| 释义 |
- 13th century 1200s 1210s 1220s 1230s 1240s 1250s 1260s 1270s 1280s 1290s
- 14th century 1300s 1310s 1320s 1330s 1340s 1350s 1360s 1370s 1380s 1390s
- 15th century 1400s 1410s 1420s 1430s 1440s 1450s 1460s 1480s
- 16th century
- See also
- References
- Bibliography
{{see also|Timeline of the Mongol Empire|Timeline of Mongols prior to the Mongol Empire}}This is a timeline of the Golden Horde. 13th century1200s| Year | Date | Event | | 1206 | Sinor|1990|p=30}} |
1210s| Year | Date | Event | | 1211 | Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty: Jochi, Ögedei, and Chagatai invade Inner Mongolia{{sfn>Atwood|2004|p=81}} | | 1213 | autumn | Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty: Jochi, Ögedei, and Chagatai ravage Hebei and Shanxi{{sfn>Atwood|2004|p=416}} | | 1216 | Atwood|2004|p=455}} | | 1218 | autumn | Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Muhammad II of Khwarezm's forces clash with a Mongol army led by Jochi and Subutai, the battle ending inconclusively{{sfn>Atwood|2004|p=431}} | | 1219 | fall | Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Ögedei and Chagatai take Otrar and massacres its population; Genghis Khan dispatches Jochi to conquer Syr Darya and another army to conquer Fergana{{sfn>Atwood|2004|p=307}} |
1220s| Year | Date | Event | | 1221 | April | Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Jochi, Chagatai, and Ögedei destroy Urgench while Tolui takes Nishapur and Herat{{sfn>Atwood|2004|p=307}} | | 1222 | Atwood|2004|p=455}} | | 1223 | 31 May | Battle of the Kalka River: Subutai and Jebe defeat the forces of Mstislav Mstislavich, Mstislav III of Kiev, Daniel of Galicia, Mstislav II Svyatoslavich, and Köten before sacking Novhorod-Siverskyi and heading back to Mongolia{{sfn>Atwood|2004|p=283}} | | Atwood|2004|p=121}} | | 1224 | Atwood|2004|p=53}} | | 1227 | Atwood|2004|p=416}} | | 1229 | Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria: Sunitay and Kukedey attack Bulgar outposts on the Ural River{{sfn>Atwood|2004|p=53}} |
1230s| Year | Date | Event | | 1236 | Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria: Subutai destroys Bolghar and takes Saqsin{{sfn>Atwood|2004|p=51}} | | 1237 | 21 December | Siege of Ryazan: Batu, Orda, Güyük, and Möngke sack Ryazan and Suzdal{{sfn>Atwood|2004|p=479}} | | 1238 | 4 March | Battle of the Sit River: Mongol Empire kills Yuri II of Vladimir{{sfn>Atwod|2004|p=479}} | | spring | Siege of Kozelsk: Batu struggles to take Kozelsk for two months before Kadan and Büri take it in three days{{sfn>Atwood|2004|p=36}} | | Atwood|2004|p=121}} | | 1239 | 3 March | Mongol invasion of Rus': Mongol Empire sacks Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi{{sfn>Atwood|2004|p=479}} | | 18 October | Mongol invasion of Rus': Mongol Empire sacks Chernihiv{{sfn>Atwood|2004|p=479}} |
1240s| Year | Date | Event | | 1240 | 6 December | Siege of Kiev (1240): Mongol Empire sacks Kiev, Halych, and Vladimir-Suzdal{{sfn>Atwood|2004|p=479}} | | 1241 | 9 April | Battle of Legnica: Orda defeats the combined force of Henry II the Pious, Mieszko II the Fat, Sulisław of Cracow, and Boleslaus Děpoltic{{sfn>Atwood|2004|p=79}} | | 11 April | Battle of Mohi: Boroldai and Subutai defeat a combined army from the Kingdom of Hungary, Croatia, and Knights Templar{{sfn>Atwood|2004|p=79}} | | December | Mongol invasion of Europe: Kadan crosses the Danube{{sfn>Atwood|2004|p=79}} | | 1242 | Mongol invasion of Europe: Mongol Empire forces Bulgaria to pay tribute{{sfn>Atwood|2004|p=73}} | | spring | Mongol invasion of Europe: Mongol forces retreat after receiving news of Ögedei Khan's death; Batu Khan stays at the Volga River and his brother Orda Khan returns to Mongolia{{sfn>Atwood|2004|p=79}} | | Atwood|2004|p=201}} | | 1245 | Atwood|2004|p=479}} | | Atwood|2004|p=205}} | | 1246 | 20 September | Atwood|2004|p=479}} | | 1248 | 20 April | Twitchett|1994|p=389}} |
1250s| Year | Date | Event | | 1251 | Atwood|2004|p=202}} | | 1255 | Atwood|2004|p=203}} | | Atwood|2004|p=37}} | | 1256 | Atwood|2004|p=79}} | | Atwood|2004|p=205}} | | 1257 | Atwood|2004|p=202}} | | 1258 | Atwood|2004|p=48}} | | 1259 | Second Mongol invasion of Poland: Berke and Boroldai invade Poland and Daniel of Galicia flees, however his sons and brother Vasilko of Galicia join the Mongols to plunder Lithuania and Polish territories{{sfn>Atwood|2004|p=79}} | | Atwood|2004|p=202}} |
1260s| Year | Date | Event | | 1260 | 2 February | Sack of Sandomierz (1260): Berke and Boroldai sack Sandomierz{{sfn>Atwood|2004|p=79}} | | Toluid Civil War: Berke of the Golden Horde allies with Ariq Böke and declares war on Hulagu Khan{{sfn>Twitchett|1994|p=412}} | | 1262 | Berke–Hulagu war: Berke of the Golden Horde allies with the Mamluks and invades Azerbaijan{{sfn>Twitchett|1994|p=412}} | | Atwood|2004|p=480}} | | 1263 | 13 January | Berke–Hulagu war: Berke defeats Hulagu Khan's army on the Terek River{{sfn>Atwood|2004|p=226}} | | Byzantine–Mongol alliance: Michael VIII Palaiologos marries Euphrosyne Palaiologina to Berke, who dies soon after, and marries Nogai Khan{{sfn>Jackson|2005|p=202}} | | 1264 | Mongol invasion of Thrace: Berke attacks Thrace and secures the release of Kayqubad II{{sfn>Jackson|2005|p=202}} | | 1266 | summer | Atwood|2004|p=234}} | | 1267 | Atwood|2004|p=122}} | | 1269 | Atwood|2004|p=83}} | | Jackson|2005|p=202}} |
1270s| Year | Date | Event | | 1273 | Atwood|2004|p=205}} | | Byzantine–Mongol alliance: Nogai Khan assists the Byzantines against Bulgaria{{sfn>Jackson|2005|p=203}} | | 1279 | Byzantine–Mongol alliance: Nogai Khan assists the Byzantines against Bulgaria{{sfn>Jackson|2005|p=203}} |
1280s| Year | Date | Event | | 1280 | Atwood|2004|p=207}} | | Jackson|2005|p=203}} | | 1282 | Byzantine–Mongol alliance: Nogai Khan sends forces to Byzantium to assist them against Thessaly{{sfn>Jackson|2005|p=203}} | | 1283 | Atwood|2004|p=206}} | | 1284 | Jackson|2005|p=203}} | | 1285 | Second Mongol invasion of Hungary: Golden Horde invades Hungary and reaches as far as Pest before being defeated and forced to retreat{{sfn>Jackson|2005|p=205}} | | 1287 | 6 December | Third Mongol invasion of Poland: Golden Horde invades Poland{{sfn>Jackson|2005|p=205}} | | Atwood|2004|p=206}} | | 1288 | February | Third Mongol invasion of Poland: Mongol forces are defeated and forced to retreat{{sfn>Jackson|2005|p=205}} | | 1289 | Atwood|2004|p=480}} |
1290s| Year | Date | Event | | 1291 | Atwood|2004|p=206}} | | Serbian conflict with the Nogai Horde: Serbia submits to the Golden Horde{{sfn>Jackson|2005|p=203}} | | 1293 | Jackson|2005|p=206}} | | 1295 | Jackson|2005|p=203}} | | 1296 | Atwood|2004|p=206}} | | 1298 | Jackson|2005|p=305}} | | 1299 | Atwood|2004|p=206}} |
14th century1300s| Year | Date | Event | | 1300 | Jackson|2005|p=204}} | | 1305 | Jackson|2005|P=206}} | | 1308 | Jackson|2005|p=305}} |
1310s| Year | Date | Event | | 1312 | Atwood|2004|p=206}} | | 1313 | Atwood|2004|p=206}} | | 1318 | Atwood|2004|p=206}} |
1320s| Year | Date | Event | | 1320 | Jackson|2005|p=203}} | | 1321 | Jackson|2005|p=203}} | | 1324 | Atwood|2004|p=206}}{{sfn|Jackson|2005|p=203}} | | 1326 | Jackson|2005|p=212}} | | 1327 | Tver Uprising of 1327: Tver rebels and is defeated{{sfn>Atwood|2004|p=480}} |
1330s| Year | Date | Event | | 1330 | Jackson|2005|p=204}} | | 1335 | Atwood|2004|p=206}} | | 1338 | Atwood|2004|p=207}} | | 1339 | ding of paper currency annually from the Yuan dynasty{{sfn>Atwood|2004|p=206}} |
1340s| Year | Date | Event | | 1340 | Jackson|2005|p=210}} | | 1341 | Atwood|2004|p=208}} | | 1342 | Atwood|2004|p=207}} | | 1345 | Jackson|2005|p=213}} | | 1346 | Jackson|2005|p=213}} |
1350s| Year | Date | Event | | 1352 | March | Jackson|2005|p=210}} | | 1357 | Atwood|2004|p=208}} | | 1359 | Atwood|2004|p=208}} |
1360s| Year | Date | Event | | 1360 | Atwood|2004|p=208}} | | 1362 | Atwood|2004|p=208}} | | 1363 | Battle of Blue Waters: Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Golden Horde and vassalizes Russian princes in the Dnieper region{{sfn>Atwood|2004|p=480}} |
1370s| Year | Date | Event | | 1378 | 11 August | Battle of the Vozha River: Dmitry Donskoy defeats a Mongol detachment{{sfn>Atwood|2004|p=481}} | | Atwood|2004|p=208}} |
1380s| Year | Date | Event | | 1380 | Atwood|2004|p=207}} | | 8 September | Battle of Kulikovo: Dmitry Donskoy defeats Mamai{{sfn>Atwood|2004|p=208}} | | 1381 | Atwood|2004|p=208}} | | 1382 | 26 August | Siege of Moscow (1382): Tokhtamysh sacks Moscow{{sfn>Atwood|2004|p=481}} | | 1387 | Jackson|2005|p=217}} |
1390s| Year | Date | Event | | 1391 | 18 June | Battle of the Kondurcha River: Timur attacks the Golden Horde and defeats Tokhtamysh{{sfn>Haperin|1985}}{{sfn|Jackson|2005|p=216}} | | 1395 | 15 April | Battle of the Terek River: Timur sacks New Sarai and Tokhtamysh is overthrown; Edigu seizes power and sets up Temür Qutlugh as puppet khan{{sfn>Atwood|2004|p=208}} | | 1397 | Jackson|2005|p=218}} | | 1399 | 12 August | Battle of the Vorskla River: Vytautas is defeated by Edigu and Tokhtamysh is forced to flee{{sfn>Jackson|2005|p=219}} |
15th century1400s| Year | Date | Event | | 1405 | Jackson|2005|p=219}} | | 1408 | Halperin|1985|p=57}}{{sfn|Jackson|2005|p=219}} |
1410s| Year | Date | Event | | 1411 | Atwood|2004|p=208}} | | 1412 | Jackson|2005|p=219}} | | 1413 | Jackson|2005|p=219}} | | 1418 | Jackson|2005|p=219}} |
1420s| Year | Date | Event | | 1428 | Halperin|1985|p=29}} |
1430s| Year | Date | Event | | 1430 | Cosmo|2009|p=253}} |
1440s| Year | Date | Event | | 1445 | Atwood|2004|p=208}} | | 1449 | Atwood|2004|p=208}} |
1450s| Year | Date | Event | | 1453 | Atwood|2004|p=208}} | | 1455 | Atwood|2004|p=343}} |
1460s| Year | Date | Event | | 1466 | Cosmo|2009|p=253}} |
1480s| Year | Date | Event | | 1480 | 8 October – 28 November | Great stand on the Ugra river: Grand Duchy of Moscow repels a Great Horde invasion{{sfn>Halperin|1985|p=59}} |
16th century| Year | Date | Event | | 1502 | Halperin|1985|p=59}} |
See also- Timeline of the Yuan dynasty
- Timeline of the Ilkhanate
- Timeline of the Chagatai Khanate
- Timeline of Mongolian history
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{{Mongol Empire}} 2 : Golden Horde|Mongol timelines |