“Anal language”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Anal language

释义

History
Geographical distribution
Alphabet
Vocabulary
References
Bibliography

{{Infobox language
| name = Anal
| nativename = Namfau
| states = India and Burma
| region = Southeast Manipur
| ethnicity = Anal people
| speakers = {{sigfig|123300|2}}
| date = 2011 census
| ref = e18
| familycolor = Sino-Tibetan
| fam2 = (Tibeto-Burman)
| fam3=Kuki-Chin
| fam4=Northwestern^[1]
| dia1 = Langet?
| iso3 = anm
| glotto = anal1239
| glottorefname = Anal
| linglist = qfs
| lingname = Langet
}}

Anal, also known as Namfau after the two principal villages it is spoken in, is a Northern Naga language, part of the Sino-Tibetan language family, spoken by the Anal people in India and a dwindling number in Burma. It had 83,000 speakers in India according to the 2001 census, and 55000 in Burma in 2010. It has two principal dialects, Laizo and Malshom, and is closest to Lamkang. The language of wider communication is Meithei.

Langet may be a dialect, though its position within Kukish is uncertain (Shafer 1955:106).{{update after|2012|9|27}}

Anal is written in the Latin script,^[2] with a literacy rate of about 87%.

History

The Namfau (Anal Naga) language started to be written down in the 19-20th century.

Geographical distribution

Anal is spoken in Chandel district, southeastern Manipur, on the banks of the Chakpi River in Chandel, Chakpikarong, and Tangnoupal subdivisions (Ethnologue).

Alphabet

The Latin alphabet is used. It consists of 26 letters.

Vocabulary

The following vocabulary exemplifies words in the language.^[3]

Anal	gloss	Anal	gloss
khol	'deep hole'; 'social division'	ahno	'kind of short skirt'
lunguin	'kind of long shawl'	zupar	'rice beer'
piruili	'elopement'	Jol min	'bride price'
ithin	'divorce'	sinnuperu	'adultery'
pakum	'hearth'	mote	'first-born'
kopu	'second-born'	cakhow	'brown rice'
khon	'fifty rupees'	thunlon	'grave'
dao	'kind of iron blade'	shingkho	'plate'
vopum	'basket'	athiru	'kind of marble necklace'
akarfo	'kind of China necklace'	sanamba	'kind of fiddle'
tilli	'kind of flageolet'	tuklee	'kind of loom'

References

1. ^DeLancey, Scott; Krishna Boro; Linda Konnerth1; Amos Teo. 2015. Tibeto-Burman Languages of the Indo-Myanmar borderland. 31st South Asian Languages Analysis Roundtable, 14 May 2015
2. ^{{harvnb|Bareh|2007|p=120}}
3. ^{{harvnb|Bareh|2007|pp=119–128}}

Bibliography

{{cite encyclopedia |last=Bareh |first=Hamlet|editor= |encyclopedia= |title=Encyclopaedia of North-East India: Manipur|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XScmdGvMf7IC&pg=PA120&dq=%22anal+language%22+india&hl=en&ei=ZQwcTp3OBZDOrQfa8_XeCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=12 July 2011|year=2007 |publisher=Mittai |volume=III |location=New Delhi |id= |isbn=81-7099-790-9|ref=harv }}
{{cite encyclopedia |last=Prakash |first=Col Ved|editor= |encyclopedia= |title=Encyclopaedia of North-East India |trans-title=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wxkC9S2jYCkC&pg=PA1515&dq=%22anal+language%22+india&hl=en&ei=ZQwcTp3OBZDOrQfa8_XeCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false |accessdate=12 July 2011|year=2007 |publisher=Atlantic |volume= |location=New Delhi |id= |isbn=81-269-0708-8|ref=harv }}

5 : Kukish languages|Languages of Manipur|Endangered Indian languages|Hmar|Endangered Sino-Tibetan languages

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