| 词条 | Tupuangi Formation |
| 释义 |
| name = Tupuangi Formation | period = Cenomanian | age = {{fossilrange|Cenomanian|Turonian|Cenomanian-Turonian}} | image = | imagesize = | caption = | type = Geological formation | prilithology = Sandstone, siltstone | otherlithology = Conglomerate | unitof = Waihere Bay Group | subunits = Kokowai Allomember, Waihere Allomember, Morgan's Hollow Allomember | underlies = Kahuitara Tuff | overlies = Unseen | thickness = Not bounded, {{Convert|430|m|ft|abbr=on}} exposed onshore, possibly {{Convert|700|m|ft|abbr=on}} offshore | area = | map = {{Location map+ | Pacific Ocean | relief = 1 | width = 250 | float = center | places = | lat_deg = -44.259111 | lon_deg = -176.249194 | mark = Lightgreen pog.svg | marksize = 12 }} | map_caption = | location = | region = Oceania | country = {{Flag|New Zealand}} | extent = Pitt Island, Chatham Islands | namedfor = Tupuangi, Pitt Island | namedby = | year_ts = | location_ts = Northern end of Waihere Bay | coordinates_ts = {{Coord|44|15|32.8|S|176|14|57.1|W|display=inline,title}} | paleocoordinates_ts = {{coord|78.9|S|135.9|W|display=inline}} | region_ts = | country_ts = | thickness_ts = ~{{convert|400|m|ft|abbr=on}} }} The Tupuangi Formation is a geological formation in New Zealand, only exposed on Pitt Island in the Chatham Islands. It is the oldest exposed sedimentary unit within the archipelago. It was deposited in terrestrial deltaic to paralic conditions during the Cenomanian to Turonian stages of the Late Cretaceous. During this time period the Chatham Islands were attached to Antarctica within the Antarctic Circle, at approximately 70° to 80° south. The lithology consists of a basal congolomerate, which grades into sandstone and carbonaceous siltstone in the upper part of the formation.[1] The formation is notable for its fossil content, including many varieties of plant,[2][3][4] as well as insects.[5] See also{{Portal|Geology|Paleontology|Cretaceous|Prehistory of Oceania}}
References1. ^{{Cite journal|last=Mays|first=Chris|last2=Stilwell|first2=Jeffrey D.|date=May 2013|title=Pollen and spore biostratigraphy of the mid-Cretaceous Tupuangi Formation, Chatham Islands, New Zealand|journal=Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology|volume=192|pages=79–102|doi=10.1016/j.revpalbo.2012.12.008|issn=0034-6667}} 2. ^{{Cite journal|last=Pole|first=Mike|last2=Philippe|first2=Marc|date=September 2010|title=Cretaceous plant fossils of Pitt Island, the Chatham group, New Zealand|journal=Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology|volume=34|issue=3|pages=231–263|doi=10.1080/03115511003659085|issn=0311-5518}} 3. ^{{Cite journal|last=Mays|first=Chris|last2=Cantrill|first2=David J.|date=2018-01-04|title=Protodammara reimatamoriori, a new species of conifer (Cupressaceae) from the Upper Cretaceous Tupuangi Formation, Chatham Islands, Zealandia|journal=Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology|pages=1–13|doi=10.1080/03115518.2017.1417478|issn=0311-5518}} 4. ^{{Cite journal|last=Mays|first=Chris|last2=Tosolini|first2=Anne-Marie P.|last3=Cantrill|first3=David J.|last4=Stilwell|first4=Jeffrey D.|date=April 2015|title=Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian–Turonian) macroflora from the Chatham Islands, New Zealand: Bryophytes, lycophytes and pteridophytes|journal=Gondwana Research|volume=27|issue=3|pages=1042–1060|doi=10.1016/j.gr.2014.03.017|issn=1342-937X|bibcode=2015GondR..27.1042M}} 5. ^{{Cite journal|last=Stilwell|first=Jeffrey D.|last2=Vitacca|first2=Jesse J.|last3=Mays|first3=Chris|date=2016-04-21|title=South polar greenhouse insects (Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Tupuangi Formation, Chatham Islands, eastern Zealandia|journal=Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology|volume=40|issue=4|pages=502–508|doi=10.1080/03115518.2016.1144385|issn=0311-5518}} 11 : Geologic formations of New Zealand|Cretaceous System of Oceania|Cenomanian Stage|Turonian Stage|Sandstone formations|Siltstone formations|Deltaic deposits|Fluvial deposits|Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of Oceania|Paleontology in New Zealand|Geography of the Chatham Islands |
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