| 词条 | Andalusia (estate) | ||
| 释义 |
| name =Andalusia | nrhp_type =nhl | image = Andalusia, State Road vicinity (Bensalem Township), Andalusia (Bucks County, Pennsylvania).jpg | caption = Andalusia in 1976 | location = 1237 State Road, Andalusia, Pennsylvania | coordinates = {{coord|40|3|43|N|74|57|30|W|display=inline,title}} | nearest_city= Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | locmapin = Pennsylvania#USA | designated_other1_name = Pennsylvania state historical marker | designated_other1_abbr=PHMC | designated_other1_date = November 01, 2001[1] | designated_other1_link = List of Pennsylvania state historical markers | designated_other1_color = navy | designated_other1_textcolor=#ffc94b | built = 1794 | architect = Benjamin Latrobe, Thomas U. Walter | architecture= Other, Colonial Revival, Greek Revival | designated_nrhp_type= November 13, 1966[2] | added = November 13, 1966 | area = {{convert|225|acre}} | governing_body = Private | refnum = 66000649[3] }} Andalusia, also known as the Nicholas Biddle Estate, is a historic mansion and estate located on the Delaware River, just north of Philadelphia, in Bensalem Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. The community surrounding it, Andalusia, takes its name from the 225-acre estate. HistoryThe original house was built in 1794 by John Craig, who named it after the Andalusia region of Spain. Craig hired architect Benjamin Latrobe to expand the house in 1806 in a Greek Revival style. In 1811, Craig's daughter Jane married prominent financier Nicholas Biddle (1786–1844). Biddle and architect Thomas U. Walter expanded the house into a mansion in 1834–36. Walter is best known for his design for the dome of the United States Capitol. Their most dramatic addition was a two-and-a-half-story wing, surrounded on three sides by massive Doric columns, that thrust southward toward the river. This contained twin parlors on the main floor, divided by pocket doors that could be opened to create a single room. The wing ended in a portico, one that has become an icon of Greek Revival architecture. Across the north façade, a two-story block of new rooms created a grand entrance and service spaces. Some of Latrobe's 1806 spaces were retained in the 1830s alterations, including twin rooms with semi-octagonal ends. Notable Biddle family members include Nicholas's brother Commodore James Biddle (1783–1848), son Congressman Charles John Biddle (1819–1873), great-grandson and aviator Charles John Biddle (1890–1972), and great-great-grandson and National Trust for Historic Preservation president James "Jimmy" Biddle (1929–2005). The property remains in the Biddle family. The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1966.[2][4] According to the National Park Service, "Andalusia is one of the earliest and most pristine examples of the Greek Revival style in the country."[2] Today it is operated as a house museum. References1. ^{{cite web | title = PHMC Historical Markers | work =Historical Marker Database | publisher = Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission | url =http://search.pahistoricalmarkers.com/ | accessdate = December 19, 2013}} {{Commons category|Andalusia (Nicholas Biddle mansion)}}2. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=478&ResourceType=Building|title=Andalusia |accessdate=2007-11-09|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service}} 3. ^{{NRISref|version=2010a}} 4. ^{{Cite journal|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Andalusia|url={{NHLS url|id=66000649}} |format=pdf|date=October 31, 1973 |author=S. S. Bradford |publisher=National Park Service}} and {{NHLS url|id=66000649|title=Accompanying 4 photos, exterior, from 1966 and undated.|photos=y}} {{small|(1.04 MB)}} External links
13 : National Historic Landmarks in Pennsylvania|Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania|Houses completed in 1794|Museums in Bucks County, Pennsylvania|Historic house museums in Pennsylvania|Houses in Bucks County, Pennsylvania|Historic American Buildings Survey in Pennsylvania|Benjamin Henry Latrobe buildings and structures|Pennsylvania state historical marker significations|Biddle family residences|National Register of Historic Places in Bucks County, Pennsylvania|1794 establishments in Pennsylvania|Bensalem Township, Pennsylvania |
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