. ^{{cite book |title= Statesman's Year-Book |year=1921 |location=London |publisher= Macmillan and Co.|chapter= Persia |chapterurl= https://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101072368440?urlappend=%3Bseq=1219 |via=HathiTrust |quote= Kom }}
3. ^1 {{cite book|editor =J.T.P. de Bruijn |title=General Introduction to Persian Literature |series= History of Persian Literature |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CLXpAwAAQBAJ|year=2008|publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-0-85773-650-5}}
4. ^{{cite book |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1960_round.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook 1965 |year=1966 |publisher=Statistical Office of the United Nations |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=140–161 |quote=Ghom }}
5. ^{{cite book |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1980_round.htm |title=1985 Demographic Yearbook |year=1987 |author=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=247–289 }}
6. ^{{cite book |title= Statesman's Yearbook 2003 |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7XXQDQAAQBAJ |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |location=UK |isbn= 978-0-333-98096-5 |chapter=Countries of the World: Iran }}
7. ^{{cite book|title=Europa World Year Book |year=2004|publisher=Europa Publications |isbn=978-1-85743-255-8 |chapter= Iran |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=wGA4o-UhAfgC }}
8. ^{{cite web |url= http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2015.htm |work=Demographic Yearbook 2015 |year=2016 |publisher=United Nations Statistics Division |title= Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants }}
This article incorporates information from the Persian Wikipedia.Bibliography{{Refbegin}}in English- {{cite book |author=George Nathaniel Curzon |title= Persia and the Persian Question |location= London |year= 1892
|pages= 6–12 |volume= 2
|chapter= (Kum)
|chapterurl= https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.32044022702278?urlappend=%3Bseq=28
}}- {{cite book |title= Eastern Persian Irak |author= Albert Houtum-Schindler |location=London |publisher= J. Murray and Royal Geographical Society |year= 1897
|chapter= Province of Kom |pages=56+
|chapterurl= https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015000658461?urlappend=%3Bseq=68
}}
| title = Encyclopaedia Britannica
| publication-place = New York
| publication-date = 1910
| edition=11th
| oclc = 14782424
| chapter = Kum (province)
| chapterurl = https://books.google.com/books?id=7T8OAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA945
| ref = {{harvid|Britannica|1910}}
}}- {{cite book|author= C. A. Storey |title=Persian Literature: a Bio-Bibliographical Survey |publisher= Luzac & Company |location= London |oclc=1312518 |year= 1936
|chapter= History of Persia: Qum
|volume=1 |pages=
}}- {{cite book |author= Laurence Lockhart |title= Persian Cities |location=London |oclc=1370385 |pages= 127–131 |year=1960 }}
- {{cite book |title= Encyclopaedia of Islam |publisher=Brill |editor= C. Edmund Bosworth |display-editors=etal |edition=2nd |year=1980
|author= Jean Calmard |chapter= Kum |pages= 369–372 |volume= 5
| ref = {{harvid|Calmard|1980}}}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=J5U3AAAAIAAJ via Google Books] - {{cite book|author= W. Barthold |others=Translated by Svat Soucek |title= Historical Geography of Iran|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Baz_AwAAQBAJ |publisher= Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-4008-5322-9 |year=1984
|chapter= Isfahan, Kashan, and Qum
|pages= 178–179
| ref = {{harvid|Barthold|1984}}
}}- {{cite journal |author=Ernst Hunziker |title= Qom: Holy City of the Mullahs |journal= Swiss Review of World Affairs |issn=0039-7490 |publisher= Neue Zürcher Zeitung |date= April 1994
}}- {{Citation |title=International Dictionary of Historic Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R44VRnNCzAYC |editor= Noelle Watson |publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn |isbn=9781884964039 |year= 1996
|chapter= Qom |pages= 600+
}}- {{cite web |work= Encyclopædia Iranica |year=2005
|url= http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/tarik-e-qom
|title= Tāriḵ-e Qom |author= Andreas Drechsler
| ref = {{harvid|Drechsler|2005}}}} (About city history written in 10th century) - {{Citation |publisher = ABC-CLIO |publication-place = Santa Barbara, USA |editor1=Michael R.T. Dumper |editor2=Bruce E. Stanley |isbn=9781576079195 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=3SapTk5iGDkC |title = Cities of the Middle East and North Africa |publication-date = 2008
|chapter= Qom |pages= 301+
| ref = {{harvid|Stanley|2008}}
}}- {{cite web |work= Encyclopædia Iranica |year=2009
|url= http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/qom-i-history-safavid-period
|title= Qom: History to the Safavid Period |author= Andreas Drechsler
| ref = {{harvid|Drechsler|2009}}}} (Includes bibliography) - {{citation |title=Among the Mullahs |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2010/01/among-the-mullahs/307832/ |author=Graeme Wood |work=The Atlantic |location=USA |year= 2010 }}
- {{cite web |work= Encyclopædia Iranica |year= 2012
|url= http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bibliographies-ii
|title= Bibliographies and Catalogues in Iran: Qom
|author1= Aḥmad Monzawī |author2= ʿAlī Naqī Monzawī
}}in other languages- {{cite book |author=António Baião |title=Itinerarios da India a Portugal por terra |location=Coimbra |pages= |language=pt |url=http://dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/535844 |via= Digital Library of India |year=1923 }} (Includes information about Qom)
- {{cite book |author= Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad Qummī |title= Tarikh-i Qumm |editor=Jalāl al-Dīn Ṭihrānī |location= Tehran |language=fa |oclc=54247737 |year=1934 }} (Written in 10th century in Arabic)
- {{cite book |author= Fredy Bemont |title= Les Villes de l'Iran |location=Paris |oclc=489929494 |language=fr |pages= 179–182 |year= 1969 }}
- {{citation |author= Hossein Modarressi Tabataba'i |title= Qom dar qarn-e nohom-e hejri, 801-900 |location= Qom |language=fa |oclc= 21745342 |year= 1971 }}
- {{cite journal |author= Marcel Bazin |title=Qom, ville de pèlerinage et centre régional |journal= Revue Géographique de l'Est |issn=0035-3213 |language=fr |volume=13 |number=1-2 |url=http://www.persee.fr/doc/rgest_0035-3213_1973_num_13_1_1245 |via= Persée |year=1973
}} {{free access}} - M. Tabataba’i. Turbat-i Pākān [Monuments and buildings of Qom], 2 vols (Qom, 1976)
- {{citation |author= Andreas Drechsler |title= Geschichte der Stadt Qom im Mittelalter (650-1350): politische und wirtschaftliche Aspekte |isbn=3879972761 |series= Islamkundliche Untersuchungen |language=de |location=Berlin |publisher=Klaus Schwarz Verlag |url= http://menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/iud/content/titleinfo/255772 |via= Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, {{illm|Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt|de}} {{illm|Menalib|de|lt=Menadoc}} |year= 1999 }}
- {{cite journal |title=Qom, la plus ancienne ville chiite de l’Iran |author= Djamileh Zia |url=http://www.teheran.ir/spip.php?article1488#gsc.tab=0 |journal =La Revue de Téhéran |language=fr |number= 72 |date=2011 }}
{{refend}}External links{{Commons category|Qom}}- {{cite web |editor = Houchang E. Chehabi |work= Bibliographia Iranica |title=Cities: Qom |url= http://www.isgmit.org/resource/isgnews/ind.php?id=329 |publisher= Iranian Studies Group at MIT |location=USA }} (Bibliography)
- Items related to Qom, various dates (via Qatar Digital Library)
- {{cite web |work= Women's Worlds in Qajar Iran |url= http://search.qajarwomen.org/search?query=Qom&lang=en |title=(Qom) |publisher=Harvard University |quote=Primary-source materials related to the social and cultural history of women's worlds in Qajar Iran }}
- {{cite |url=http://www.asnad.org/en/browse/key/place/en/237/ |title= (Qom) |work=Asnad.org: Digital Persian Archive |publisher=Philipps-Universität Marburg |quote= Image Database of Persian Historical Documents from Iran and Central Asia up to the 20th Century }}
- [https://www.europeana.eu/portal/search.html?query=Qom+Iran&rows=96 Items related to Qom], various dates (via Europeana)
- Items related to Qom, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)
{{Years in Iran}} 3 : Years in Iran|Qom|Timelines of cities in Iran |