| 词条 | Tokyo Watanabe Bank |
| 释义 |
It was founded in 1877 and managed by Watanabe Jiemon IX, who ranked as the fifth wealthiest landlord in Tokyo City during the first decade of the 20th century.[1][2][3] Upon his death in 1909, his son Genjiro took over presidency and renamed himself Watanabe Jiemon X.[2] BankruptcyDuring World War I, the Watanabe family made investment in unsound ventures by making the bank put out more than 26 million yen to them.[1][2] After the war and the Great Kantō earthquake, they began to have trouble repaying the debts, most of which were unsecured.[1][4] The president borrowed cash from usurers and diverted the working capital of its subsidiaries through fraud and misappropriation to avoid bankruptcy.[1][2] The bank became nearly insolvent as its shoestring operation came to light in business magazines in February 1927.[2] Its senior managing director was sent to the Ministry of Finance to ask for a government-financed bailout on 14 March 1927.[2] However, due to some miscommunication, Finance Minister Kataoka Naoharu stated in the Imperial Diet that the bank had just gone bankrupt.[2][5][6] His false statement led to a bank run and the bank's real bankruptcy, triggering the Shōwa financial crisis.[2][5] References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last1=Chō|first1=Yukio|editor1-last=Tsutsui|editor1-first=William M.|title=Banking in Japan: The evolution of Japanese banking, 1868-1952|date=1999|publisher=Taylor & Francis|page=112}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite journal|last1=Ogawa|first1=Isao|title=金融恐慌と機関銀行破綻 : 東京渡辺銀行の系列企業を中心に|journal=滋賀大学経済学部研究年報|date=1996|volume=3|pages=39–80|url=http://www.biwako.shiga-u.ac.jp/eml/nenpo/Vol3_1996/ogawa_vol03.pdf|accessdate=23 November 2015|publisher=Shiga University|language=Japanese|issn=1341-1608}} 3. ^{{cite journal|last1=Katō|first1=Yuriko|url=http://www.agulin.aoyama.ac.jp/mmd/library01/BD90020630/Body/y39u0173_194.html|title=明治における宅地所有の状況と貸地貸家経営(その1)|journal=青山學院女子短期大學紀要|date=10 November 1985|page=182|accessdate=23 November 2015|publisher=Aoyama Gakuin|language=Japanese|issn=0385-6801}} 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Tamaki|first1=Norio|title=Japanese banking : a history, 1859-1959|date=2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=9780521022330|page=152}} 5. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Metzler|first1=Mark|title=Lever of empire the international gold standard and the crisis of liberalism in prewar Japan|date=2006|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=9780520931794|pages=178–179}} 6. ^{{cite web|last1=Ohno|first1=Kenichi|title=Showa Financial Crisis of 1927|url=http://www.grips.ac.jp/teacher/oono/hp/lecture_J/lec08.htm|publisher=National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies|accessdate=23 November 2015}} 3 : Defunct banks of Japan|Banks established in 1877|Banks disestablished in 1927 |
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