“Trichuris ovis”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Trichuris ovis, commonly known as a whipworm, is a nematode belonging to the genus Trichuris. This whipworm species was first discovered in 1795 and is known to infect sheep and goats.^[1]^[2]^[3] These organisms are capable of inhabiting any region that has the aforementioned hosts, as can be attested by the numerous reports of T. ovis findings throughout North and South America, Australia, Europe, and Asia.^[1] Information regarding the species' general life cycle and egg development can be seen in the Trichuris page.

Morphology

This species of whipworm is white and is known to have a long, thin neck that composes two-thirds of its body, and a short, thick posterior. The male organisms of T. ovis usually range from 53.04mm-75.08mm in length, while their female counterparts are approximately 32.03-70.19mm in length. The spicule length is 4.18-5.62mm for both genders. Both genders also have bacillary bands. T. ovis that inhabit different species of sheep or goats can have slightly different morphologies.^[4]

Symptoms and Treatment

Like all whipworms, T. ovis primarily inhabit the host’s cecum. However, sheep and goats are rather resistant to the parasite infection and often do not experience many symptoms. If the host is heavily infected, a large portion of the blood vessels located in the cecal wall will be consumed. This eventually results in the thickening of the wall, thus preventing that region of the large intestine from absorbing fluids causing the host to have diarrhea.^[5]^[6] This can be extremely detrimental for the host during a drought. Although sheep and goats are relatively resistant to them, T. ovis is one of the most common nematode parasites, and many of the aforementioned hosts are infected by this species of whipworm. As a result, farmers began treating infected livestock with anthelmintics, an internal pesticide, in hopes of eradicating these infections. Unfortunately, there have been cases reported where the parasites are resistant to these treatments, thus prompting researchers to develop potential vaccines to combat such resistant whipworms.^[7]

References

1. ^¹{{cite book|last1=Ransom|first1=Brayton|title=The Nematodes Parasitic in the Alimentary Tract of Cattle, Sheep, and Other Ruminants|date=1911|publisher=U.S. Department of Agriculture|location=Washington D.C.|pages=110–117|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FYY-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA123&lpg=PA123&dq=trichuris+ovis&source=bl&ots=--0R1kWXOQ&sig=-0MrCkdPVJwxUsitSo66psQQHh4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi3m5ewpaLJAhWMRSYKHcr1A4o4FBDoAQgbMAA#v=onepage&q=trichuris%20ovis&f=false|accessdate=23 November 2015}}
2. ^{{cite web|title=Trichuris|url=http://sydney.edu.au/vetscience/sheepwormcontrol/topics/parasites/trichuris.html|website=Sydney.edu.au|publisher=Australian Wool Innovation & The University of Sydney|accessdate=23 November 2015}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=Trichuris ovis|url=http://parasites.czu.cz/parasites/parasite.php?idParasite=109|website=Parasites.czu.cz|publisher=Czech University of Life Sciences Prague|accessdate=23 November 2015}}
4. ^{{cite journal|last1=Knight|first1=Robert|title=Morphological Differences in Trichuris ovis Associated with Different Host Species|journal=The Journal of Parasitology|date=1984|volume=70|issue=5|pages=842–843|doi=10.2307/3281784}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=The Biology of the Goat|url=http://www.goatbiology.com/animations/trichuris.html|website=GoatBiology.com|publisher=Karin Christensen|accessdate=23 November 2015}}
6. ^{{cite book|last1=Kaufmann|first1=Johannes|title=Parasitic Infections of Domestic Animals: A Diagnostic Manual|date=1996|publisher=Birkhauser Verlag|location=Switzerland|isbn=3764351152|pages=50–51|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fUBq2P3vgokC&pg=PA50&lpg=PA50&dq=trichuris+discolor+distribution&source=bl&ots=vkDB7-yT7B&sig=tCOTBJl7LfvSZHXHRFMzhC1rWxc&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwikh8iw-6fJAhXI7CYKHXEHCS8Q6AEIMTAD#v=onepage&q=trichuris%20discolor%20distribution&f=false|accessdate=23 November 2015}}
7. ^{{cite journal|last1=Kuchai|first1=Javid|last2=Ahmad|first2=Fayaz|last3=Chishti|first3=Mohammad|last4=Dar|first4=Javid|last5=Tak|first5=Hidayatullah|title=On Morphology and Morphometry of Trichuris ovis Abildgaard, 1795 Recovered from Ruminants of Ladakh, India|journal=Journal of Buffalo Science|date=2013|volume=2|issue=1|pages=49–52}}