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词条 Turing Pharmaceuticals
释义

  1. Background

  2. Daraprim

  3. Vecamyl

  4. Pipeline

     Syntocinon  TUR-002  TUR-004  Other products in development 

  5. References

{{Infobox company
| name = Turing Pharmaceuticals
| logo =
| type = Private
| traded_as =
| key_people = Ron Tilles[1]
Chief Executive Officer
| industry = Pharmaceuticals
| products = Vecamyl, Daraprim
| homepage = {{URL|www.turingpharma.com/}}
| foundation = {{start date and age|2015|2}}
| founder = {{plainlist|
  • Martin Shkreli

}}
| location = New York City and Zug, Switzerland
}}Turing Pharmaceuticals is a pharmaceutical company incorporated in Zug, Switzerland,[2] with offices in New York City. The company started to do business in the US as Vyera Pharmaceuticals in September 2017.[3][4]

The company has two marketed products: daraprim (pyrimethamine), for the treatment of toxoplasmosis, and Vecamyl (mecamylamine hydrochloride) for the treatment of hypertension. The company was widely criticized for raising the price of daraprim by 5456% following its acquisition of rights to the drug in 2015.[5] The company was named after the British pioneering computer scientist Alan Turing.[6]

Background

Turing Pharmaceuticals was launched in February 2015 by Martin Shkreli with the acquisition of three major assets from an orphan drug developer called Retrophin: an intranasal formulation of ketamine, an oxytocin nasal solution, and Vecamyl.[7] The company acquired the US marketing rights to Daraprim from Impax Laboratories in August 2015.[8]

In September 2015, Turing raised the price of Daraprim from $13.50 to $750 a tablet. This increase prompted widespread criticism of the company from many quarters, including the pharmaceutical industry itself.[9]

Shkreli resigned as Turing Pharmaceuticals' CEO on 18 December 2015, following his arrest on charges of defrauding investors in his former hedge fund.[10]

Daraprim

Daraprim is the trade name for the drug pyrimethamine, which is indicated for the treatment of toxoplasmosis in combination with a sulfonamide, and has been available since 1953.[11] At the time of the Daraprim acquisition Turing Pharmaceuticals indicated that it intended to develop new toxoplasmosis drug candidates with better ADME than Daraprim.

In response to criticisms of the September 2015 price increases, Turing Pharmaceuticals announced various patient affordability and access initiatives[12] and in November 2015 the company reduced the cost of Daraprim for hospitals by up to 50% of the increased rate.[13] Despite these partial rollbacks to the initial price increase, according to February 2, 2016 memo from Representative Elijah Cummings to the United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, since Turing's acquisition to the rights in Daraprim, the drug has gone from being affordable and readily available to being prohibitively expensive.[14]

Vecamyl

Vecamyl is currently indicated for the treatment of hypertension. Turing Pharmaceuticals is working on new indications for Vecamyl.

Pipeline

Syntocinon

This product, also called TUR-001, is Turing Pharmaceuticals' oxytocin nasal solution. Syntocinon, short for 'synthetic oxytocin', was first introduced by the Swiss pharmaceutical company Sandoz in 1956. The product had gained FDA approval in 1960 to assist in initial postpartum milk ejection, but was discontinued by Sandoz's successor company, Novartis, in 1997 because of poor sales. Retrophin had licensed the product from Novartis in December 2013 in order to bring it back to the market for postpartum milk ejection as well as look into its use in the treatment of schizophrenia and autism.[15] Turing Pharmaceuticals is preparing for a Phase III in lactation and other indications are planned.

TUR-002

This product is Turing Pharmaceuticals' intranasal formulation of ketamine. The company is working on the product for the treatment of suicidality.

TUR-004

This product is under development for the treatment of seizures associated with severe epilepsy disorders. Turing Pharmaceuticals made an IND filing for TUR-004 in October 2015[16] and the product was granted Fast Track designation by the FDA. A Phase I Clinical Trial of TUR 004 for epileptic encephalopathies commenced in November 2015.[17]

Other products in development

Turing Pharmaceuticals is also working on TRP-001 for glycogen storage disorders, TRP-002 for developmental disorder, TRP-003 for leukodystrophy, TRP-004 for toxoplasmosis, TRP-005 for epileptic encephalopathy, and TRP-011 for congenital metabolic disorder.

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=Leadership Team|url=https://www.turingpharma.com/about/leadership/|website=Turing Pharmaceuticals|accessdate=20 December 2016}}
2. ^{{cite web|first1=Powernetin|title=Turing Pharmaceuticals AG|url=https://zg.chregister.ch/cr-portal/auszug/auszug.xhtml?uid=CHE-226.370.706|publisher=Handelsregisteramt des Kantons Zug|accessdate=24 September 2017}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=Corporation Filings 08/27/2017 to 09/03/2017|url=https://coraweb.sos.la.gov/Newsletters/NewsLetter_20170905.txt|publisher=Louisiana Secretary of State|accessdate=24 September 2017}}
4. ^{{cite web|title=Oxytocin intranasal - Vyera Pharmaceuticals|url=http://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800039450|publisher=AdisInsight|accessdate=24 September 2017|language=en}}
5. ^{{cite news|last1=Mullin|first1=Emily|title=Turing Pharma Says Daraprim Availability Will Be Unaffected By Shkreli Arrest|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/emilymullin/2015/12/21/turing-pharma-says-daraprim-availability-will-be-unaffected-by-shkreli-arrest/#413f1fb52e82|accessdate=2 February 2016|publisher=Forbes.com|date=February 27, 2015}}
6. ^{{cite news|last1=Weintraub|first1=Arlene|title=Gadfly Pharma Investor Shkreli Starts Anew After Ousting From Retrophin|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/arleneweintraub/2015/02/27/gadfly-pharma-investor-shkreli-starts-anew-after-ousting-from-retrophin/|accessdate=19 December 2015|publisher=Forbes.com|date=February 27, 2015}}
7. ^{{cite news|title=Launch of Turing Pharmaceuticals Announced – New Drug Company to Focus on Treating Unmet Medical Needs Across Broad Therapeutic Areas|url=http://www.turingpharma.com/media/press-release?headline=launch-of-turing-pharmaceuticals-announced-%25e2%2580%2593-new-drug-company-to-focus-on-treating-unmet-medical-needs-across-broad-therapeutic-areas|accessdate=19 December 2015|publisher=Turingpharma.com|date=February 24, 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=http://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20150926154652/http://www.turingpharma.com/media/press-release?headline=launch-of-turing-pharmaceuticals-announced-%e2%80%93-new-drug-company-to-focus-on-treating-unmet-medical-needs-across-broad-therapeutic-areas|archivedate=26 September 2015|df=}}
8. ^{{cite news|title=Turing Pharmaceuticals AG Acquires U.S. Marketing Rights to DARAPRIM® (pyrimethamine)|url=http://www.turingpharma.com/media/press-release?headline=turing-pharmaceuticals-ag-acquires-u.s.-marketing-rights-to-daraprim%25c2%25ae-%28pyrimethamine%29|accessdate=19 December 2015|publisher=Turingpharma.com|date=August 10, 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20160304075557/http://www.turingpharma.com/media/press-release?headline=turing-pharmaceuticals-ag-acquires-u.s.-marketing-rights-to-daraprim%25c2%25ae-(pyrimethamine)|archivedate=4 March 2016|df=}}
9. ^{{cite news|last1=Timmermann|first1=Like|title=A Timeline of the Turing Pharma Controversy|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/luketimmerman/2015/09/23/a-timeline-of-the-turing-pharma-controversy/|accessdate=19 December 2015|publisher=Forbes.com|date=September 23, 2015}}
10. ^{{cite news|title=Martin Shkreli resigns from Turing Pharmaceuticals after fraud charges|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/dec/18/martin-shkreli-resigns-turing-pharmaceuticals-fraud-charges|accessdate=19 December 2015|publisher=Theguardian.com|date=December 19, 2015}}
11. ^{{cite news|work=The Washington Post|title=CEO who raised price of old pill more than $700 calls journalist a 'moron' for asking why|author= Ariana Eunjung Cha |date=2015-09-22|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2015/09/21/ceo-of-company-that-raised-the-price-of-old-pill-hundreds-of-dollars-overnight-calls-journalist-a-moron-for-asking-why/}}
12. ^{{cite news|title=Turing Pharmaceuticals LLC Announces Improvements in Daraprim Accessibility and Affordability|url=http://www.turingpharma.com/media/press-release?headline=turing-pharmaceuticals-llc-announces-improvements-in-daraprim-accessibility-and-affordability|accessdate=19 December 2015|agency=Turingpharma.com|date=October 13, 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222125632/http://www.turingpharma.com/media/press-release?headline=turing-pharmaceuticals-llc-announces-improvements-in-daraprim-accessibility-and-affordability|archivedate=22 December 2015|df=}}
13. ^{{cite news|title=Turing Reduces Cost of Daraprim® (pyrimethamine)|url=http://www.turingpharma.com/media/press-release?headline=turing-reduces-cost-of-daraprim%2526reg%253b-%28pyrimethamine%29%250d%250a|accessdate=19 December 2015|publisher=Turingpharma.com|date=November 24, 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222134852/http://www.turingpharma.com/media/press-release?headline=turing-reduces-cost-of-daraprim%2526reg%253b-%28pyrimethamine%29%250d%250a|archivedate=22 December 2015|df=}}
14. ^http://democrats.oversight.house.gov/sites/democrats.oversight.house.gov/files/documents/Memo%20on%20Turing%20Documents.pdf
15. ^{{cite news|title=Retrophin Signs U.S. License Agreement for Syntocinon™ Nasal Spray (Oxytocin)|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20131212005564/en/Retrophin-Signs-U.S.-License-Agreement-Syntocinon%E2%84%A2-Nasal|accessdate=19 December 2015|agency=Business Wire|date=December 12, 2013}}
16. ^{{cite news|title=Turing Pharmaceuticals AG Announces IND Filing for TUR-004|url=http://www.turingpharma.com/media/press-release?headline=turing-pharmaceuticals-ag-announces-ind-filing-for-tur%2526%252345%253b004|accessdate=19 December 2015|publisher=Turingpharma.com|date=October 5, 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222155104/http://www.turingpharma.com/media/press-release?headline=turing-pharmaceuticals-ag-announces-ind-filing-for-tur%2526%252345%253b004|archivedate=22 December 2015|df=}}
17. ^{{cite news|title=Turing Initiates Dosing in Phase I Clinical Trial of TUR 004 for Epileptic Encephalopathies|url=http://www.turingpharma.com/media/press-release?headline=turing-initiates-dosing-in-phase-i-clinical-trial-of-tur-004-for-epileptic-encephalopathies|accessdate=19 December 2015|publisher=Turinpharma.com|date=November 16, 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222104522/http://www.turingpharma.com/media/press-release?headline=turing-initiates-dosing-in-phase-i-clinical-trial-of-tur-004-for-epileptic-encephalopathies|archivedate=22 December 2015|df=}}

3 : Companies established in 2015|Pharmaceutical companies of Switzerland|Alan Turing
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