| 词条 | Anatoly Efros |
| 释义 |
| name = Anatoly Efros | image= Anatoly Efros.jpg | caption = | pseudonym = | birthname =Anatoly Vasilievich Efros | birth_date = {{Birth date|1925|7|16}} | birth_place = Kharkiv, USSR | age = | death_date = {{death date and age|1987|1|13|1925|7|16|}} | death_place = Moscow, USSR | death_cause = myocardial infarction |resting_place = Kuntsevo Cemetery | occupation =theatre director, film director | alias = | gender = | status = | title = | family = | spouse = Natalia Krymova | children =Dmitry Krymov | relatives = }}Anatoly Vasilievich Efros ({{lang-ru|Анато́лий Васи́льевич Э́фрос}}; July 3, 1925, Kharkiv — January 13, 1987, Moscow) was a Russian and Soviet theatre director. He was a leading interpreter of Russian classics during the Era of Stagnation and "received numerous awards for creative excellence".[1] His writings on theatre were published in English under the titles The Joy of Rehearsal: Reflections on Interpretation and Practice ({{ISBN|9780820463384}}) and The Craft of Rehearsal: Further Reflections on Interpretation and Practice ({{ISBN|9780820488608}}). Children's Theatre and the LenkomEfros was born in Kharkiv. In 1954, he was appointed to run the Central Theatre for Children in Moscow and managed to transform it from a conservative backwater into one of the most fashionable Soviet theatres. At that early period, he staged many plays by Victor Rozov, including Searching for Happiness (1957), Unequal Battle (1960), Before Supper (1962). In 1963, Efros moved to the Lenkom Theatre and worked there for three years. It was there that he staged another Rozov's play, On the Wedding Day (1964). Viña Delmar's Make Way for Tomorrow was produced by him in the Mossovet Theatre (1966), with Faina Ranevskaya and Rostislav Plyatt in leading roles. Malaya Bronnaya TheatreThe most fruitful period of Efros's career is associated with his work in the Malaya Bronnaya Theatre [2] (1967-84). While working in that theatre, he attracted the crowds of Moscow intelligentsia to his impeccably acted productions of Chekhov's Three Sisters (1967), Moliere's Don Juan (1974), and Gogol's The Marriage (1974).[3] The Communist authorities did not fail to detect a note of discontent in his interpretations of classics and moved to shut them down.[4] Olga Yakovleva and Lev Durov were the actors he most frequently worked with. In 1978, he filmed his fifth and final movie, On Thursday, and Never Again. This psychologically poignant drama, set in the taut atmosphere of Chekhov's plays, featured an impressive cast of actors, led by Innokenty Smoktunovsky.[5] Taganka TheatreIn the 1970s, Efros collaborated with the stage director Yury Lyubimov on several projects. In 1973, for instance, he directed a TV adaptation of Mikhail Bulgakov's play The Cabal of Hypocrites, with Lyubimov in the title role of Molière. Two years later, Lyubimov invited Efros into his own Taganka Theatre to stage The Cherry Orchard. Both directors were drawn to the traditions of Vsevolod Meyerhold and Yevgeny Vakhtangov. In 1984, after Lyubimov left the Taganka Theatre for the West, Efros accepted an offer to run that theatre. Most of the actors, however, treated him as an enemy and sometimes flatly refused to cooperate with him. It is thought that the conflict with the Taganka actors contributed to Efros's premature death. References1. ^[https://books.google.ru/books?id=hRtqTy1-Aw8C The Joy of Rehearsal: Reflections on Interpretation and Practice] 2. ^МВronnaya.theatre.ru 3. ^Gogol's "The Marriage" 4. ^James N. Loehlin. The Cambridge Introduction to Chekhov. Cambridge University Press, 2010. P. 172-173. 5. ^Энциклопедия отечественного кино External links
8 : Russian and Soviet theatre directors|Soviet film directors|Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples|Russian Academy of Theatre Arts alumni|High Courses for Scriptwriters and Film Directors faculty|1925 births|1987 deaths|Burials at Kuntsevo Cemetery |
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