| 词条 | Anapidae |
| 释义 |
| image = Conoculus.lyugadinus.female.-.tanikawa.jpg | image_caption = female Conculus lyugadinus from Okinawa | taxon = Anapidae | authority = Simon, 1895 | diversity_link = List of Anapidae species | diversity = 57 genera, 220 species | diversity_ref = [1] | range_map = Distribution.anapidae.1.png | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = See text. }}Anapidae is a family of rather small spiders with 220 described species in 57 genera.[1] It includes the former family Micropholcommatidae as the subfamily Micropholcommatinae.[2] Most species are less than 2 mm long.[3] In some species (such as Pseudanapis parocula) the pedipalps of the female are reduced to coxal stumps.[3] Anapidae generally live in leaf litter and moss on the floor of rain forest. Many build orb webs with a diameter of less than 3 cm.[3] DescriptionSpiders of this family are very small, usually less than two millimeters long, and lack a cribellum. They can have either six or eight eyes, the rear median eyes either reduced or missing. The carapace is modified so that the eyes are raised higher than usual. Color can range from reddish brown to yellowish brown. Both margins of chelicerae have teeth. The legs are short and spineless. The labium has a spur that extends between the chelicerae and can be seen when the chelicerae are spread.[4] SystematicsThe family Micropholcommatidae was synonymized with this family by Schütt in 2003[5] and by Lopa et al. in 2011,[6][2] a change that has been accepted by the World Spider Catalog.[7] Genera{{As of|2017|03}}, the World Spider Catalog accepted the following genera:[7]{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
DistributionAnapidae are found worldwide, particularly in South America, Africa, Asia, Australia and New Zealand. Few genera occur in North America or Europe. Only Comaroma simoni and the three species of Zangherella are found in Europe; Gertschanapis shantzi and Comaroma mendocino are found in the United States.[7] See also
References1. ^1 {{cite web|title=Currently valid spider genera and species |work=World Spider Catalog |publisher=Natural History Museum Bern |url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/statistics/ |accessdate=2017-03-03 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151103044611/http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/statistics/ |archivedate=2015-11-03 }} 2. ^1 {{Cite journal |last=Hormiga |first=Gustavo |last2=Griswold |first2=Charles E. |year=2014 |title=Systematics, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Orb-Weaving Spiders |journal=Annual Review of Entomology |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=487–512 |doi=10.1146/annurev-ento-011613-162046 |pmid=24160416 |ref=harv |lastauthoramp=yes }} 3. ^1 2 Murphy & Murphy 2000 4. ^{{cite book| last1=Song| first1=D.X.| last2=Zhu| first2=M.S.| last3=Chen| first3=J.| year=1999| title=The Spiders of China| publisher=Hebei University of Science and Technology, Publishing House, Shijiazhuang| page=149}} 5. ^{{Citation |last1=Schütt |first1=K. |date=2003 |title=Phylogeny of Symphytognathidae |journal=Zoologica Scripta |volume=32 |pages=129–151 |doi=10.1046/j.1463-6409.2003.00103.x}} 6. ^{{Citation |last1=Lopardo |first1=L. |last2=Giribet |first2=G. |last3=Hormiga |first3=G. |date=2011 |title=Morphology to the rescue: molecular data and the signal of morphological characters in combined phylogenetic analyses — a case study from mysmenid spiders (Araneae, Mysmenidae), with comments on the evolution of web architecture |journal=Cladistics |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=278–330 |doi=10.1111/j.1096-0031.2010.00332.x |lastauthoramp=yes }} 7. ^1 2 {{cite web |title=Family: Anapidae Simon, 1895 |work=World Spider Catalog |publisher=Natural History Museum Bern |url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/family/6 |accessdate=2017-03-03 }} Bibliography
3 : Anapidae|Araneomorphae families|Cosmopolitan spiders |
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