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词条 Timeline of the Anglophone Crisis (2019)
释义

  1. January

  2. February

  3. March

  4. April

  5. References

This is a timeline of the Anglophone Crisis in Cameroon during 2019.

January

  • On January 2, armed men chopped the hands or fingers off at least half a dozen workers at Cameroon Development Corporation.[1] No one claimed responsibility for the attack, and separatist movements were quick to condemn the act.[2]
  • On January 3, armed men burned down the residence of Minister Dion Ngute in Bobongo, Ekondo-Titi, Southwest Region.[3] In Mbelenka, Lebialem, three gendarmes were wounded in a separatist attack.[4] In Widikum, Momo Division, an Ambazonian general was killed when security forces raided a separatist camp. Government forces claimed that 17 separatists were killed during the raid, while the separatists claimed that the general was the sole loss.[5] In Fundong, a police officer was killed.[6]
  • On January 4, separatists killed two soldiers and wounded two more in Fundong, seizing their weapons.[6]
  • On January 5, separatist militias demanded 15 million FCFA to restore pipe bone water to the Mile 4 neighborhood of Limbe. The militias had blocked the water reservoir in Wotutu months prior, and had accused the villagers and the Chief of Wotutu of not cooperating with them. To pay off the sum, each household in Wotutu and Mile 4 contributed 2000 FCFA.[7] In Kumba, armed men attempted to shut down the neighborhood of Kosala, but had to retreat when security forces intervened. Inhabitants said that the armed men identified as "Amba boys", but some speculated that they were thieves who tried to take advantage of the ongoing conflict.[8]
  • On January 6, Anglophone Cameroonians in the diaspora organized protests to mark the first anniversary of the arrest of the Ambazonian leadership. Throughout the day, armed clashes took place in Muyuka, Bafut. Mundum and Mamfe.[9] In Mamfe, two Ambazonian generals were killed when their camps were raided by the Rapid Intervention Batallion.[10]
  • On January 7, separatists carried out a ghost town in Buea, prompting the mayor of the city, Patrick Ekema, to close shops and businesses that did not stay open during the ghost town. He promised to defeat the ghost towns by January 31.[12]
  • On January 10, Ambazonia's first president Sisiku Julius Ayuk Tabe, as well as other Ambazonian leaders who had been extradited from Nigeria to Cameroon a year before, appeared before the Military Tribunal in Yaoundé. Separatists enforced a ghost town that shut down Buea.[11] In Muyuka, heavy clashes led to a large military deployment.[12] The crackdown in Muyuka continued into the next day, prompting civilians to flee into the forest.[13] In Yoke, a village in Muyuka, two government soldiers and two separatist fighters were killed in a shootout, in which a civilian was killed by a stray bullet as well.[14]
  • On January 11, government soldiers ambushed and killed at least 21 separatist fighters in Mbot, Nkambé, Northwest Region. According to villagers, the soldiers burned down several houses during the attack.[15] On the Kumba-Buea Highway, suspected separatists forced hundreds of travellers out of their vehicles and seized valuables that were left behind. The gunmen stole millions of franc CFA from travelling business people.[16]
  • On January 12, at least seven suspected separatists were killed in Alabukam, Northwest Region,[17] bringing the total number of separatists killed over the weekend to at least 28. The separatists claimed to have killed six soldiers over the weekend.[18]
  • On January 13, the lawyer of Ambazonia's first president Sisiku Julius Ayuk Tabe, who had been under arrest for a year and stood trial in Cameroon, said that his client was ready for direct negotiations on four conditions: That the negotiations took place outside Cameroon, a ceasefire, that all prisoners be released, and a general amnesty.[19]
  • On January 15, unidentified gunmen kidnapped at least 36 people at the Buea-Kumba Highway.[20] They were released the next day, while the kidnappers held on to phones and money.[21]
  • On January 17, a well-known investor and cattle owner from Wum was assassinated by suspected separatists.[22] As a response, government forces raided a separatist camp in Wum two days later, killing at least six separatists.[23]
  • On January 19, unidentified gunmen set a truck on fire in Nkwen, Bamenda. Gunshots in front of public buildings forced civilians to flee.[24]
  • On January 20, several houses were torched in Weh, Menchum Division. Local sources blamed men dressed in military uniforms.[24]
  • On January 22, the head of a decapitated security guard was displayed on a stick in the Kosala neighborhood of Kumba.[25]
  • On January 23, three people were arrested in Mamfe for smuggling ammunition from Nigeria.[26]
  • On January 24, the leader of Southern Cameroons Defence Forces (SOCADEF), General Andrew Ngoe, was killed in Matoh, Mbonge, alongside several other SOCADEF fighters. SOCADEF confirmed the loss.[27] In Kumba, separatists publicly flogged a youngster for stealing vegetable oil from a displaced family and refusing to pay a fine.[28] In Kumbo, Bui Division, separatists claimed to have killed a Cameroonian colonel named Youba Ousmanou; the Cameroonian Army denied that anyone with that name served in the army.[29]
  • On January 25, two lawyers were kidnapped in Buea.[30]
  • On January 28, two separatists were killed during a clash in Bambili, and another three near Bamenda, where a policeman was also killed.[31] Clashes also took place in Bafut,[32] where Cameroonian forces launched a two-day offensive in which they captured a separatist camp. 14 separatists were killed in Bafut, while government casualties remained unclear.[33]

February

  • On February 2, three civilians were shot dead while participating in the funeral procession of a dead relative in Widikum, Momo Division. Their convoy had been stopped by separatist fighters, and security forces subsequently stormed the area. It remains unclear who fired the lethal shots.[34] In Kumba, overnight clashes kept thousands awake.[35]
  • On February 4, separatists declared a 10-day lockdown, telling people all across the Anglophone regions to stay at home from February 5-14.[36] The lockdown was a matter of controversy among the separatists, with a spokesperson of the Ambazonia Defence Forces arguing that it would be counterproductive.[37] In Mamfe, the corpses of nine young men were discovered.[38] In Ndu, at least three separatist fighters were killed in clashes with the army,[39] before heavy rains forced the army to abort its operation and retreat.[43] In Limbe, a military officer was killed in the neighborhood of Mukunda.[40] In Buea, one person was killed and another was wounded by armed men.[41]
  • On February 5, separatists initiated the planned ten-day lockdown. Large parts of Buea were closed down, while armed clashes took place in Muea and Muyuka. Most of Bamenda was closed down, with smaller clashes taking place.[42] In Muyuka, an Ambazonian Colonel was killed alongside two other separatist fighters.[43] In Mbengwi, two separatists died while attacking the Divisional Office there.[44]
  • On February 6, gunmen clashed with the security forces and burned three vehicles in Buea. A headless body was also discovered, possibly a security officer.[45] A banker who ran into the gunmen was shot.[46] In Bole-Bakundu, Mbonge, at least 22 people were killed when the army moved against separatists.[47] In Widikum, separatists attacked a military brigade, wounding five soldiers.[48] The United States announced it would be withholding military support to Cameroon over the government's handling of the crisis.[49]
  • On February 7, gunmen invaded parts of Limbe.[50] In Ndawara, Northwest Region, a separatist ambush on a military truck left six government soldiers wounded, three seriously. The security forces claimed to have killed 10 separatists.[51] 15 human rights organizations, including Civicus and the Centre for Human Rights and Democracy in Africa, called on the UN to investigate "serious" human rights violations committed by Cameroonian troops.[52]
  • By February 8, according to Cameroon, 69 people had been killed in fighting since Tuesday ahead of Cameroon's Youth Day on the 11th, including 47 separatists, 16 civilians and six government soldiers. The separatists claimed to have killed more soldiers.[53]
  • On February 10, five youths were found massacred in Ekona.[54] In Kumba, a gunfight took place inside a market.[55]
  • On February 11, Youth Day celebrations had negligible turnout in the Anglophone regions, the Interim Government of Ambazonia having declared a lockdown in advance. In Bamenda, the Governor of Northwest Region, Adolph Lele l’Afrique, was escorted by soldiers to attend a small celebration. The military escort came under fire while driving to the ceremony, possibly resulting in casualties. The celebrations were boycotted in most major cities in the Anglophone regions, including Buea, Kumbo, Belo, Ndop, Ndu, Wum, Muyuka, Mamfe, Tombem, Mundemba and Lebialem, while there was a comparatively significant turnout in Nkambe.[56] In Kumba, unidentified arsonists put a hospital on fire, leading to the death of at least four people. The Cameroonian Army blamed separatists,[57] while separatists[58] and some eye witnesses claimed the army burned down the hospital after learning that separatist fighters were being treated there.[59] The Cameroonian Army also announced it had captured around 200 mercenaries who were about to disembark near Idenau.[60]
  • On February 12, there was a failed arson attempt on a hospital in Kumba.[61] Three corpses were left in the Kosala neighborhood of Kumba, possibly casualties from a gunfight just after midnight.[62] When the Governor of the South West Region travelled to Kumba to visit the hospital that was burned the day before, his convoy was attacked multiple times, leaving four soldiers injured.[59]
  • On February 14, the separatist-imposed ten-day lockdown came to an end. In Kumba, a staff member of the Kumba II council was killed by unidentified gunmen.[63]
  • On February 15, separatists blocked the Kumba-Mamfe highway.[64]
  • On February 16, the army stormed a neighborhood of Kumba after separatist fighters had been seen dancing in the streets there.[65] In Kumbo, unidentified gunmen abducted 176 people from Saint Augustine’s College, and released them the next day. The school subsequently announced it would shut down.[66]
  • On February 17, the Cameroonian military burned down at least 30 houses in Kumbo.[67]
  • On February 18, a police officer was killed in Kumba, and a Gendarmarie captain was killed in Mbonge.[68] In Mombo, Moungo Division, Littoral Region (roughly five kilometers across the border), unidentified gunmen struck late at night, killing two people and burning down the chief's palace.[69] In Bangem, gunmen attacked the Assistant Secretary General of President Paul Biya, Paul Elung Che, before making an unsuccessful attempt to burn down his residency.[70] In Elah, Bangem, suspected separatists put a house on fire, killing a man inside, before tracing down and killing his sons as well. According to sources, the man was accused of assisting the Cameroonian Army, while his sons served in the presidential guard.[71]
  • On February 19, at least six plantation workers had their fingers chopped up by unidentified gunmen in Tiko.[72]
  • On February 20, there were clashes in Buea.[73]
  • On February 21, separatists blocked a road in the Mile 14 Dibanda neighborhood of Buea, burning at least two vehicles.[74] In Bamenda, a journalist was kidnapped by gunmen and held captive for hours.[75]
  • On February 23, the annual Mount Cameroon Race of Hope was held in Buea. Due to separatist threats, attendance was marginal compared to previous years, with most of Buea being deserted.[76]
  • On February 24, a health center was burned down in the village of Nsuke, Tombel. Following the incident, the Divisional Officer of Tombel issued an ultimatum to the villagers of Nsuke, Mabe and Mbulle to arrest and hand over those responsible for the arson within 48 hours; he did not specify what would happen in the case of failure.[77]
  • On February 28, a vice principal was abducted from a high school in Kumba by gunmen, only to be released following the pleading of students and other teachers.[78] In Bafut and Mbiame, separatist attacks on army camps left one soldier and one separatist dead.[84]

March

  • On March 1, a corpse with bullet wounds was discovered in Buea. According to local accounts, he had been killed by the BIR while extorting money while claiming to be a separatist.[79] In Bamenda, a student was abducted.[86] In three localities in Northwest Region, around 10 people were killed by government soldiers.[80] In Nigeria, a Federal High Court Judge ordered the return of 69 Ambazonian leaders and activists, including President Sisiku Julius Ayuk Tabe, to Nigeria, as their deportation to Cameroon in January 2018 violated the Nigerian constitution. The court also ruled that they should all receive financial compensation for their wrongful deportation.[81]
  • On March 2, the regional delegate of Northwest Region to the Ministry of Environment was kidnapped along with his wife by unidentified gunmen.[82]
  • On March 4, separatists and government forces clashed in Tombel, as the latter raided the area to challenge a ghost town. At least three houses were destroyed during the confrontations.[83]
  • On March 6, gunmen blocked the Kumba-Mamfe road.[84]
  • On March 8, an Ambazonian general was killed in Mbonge.[85]
  • On March 9, security forces and suspected separatists clashed in Malende, Kumba. One civilian was reported missing.[86]
  • On March 10, gunmen beheaded a man and displayed his head in Kumba.[87]
  • On March 14, Cameroonian soldiers killed at least 12 people (several of whom were burned alive), injured more and burned down several houses in Dunga Mantung and Menchum.[88]
  • On March 15, deadly clashes took place in Kumbo. In Bamenda, four young men were killed in unclear circumstances.[89]
  • On March 16, a police officer was burned alive by suspected separatists in Bamenda. The incident was followed by armed clashes, as security forces chased the suspected separatists.[90]
  • On March 19, around 80 people were kidnapped by gunmen along the Kumba-Buea Highway. The Rapid Intervention Battalion intervened, and managed to rescue all those abducted.[91]
  • On March 20, former minister Emmanuel Ngafeson Banta was kidnapped by suspected separatists in Bamenda,[92] and spent ten days in captivity before being released by his captors.[93] In Buea, 20 students at the University of Buea were kidnapped by separatist fighters and forced to declare loyalty to Ambazonia on video. They were all released the following day, some with bodily injuries.[94] In Kumba, a separatist was killed and his corpse abandoned.[95] In Lebialem, a botched raid by the Red Dragon militia on a military base left five of their fighters dead, including an assistant of Field Marshall Lekeaka Oliver.[96] On the Kumba-Buea Highway, a pregnant woman was killed by a stray bullet.[97]
  • On March 22, the Seven Karta militia set up concrete walls on the Bafut-Bamenda Highway in the villages of Agyati and Chum.[98]
  • On March 23, a gunman attacked a police station in Kumba.[99]
  • On March 25, separatist fighters burned down a local Inn in Tombel, apparently to punish one of their commanders whom they accused of corruption. The Inn belonged to a relative of said commander.[100]
  • On March 26, gunfire exchanges happened repeatedly in Kumba.[101] In Widikum, a total of nine people, including a pastor, a nurse and possibly soldiers were killed in an armed clash between separatists and security forces.[102] In Buea, security forces stopped an attempt by gunmen to kidnap a teacher.[103] In Lebialem, security forces located and destroyed a Red Dragon base.[104]
  • On March 27, separatist fighters ambushed and killed two Cameroonian soldiers and two aides of a businessman in Donga-Mantung.[105]
  • On March 28, clashes in Wum left at least six people dead.[106]
  • On March 31, various Ambazonian movements (including the Interim Government, the Southern Cameroons National Council, Southern Cameroons Civil Society Consortium, Republic of Ambazonia and the African People's Liberation Movement) agreed to form the Southern Cameroons Liberation Council, a united front consisting of both separatists and federalists.[107]

April

  • On April 1, separatist fighters raided Penda Mboko, Littoral Region, where they attacked a security checkpoint and wounded three gendarmes. A 30-minute gunfight ensued, before reinforcements pushed the separatists back.[108] In Mutengene, Fako Division, mass arrests were carried out by security forces.[109]
  • On April 4, rumors of a separatist-imposed lockdown triggered an exodus of people from Buea. The Interim Government denied having ordered a lockdown.[110] The mayor of Buea said that businesses that did not remain open during the lockdown would be closed for 30 days.[118]
  • On April 5, the head coach of PWD Bamenda was kidnapped, held for a few hours and then released unharmed.[111] In Buea, a woman was killed by unidentified gunmen.[118]
  • On April 7, gunmen invaded parts of Buea and set fire to vehicles, triggering clashes with the security forces.[112]

References

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2. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/01/04/tikonational-times-gunmen-whose-identities-remain-unknown-attacked-at-least-a-dozen-workers-of-the-cameroon-development-corporation-cdc-wednesday-january-2-2019-in-the-night-inflicting-diverse/ Gunmen Defy ‘Ambazonia’ President’s Warnings, Attack CDC Workers], The National Times, Jan 4, 2019. Accessed Jan 4, 2019.
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37. ^[https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/cameroon-ambazonia-activists-divided-over-ten-day-lockdown/ Cameroon: Ambazonia activists divided over ‘ten-day lockdown’], Journal du Cameroun, Feb 4, 2019. Accessed Feb 4, 2019.
38. ^[https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/cameroon-at-least-nine-corpses-discovered-in-mamfe/ Cameroon: At least nine corpses discovered in Mamfe], Journal du Cameroun, Feb 4, 2019. Accessed Feb 4, 2019.
39. ^[https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/cameroon-at-least-three-suspected-separatist-fighters-killed-in-ndu/ Cameroon: At least three suspected separatist fighters killed in Ndu], Journal du Cameroun, Feb 4, 2019. Accessed Feb 4, 2019.
40. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/02/04/fright-has-gripped-the-city-of-limbe-fako-divisionsouth-west-region-of-cameroon-after-unknown-gunmen-invaded-the-village-of-mokunda-murdering-a-military-element-of-the-naval-base-around-4am-monday/ Shock In Limbe As Gunmen Invade Mukunda Village, Kill Military Officer], The National Times, Feb 4, 2019. Accessed Feb 4, 2019.
41. ^[https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/cameroonambazonia-fighters-kill-one-on-ghost-town-day-in-buea/ Cameroon:Ambazonia fighters kill one on ghost town day in Buea], Journal du Cameroun, Feb 5, 2019. Accessed Feb 5, 2019.
42. ^[https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/cameroongunshots-blackouts-open-day-one-of-ambazonia-lockdown/ Cameroon:Gunshots, blackout open day one of Ambazonia lockdown], Journal du Cameroun, Feb 5, 2019. Accessed Feb 5, 2019.
43. ^[https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/cameroon-ambazonia-colonel-killed-in-muyuka/ Cameroon: Ambazonia ‘Colonel’ killed in Muyuka], Journal du Cameroun, Feb 6, 2019. Accessed Feb 6, 2019.
44. ^[https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/cameroon-security-forces-kill-two-separatist-fighters-in-mbengwi/ Cameroon: Security forces kill two separatist fighters in Mbengwi], Journal du Cameroun, Feb 6, 2019. Accessed Feb 6, 2019.
45. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/02/06/at-least-one-person-believed-to-be-a-security-officer-is-feared-beheaded-in-buea-south-west-region-of-cameroon-as-gunmen-reign-havoc-in-the-bonduma-neighbourhood-setting-vehicles-ablaze-early-wedne/ Security Officer Feared Beheaded AS Gunmen Set Vehicles Ablaze In Buea], The National Times, Feb 6, 2019. Accessed Feb 6, 2019.
46. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/02/06/a-banker-in-buea-south-west-region-of-cameroon-is-in-a-critical-state-at-a-health-facility-after-gunmen-who-staged-arson-attacks-in-buea-early-wednesday-february-6-fired-at-him-while-he-went-jogging/ Banker in Critical Condition After Jogging Into Authors of Buea Arson Attacks], The National Times, Feb 6, 2019. Accessed Feb 6, 2019.
47. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/02/07/villagers-in-bole-banudu-mbonge-sub-division-meme-division-south-west-region-of-cameroon-have-confirmed-the-number-of-persons-buried-after-a-wednesday-february-6-confrontation-pitting-security-fo/ Villagers Bury 22 Corpses After Mbonge Village Massacre], The National Times, Feb 7, 2019. Accessed Feb 7, 2019.
48. ^[https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/cameroon-separatists-injure-five-soldiers-in-widikum/ Cameroon: Separatists injure five soldiers in Widikum], Journal du Cameroun, Feb 7, 2019. Accessed Feb 7, 2019.
49. ^Cameroon loses US military support over Anglophone crisis, Africa News, Feb 7, 2019. Accessed Feb 7, 2019.
50. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/02/07/at-least-a-car-has-been-set-ablaze-amid-gunshots-and-beatings-meted-on-commercial-bikers-and-passengers-in-some-neighbourhoods-of-limbe-fako-division-south-west-region-of-cameroon-owing-to-incursion/ Gunshots, Arson, Beatings Hit Limbe as Suspected Separatists Invade Neighbourhoods], The National Times, Feb 7, 2019. Accessed Feb 7, 2019.
51. ^10 separatists killed and 6 soldiers wounded in clash in Cameroon's troubled Anglophone region, Xinhuanet, Feb 7, 2019. Accessed Feb 7, 2019.
52. ^[https://www.news24.com/Africa/News/rights-groups-call-for-un-probe-in-anglophone-cameroon-20190207 Rights groups call for UN probe in Anglophone Cameroon], News24. Accessed Feb 8, 2019.
53. ^[https://www.voanews.com/a/nearly-70-killed-in-cameroon-as-separatists-stop-youth-week-activities/4779879.html/ Nearly 70 Killed in Cameroon as Separatists Stop Youth Week Activities], VOA News, Feb 8, 2019. Accessed Feb 8, 2019.
54. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/02/10/at-least-five-youths-have-died-under-controversial-circumstances-not-unconnected-to-the-war-against-separatists-in-the-locality-of-ekona-muyuka-sub-division-fako-division-south-west-region-of-camer/ Five Youngsters Massacred in Ekona Hours to Youth Day], The National Times, Feb 10, 2019. Accessed Feb 10, 2019.
55. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/02/10/scores-of-women-comprising-traders-and-buyers-alike-sustained-minor-injuries-early-sunday-february-10-as-gunfire-triggered-pandemonium-at-the-fiango-market-in-kumba-south-west-region-of-cameroon/ Women Bruised as Gunfire Force Traders, Population Out of Market], The National Times, Feb 10, 2019. Accessed Feb 10, 2019.
56. ^[https://nationaltelegraph.net/cameroon-lockdown-gunshots-frustrate-youth-day-force-buea-university-to-postpone-exams/ Cameroon: Lockdown, Gunshots Frustrate Youth Day, Force Buea University To Postpone Exams], National Telegraph, Feb 11, 2019. Accessed Feb 12, 2019.
57. ^[https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/cameroon-govt-accuses-ambazonia-separatists-of-torching-kumba-hospital/ Cameroon Gov’t accuses Ambazonia separatists of torching Kumba hospital], Journal du Cameroun, Feb 12, 2019. Accessed Feb 12, 2019.
58. ^{{Cite web|url=https://calrev.org/2019/02/11/african-powder-keg-cameroonian-conflict-and-african-security/|title=AFRICAN POWDER KEG: CAMEROONIAN CONFLICT AND AFRICAN SECURITY|last=Genin|first=Aaron|date=2019-02-11|website=The California Review|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-05}}
59. ^[https://nationaltelegraph.net/ambazonian-fighters-attack-governors-convoy-wound-four-soldiers/ Ambazonian Fighters Attack Cameroon Governor’s Convoy, Injure Four Soldiers], National Telegraph, Feb 12, 2019. Accessed Feb 12, 2019.
60. ^[https://www.newsghana.com.gh/cameroon-military-captures-boat-transporting-mercenaries/ Cameroon Military Captures Boat Transporting Mercenaries], News Ghana, Feb 14, 2019. Accessed Feb 14, 2019.
61. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/02/12/yet-to-be-identified-individuals-attempted-setting-fire-on-another-public-health-facility-in-kumba-meme-division-south-west-region-of-cameroon-in-the-night-of-monday-breaking-tuesday-february-12-l/ Failed Arson Attack Staged On Another Kumba Hospital], The National Times, Feb 12, 2019. Accessed Feb 12, 2019.
62. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/02/12/abandoned-corpses-of-youngsters-suspected-to-have-been-killed-in-line-with-the-military-crusade-against-separatists-in-english-speaking-cameroon-continue-to-put-the-population-of-kumba-south/ Abandoned, ‘Fresh’ Corpses ‘Choking’ Kumba Population], The National Times, Feb 12, 2019. Accessed Feb 12, 2019.
63. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/02/15/at-least-10-gunmen-suspected-to-be-separatists-agents-descended-on-ernest-ngufor-a-staff-of-the-kumba-ii-council-in-meme-division-south-west-region-of-cameroon-around-7pm-thursday-february-14-butc/ Gunmen Butcher Council Staff As Separatists Lockdown Expires], The National Times, Feb 15, 2019. Accessed Feb 17, 2019.
64. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/02/17/movement-along-the-kumba-mamfe-highway-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon-failed-to-resume-fully-friday-february-15-one-day-after-the-expiration-of-a-ten-days-separatists-lockdown-as-unkn/ Despite Expiration Of Separatists’ Lockdown, Gunmen Block Kumba-Mamfe Road], The National Times, Feb 17, 2019. Accessed Feb 17, 2019.
65. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/02/16/an-air-of-uncertainty-just-swept-across-portions-of-kumba-south-west-region-of-cameroon-moments-ago-following-the-spotting-of-gunmen-suspected-to-be-separatists-fighters-on-hospital-road-in/ Panic In Kumba As Suspected Separatists’ Spotted On Street], The National Times, Feb 16, 2019. Accessed Feb 17, 2019.
66. ^[https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/cameroon-kumbo-dicoese-shuts-down-school-after-release-of-kidnapped-students/ Cameroon: Kumbo dicoese shuts down school after release of kidnapped students], Journal du Cameroun, Feb 18, 2019. Accessed Feb 18, 2019.
67. ^[https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/cameroon-several-houses-burnt-down-in-kumbo/ Cameroon: Several houses burnt down in Kumbo], Journal du Cameroun, Feb 20, 2019. Accessed Feb 20, 2019.
68. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/02/18/at-least-two-security-officers-are-feared-killed-across-different-locations-in-meme-division-south-west-region-of-cameroon-early-monday-february-18-two-days-after-a-handful-of-women-and-youths-descen/ Two Security Officers Feared Killed Across Meme 48 Hours After Peace Protest], The National Times, Feb 18, 2019. Accessed Feb 18, 2019.
69. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/02/19/unknown-gunmen-invaded-the-village-of-mombo-moungo-division-littoral-region-of-cameroon-in-the-night-of-sunday-breaking-monday-february-18-killing-two-persons-attacking-the-chiefs-palace-and-firing/ Gunmen Strike Littoral Village, Kill Two, Raze Chief’s Palace], The National Times, Feb 19, 2019. Accessed Feb 19, 2019.
70. ^[https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/cameroon-gunmen-attempt-to-residence-of-biyas-aide/ Cameroon: Gunmen attempt to burn residence of Biya’s aide], Journal du Cameroun, Feb 20, 2019. Accessed Feb 20, 2019.
71. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/02/20/unknown-gunmen-in-bangem-kupemuanenguba-division-south-west-region-of-cameroon-went-amok-in-the-night-of-monday-breaking-tuesday-february-19-roasting-a-man-alive-in-his-house-and-slaughtering-his-t/ Gunmen Roast Man alive, Slaughter two Sons], The National Times, Feb 20, 2019. Accessed Feb 20, 2019.
72. ^[https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/cameroon-gunmen-chop-off-fingers-of-plantation-workers-in-tiko/ Cameroon: Gunmen chop off fingers of plantation workers in Tiko], Journal du Cameroun, Feb 20, 2019. Accessed Feb 20, 2019.
73. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/02/20/gunshots-have-been-heard-across-several-neighbourhoods-in-buea-south-west-region-of-cameroon-early-wednesday-february-20-same-day-the-trial-of-separatists-ambazonia-leaders-is-expected-to-re/ Gunshots Rattle Buea As Separatists’ Leaders Return To Court], The National Times, Feb 20, 2019. Accessed Feb 20, 2019.
74. ^[https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/cameroon-ambazonia-fighters-burn-two-cars-as-gushots-rage-along-mutengene-buea-road/ Cameroon: Ambazonia fighters burn two cars as gunshots rage along Mutengene-Buea road], Journal du Cameroun, Feb 21, 2019. Accessed Feb 23, 2019.
75. ^[https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/cameroon-kidnapped-journalist-finally-released/ Cameroon: Kidnapped journalist finally released], Journal du Cameroun, Feb 22, 2019. Accessed Feb 23, 2019.
76. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/02/23/insecurity-across-cameroons-trouble-hit-south-west-region-coupled-with-threats-from-separatists-activists-has-dealt-a-severe-blow-to-the-ambiance-and-huge-turnout-known-of-the-mounta/ Insecurity, Separatists’ Threats Block Population, ‘Buries’ Ambiance Of Mountain Race], The National Times, Feb 23, 2019. Accessed Feb 23, 2019.
77. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/02/26/inhabitants-of-nsuke-mbulle-and-mabe-villages-in-tombel-sub-division-kupemuanenguba-division-south-west-region-of-cameroon-have-been-tasked-to-produce-suspected-separatists-fighters-who-s/ Villages Tasked To ‘Arrest’ Suspected Separatists As Fire Ravages Health Center], The National Times, Feb 26, 2019. Accessed Feb 26, 2019.
78. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/03/01/around-11am-thursday-february-28th-panic-ripped-through-the-kumba-mbeng-neighbourhood-of-kumba-south-west-region-of-cameroon-the-chaos-was-provoked-by-the-presence-of-separatists-agents-sa/ Revisiting the Kidnap, Release of a Vice Principal; How A Gunman Overpowered 8 Teachers], The National Times, Mar 1, 2019. Accessed Mar 1, 2019.
79. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/03/01/at-least-one-person-has-been-discovered-death-around-the-university-junction-in-buea-south-west-region-of-cameroon-early-friday-march-1st-as-security-forces-continue-a-crackdown-on-separatists/ Buea Registers First Kiling, Arrest After Successful Mt. Cameroon Race], The National Times, Mar 1, 2019. Accessed Mar 1, 2019.
80. ^[https://www.newsghana.com.gh/about-10-killed-in-cameroons-restive-anglophone-region/ About 10 killed in Cameroon’s restive Anglophone region], News Ghana, Mar 3, 2019. Accessed Mar 3, 2019.
81. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/03/02/a-federal-high-court-judge-in-nigeria-has-ordered-the-countrys-government-to-bring-back-the-arrested-ambazonia-leaders-to-nigeria-and-compensate-5-million-naira-each-for-illegally-arresting-a/ Nigerian Court Grants Ambazonia Leaders 5 million Naira Compensation, Repatriation], The National Times, Mar 2, 2019. Accessed Mar 2, 2019.
82. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/03/03/the-regional-delegate-of-the-ministry-of-environment-nature-protection-and-sustainable-developmentminepded-in-cameroons-restive-north-west-region-muma-henry-awah-alongside-his-wife-are-rep/ Outrage Over Abduction of Regional Delegate, Wife in North West], The National Times, Mar 3, 2019. Accessed Mar 3, 2019.
83. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/03/05/the-cosmopolitan-locality-of-tombel-kupemuanenguba-division-south-west-region-of-cameroon-slipped-into-gun-battles-pitting-security-forces-and-gunmen-suspected-to-be-separatists-agents-fol/ Tombel Slips Into Gun Battles As Gunmen, Security Forces Clash Over Ghost Town], The National Times, Mar 5, 2019. Accessed Mar 5, 2019.
84. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/03/06/gunmen-suspected-to-be-separatists-agents-surfaced-on-the-fringes-of-ikiliwindi-village-konye-sub-division-meme-division-south-west-region-of-cameroon-blocking-traffic-on-the-kumba-mamfe/ Gunmen Block Kumba-Mamfe Road As Ambazonia Leaders Return To Court], The National Times, Mar 6, 2019. Accessed Mar 6, 2019.
85. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/03/09/the-death-has-been-reported-of-self-proclaimed-separatists-general-dan-pastor-known-to-have-been-operating-within-villages-in-fako-and-meme-divisions-south-west-region-of-cameroon-followin/ ‘Ambazonia’s’ ‘General’ Pastor Dies in Battle], The National Times, Mar 9, 2019. Accessed Mar 9, 2019.
86. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/03/15/search-operations-have-intensified-across-kumba-south-west-region-of-cameroon-following-the-disappearance-of-a-woman-scholastica-fonge-around-malende-village-on-saturday-march-9-after-security-fo/ Search Intensifies For Woman Missing After Gunfire Exchange Pitting Gunmen, Security Forces], The National Times, Mar 15, 2019. Accessed Mar 15, 2019.
87. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/03/10/gunmen-suspected-to-be-separatists-agents-have-beheaded-a-man-in-the-fiango-neigbhourhood-of-kumba-south-west-region-of-cameroon-moments-ago-this-sunday-march-10-triggering-sporadic-gunshot/ Shocking! Gunmen Behead Man In Kumba, Puts Head On Display], The National Times, Mar 10, 2019. Accessed Mar 11, 2019.
88. ^Thursday’s Incidents In Wum And Nkambe Central; Casualties You Should Know, Cameroon News Agency, Mar 16, 2019. Accessed Mar 18, 2019.
89. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/03/15/distress-reports-from-some-villages-across-cameroons-restive-north-west-region-since-thursday-march-14-point-to-homes-business-places-burnt-and-persons-killed-under-cloudy-circumstances/ Distress Across NW As Killings, Burnings Intensify Despite Calls For Peace], The National Times, Mar 15, 2019. Accessed Mar 15, 2019.
90. ^[https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/cameroon-police-officer-roasted-alive-by-ambazonia-fighters-in-bamenda/ Cameroon: Police officer ‘roasted alive’ by Ambazonia fighters in Bamenda], Journal du Cameroun, Mar 17, 2019. Accessed Mar 17, 2019.
91. ^[https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/cameroon-soldiers-rescue-passengers-freed-along-buea-kumba-road/ Cameroon: Soldiers rescue passengers freed along Buea-Kumba road], Journal du Cameroun, Mar 20, 2019. Accessed Mar 20, 2019.
92. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/03/20/cameroons-former-secretary-of-state-in-charge-of-the-penitentiary-administration-emmanuel-ngafeson-banta-is-feared-to-have-been-kidnapped-by-yet-a-group-of-unknown-gunmen-from-his-ntabessen-h/ Biya’s Former Secretary Of State Feared Kidnapped], The National Times, Mar 20, 2019. Accessed Mar 20, 2019.
93. ^[https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/cameroon-kidnapped-anglophone-minister-released/ Cameroon: Kidnapped Anglophone minister released], Journal du Cameroun, Apr 1, 2019. Accessed Apr 1, 2019.
94. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/03/21/the-release-has-been-reported-of-some-20-students-of-the-university-of-buea-south-west-region-of-cameroon-from-the-unknown-after-they-were-abducted-around-814-am-on-wednesday-march-20-while-on-a-p/ Kidnapped University Students Tortured, ‘Brainwashed’, Released At Nightfall], The National Times, Mar 21, 2019. Accessed Mar 21, 2019.
95. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/03/20/the-abandoned-corpse-of-a-suspected-separatist-fighter-killed-early-wednesday-march-20-in-the-bonakama-neighbourhood-of-kumba-south-west-region-of-cameroon-turned-out-to-be-a-scene-for-denizens-scr/ Commuters ‘Scramble’ To See Abandoned Corpse Of ‘Ambazonia’ Fighter], The National Times, Mar 20, 2019. Accessed Mar 20, 2019.
96. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/03/21/self-styled-separatists-general-eyikeh-assistant-to-field-marshal-leader-of-the-red-dragons-operating-in-lebialem-division-south-west-region-of-cameroon-alongside-four-o/ Field Marshal’s Assistant, Four Others Die In Battle Against Military Despite Importing A Native Doctor], The National Times, Mar 21, 2019. Accessed Mar 21, 2019.
97. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/03/22/a-stray-bullet-ripped-the-head-of-a-woman-whose-only-name-the-national-times-got-as-pepetua-on-board-a-public-transport-bus-along-the-kumba-buea-road-highway-on-wednesday-march-20-as-she-journeyed-t/ Bullet Rips Woman’s Head Apart On Board Public Transport Bus], The National Times, Mar 22, 2019. Accessed Mar 23, 2019.
98. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/03/22/another-separatists-group-of-the-anglophone-crisis-fame-known-as-the-seven-kattars-of-bafut-in-cameroons-north-west-region-have-erected-concrete-walls-on-the-highw/ Despite Lebialem Waterloo, Separatists Erect Wall on Bamenda-Bafut Road], The National Times, Mar 22, 2019. Accessed Mar 23, 2019.
99. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/03/24/a-contingent-of-police-and-gendarmerie-elements-in-kumba-south-west-region-of-cameroon-mobilised-around-4pm-saturday-march-23rd-to-the-fiango-vicinity-under-spontaneous-circumstances-after-a-gunman/ Military Battles Gun Attack On Police Station], The National Times, Mar 24, 2019. Accessed Mar 24, 2019.
100. ^[https://natimesnews.com/members-of-a-separatists-gang-operating-in-tombel-sub-division-south-west-region-of-cameroon-went-amok-monday-march-25th-setting-ablaze-a-local-inn-in-the-village-of-nyasoso-in-protest-of/ Ambazonia Fighters Burn Village Inn, Bully Commander Over Embezzlement], The National Times, Mar 28, 2019. Accessed Mar 28, 2019.
101. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/03/26/life-monetarily-came-to-a-halt-in-the-heart-of-fiango-kumba-south-west-region-of-cameroon-in-the-afternoon-hours-of-tuesday-march-26-as-a-mixed-contingent-of-security-forces-engaged-in-gunfire-ex/ Market, Churches, Businesses Shutdown As Military Battles Separatists’ In Gun Attack], The National Times, Mar 26, 2019. Accessed Mar 26, 2019.
102. ^[https://natimesnews.com/2019/03/27/shock-has-gripped-a-cross-section-of-the-population-of-cameroons-restive-north-west-region-following-news-of-the-killing-of-a-pastor-civilians-and-suspected-military-elements-in-a-crossfire/ Outrage Over Slaying Of Pastor, Others In Widikum Crossfire Despite Separatists’ Amulets], The National Times, Mar 27, 2019. Accessed Mar 27, 2019.
103. ^[https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/cameroon-security-forces-foil-attempt-by-armed-men-to-kidnap-teacher-in-buea/ Cameroon: Security forces foil attempt by armed men to kidnap teacher in Buea], Journal du Cameroun, Mar 27, 2019. Accessed Mar 27, 2019.
104. ^[https://natimesnews.com/cameroons-security-forces-ventured-into-a-separatists-camp-in-the-heart-of-lebialem-division-south-west-region-believed-to-be-that-of-the-armed-red-dragon-on-tu/ Military Inflicts More Pain On ‘Red Dragons’ After Death Of ‘Field Marshal’s’ Assistant], The National Times, Mar 28, 2019. Accessed Mar 28, 2019.
105. ^Two Soldiers, Aides Killed In Rom, Nwa Subdivision, Cameroon News Agency, Mar 27, 2019. Accessed Mar 28, 2019.
106. ^[https://natimesnews.com/at-least-six-persons-are-reported-killed-in-wum-menchum-division-of-the-north-west-region-under-circumstances-linked-to-the-clashes-pitting-security-forces-and-suspected-separatists-fight/ Anarchy Continues In Wum , More Die In War Against Separatists], The National Times, Mar 28, 2019. Accessed Mar 28, 2019.
107. ^[https://natimesnews.com/usa-national-times-the-quest-for-the-restoration-of-the-southern-cameroons-statehood-took-another-decisive-twist-on-friday-march-29-to-sunday-march-31-2018-when-leaders-of-the-various-movement-fi/ Anglophone Struggle Takes Another Kink, Separatists, Federalists Bury Hatchet, Create Southern Cameroons Liberation Council], The National Times, Apr 1, 2019. Accessed Apr 1, 2019.
108. ^[https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/cameroon-three-gendarmes-injured-as-suspected-ambazonia-fighters-attack-littoral-region-again/ Cameroon:Three gendarmes injured as suspected Ambazonia fighters attack Littoral region again], Journal du Cameroun, Apr 2, 2019. Accessed Apr 2, 2019.
109. ^[https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/cameroonsecurity-forces-carry-out-mass-arrests-in-mutengene/ Cameroon:Security forces carry out mass arrests in Mutengene], Journal du Cameroun, Apr 2, 2019. Accessed Apr 2, 2019.
110. ^[https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/cameroon-looming-ambazonia-lockdown-sparks-exodus-from-buea/ Cameroon: Looming Ambazonia lockdown sparks exodus from Buea], Journal du Cameroun, Apr 4, 2019. Accessed Apr 4, 2019.
111. ^[https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/cameroon-head-coach-of-pwd-bamenda-released-from-captivity/9 Cameroon: Head coach of PWD Bamenda released from captivity], Journal du Cameroun, Apr 6, 2019. Accessed Apr 7, 2019.
112. ^[https://natimesnews.com/at-least-two-taxis-have-gone-up-in-flames-in-buea-south-west-region-of-cameroon-triggering-sporadic-gunshots-as-security-forces-battle-to-restore-order-in-the-evening-hours-of-sunday-april-7th/ Gunmen Strike Buea As Controversial Lockdown Enters Second Week], The National Times, Apr 7, 2019. Accessed Apr 8, 2019.

2 : Anglophone Crisis|Timelines of military conflicts since 1945

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