| 词条 | Uganda–Tanzania Crude Oil Pipeline | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Uganda–Tanzania Crude Oil Pipeline | type = Oil pipeline | map = File:Uganda-Tanzania Proposed Pipeline.jpg | map_caption = | country = Uganda & Tanzania | coordinates = {{coord|01|15|54|S|31|40|33|E|type:landmark_region:TZ}} | photo = | caption = | operator = | owner = | partners = Total SA | length_mi = 897 | discharge = | diameter_in = | direction = West to East | start = Hoima, Uganda | finish = Tanga, Tanzania | est = 2020 (Expected)[1][2] | through = Bukoba, Tanzania | par = | pumping_stations_no = | pumping_stations = }} The Uganda–Tanzania Crude Oil Pipeline (UTCOP), also known as the East African Crude Oil Pipeline (EACOP),[3][4] is under construction[5] and intended to transport crude oil from Uganda's oil fields to the Port of Tanga, Tanzania on the Indian Ocean.[6] LocationThe oil pipeline will start in Buseruka sub-county, Hoima District, in Uganda's Western Region. It will travel in a general south-easterly direction to pass through Masaka in Uganda, Bukoba in Tanzania, loop around the southern shores of Lake Victoria, continue through Shinyanga and Siginda, to end in Tanga,[7] a distance of approximately {{convert|1410|km}}.[8] BackgroundUganda has proven oil reserves exceeding 6.5 billion barrels, of which about 2.2 billion barrels are recoverable.[8] The country plans to build a refinery in the Western Region to meet local and regional demand, with the rest exported via pipeline to the Indian Ocean coast.[9] Uganda previously agreed to build a joint Uganda–Kenya Crude Oil Pipeline to the Kenyan port of Lamu.[10][11] Concerns regarding security and cost, however, motivated parallel negotiations with Tanzania regarding a shorter and safer route to Port Tanga, with the support of the French petroleum conglomerate Total SA.[12][13] At the 13th [https://www.nciprojects.org Northern Corridor] Heads of State Summit in Kampala in April 2016, Uganda officially chose the Tanzania route for its crude oil, in preference to the Mombasa or Lamu routes in Kenya. The presidents of both Kenya and Rwanda were present, along with representatives from Ethiopia, South Sudan, and Tanzania.[14][15] At the same summit, President Uhuru Kenyatta announced that Kenya would build the Kenya Crude Oil Pipeline on its own, thereby abandoning the Uganda–Kenya Crude Oil Pipeline.[16][17] The construction budget for the {{convert|1445|km|0}} pipeline is US$3.5 billion.[18][19] The pipeline is planned to have a capacity of 216,000 barrels of crude oil per day.[18] It will be {{convert|24|in|cm}} in diameter, and Uganda will pay Tanzania US$12.20 for every barrel flowing through the pipeline.[20] Cost, funding, and timetableConstruction originally was planned to start in August 2016 and last three years at a budgeted cost of US$4 billion, providing approximately 15,000 construction jobs and 1,000 to 2,000 permanent jobs.[21] In March 2016, the Daily Monitor newspaper reported that Total E&P was prepared to spend US$4 billion (UGX:13 trillion) to fund construction of this pipeline.[22] Following meetings between delegations led by the oil ministers of Tanzania and Uganda, held in Hoima in July 2016, it was announced that construction of the {{convert|1443|km|0}} pipeline would begin in January 2017.[23] Completion is planned for 2020.[24] OwnershipAs of August 2017, the list of potential equity partners included several stakeholders as outlined in the table below:[25] Negotiations and the search for international lenders are ongoing. Uganda and Tanzania are being advised by Standard Bank of South Africa, while Total SA is being advised by Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation. The London-based firm law firm Clifford Chance is advising Total SA on legal matters, while CNOOC is advised by the Imperial Bank of China.[25] As of March 2019, the ownership of the pipeline was as represented in the table below.[26]
Oil refinery{{main|Uganda Oil Refinery}}An oil refinery is planned to be constructed in western Uganda to process the oil for exports within the East African Community. The US$2.5 billion project is to be developed under a public-private partnership, with 50 percent of the project owned by a private developer and 10 percent owned by Jk Minerals Africa of South Africa. The remaining 40 percent will be distributed among east African countries.[27] On 30 April 2016, Tanzania agreed to buy 8 percent of the shares in the refinery for US$150.4 million.[28] See also{{Portal|Uganda|Energy}}
References1. ^{{cite web | accessdate=27 April 2016 | url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/ap/article-3559443/Uganda-Hope-oil-production-2018-pipeline-deal.html | title=Uganda: Hope for oil production by 2018 after pipeline deal | newspaper=Daily Mail Quoting Associated Press (AP) | location=New York City | date=26 April 2016 | last=AP}} 2. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.usnews.com/news/business/articles/2016-04-26/uganda-hope-for-oil-production-by-2018-after-pipeline-deal | title=Uganda: Agreement to build oil pipeline through Tanzania boosts hopes for production of crude by 2018 | date=26 April 2016 | accessdate=27 April 2016 | first=Rodney | last=Muhumuza | newspaper=US News Quoting Associated Press | location=New York City}} 3. ^{{cite web | author=Editorial | url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/Editorial/-crude-oil-pipeline-Uganda-Tanzania-fuel/689360-4050432-9vah9gz/index.html | title=Getting crude oil pipeline off ground is great leap | date=9 August 2017 | location=Kampala | accessdate=9 August 2017 | newspaper=Daily Monitor}} 4. ^{{cite web | newspaper=The EastAfrican | url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/Uganda-needs-more-land-for-pipeline/2558-4082892-ly3covz/index.html | title=Uganda seeks more land for oil pipeline | accessdate=5 September 2017 | date=5 September 2017 | first=Halima | last=Abdallah | location=Nairobi}} 5. ^{{cite web | accessdate=5 August 2017 | location=Nairobi | url=http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/Magufuli-Museveni-foundation-stone-oil-pipeline/2558-4045918-7ff9qn/index.html | title=Magufuli, Museveni lay foundation stone for crude oil pipeline | date=5 August 2017 | newspaper=The EastAfrican|author=The EastAfrican}} 6. ^{{cite web | last=Elias Biryabarema | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uganda-oil-tanzania-idUSKCN0W40OO | title=Uganda, Tanzania plan oil pipeline | date=2 March 2016 | accessdate=3 March 2016 | first=and Fumbuka Ng'wanakilala | publisher=Reuters.com}} 7. ^{{cite web | accessdate=7 March 2016 | url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Business/Commodities/Oil-pipeline-way-Uganda/-/688610/3105368/-/tdqa9lz/-/index.html | title=Oil pipeline: Which way for Uganda? | date=7 March 2016 | first=Frederic | last=Musisi | newspaper=Daily Monitor | location=Kampala}} 8. ^{{cite web | first=Luke | url=https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/WPM-601.pdf | format=PDF | title=Oil in Uganda: Hard bargaining and complex politics in East Africa | accessdate=28 April 2016 | date=October 2015 | publisher=Oxford Institute for Energy Studies | location=Oxford | last=Patey}} 9. ^{{cite web | first=Samuel | last=Ouga | date=14 August 2013 | url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1329070/uganda-oil-refinery-opportunity-transformation | title=Uganda's Oil Refinery – An Opportunity for transformation | newspaper=New Vision | location=Kampala | accessdate=3 March 2016}} 10. ^{{cite web | date=25 June 2013 | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uganda-pipeline-idUSL5N0F138D20130625 | title=Uganda agrees to plan for oil pipeline to new Kenya port | first=Elias | accessdate=28 April 2016 | publisher=Reuters.com | last=Biryabarema}} 11. ^{{cite web | accessdate=28 April 2016 | date=25 June 2013 | last=Bariyo | url=https://online.wsj.com:80/article/BT-CO-20130625-706805.html? | title=Uganda, Kenya Agree to Construct Crude export Pipeline to Port Lamu | first=Nicholas | newspaper=Wall Street Journal Quoting Dow Jones Newswires | location=New York City | deadurl=unfit | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130706133858/http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20130625-706805.html? | archivedate=6 July 2013}} 12. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/Regional-power-play-tussle-over-new-route-Uganda-oil-pipeline/-/2558/2918284/-/item/1/-/54oantz/-/index.html | title=Regional power play in tussle over new route of Uganda oil pipeline | accessdate=3 March 2016 | date=17 October 2015 | last=Allan Olingo | first=and James Anyanzwa | newspaper=The EastAfrican | location=Nairobi}} 13. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/Oil-firms-prefer-Tanga-pipeline-route-to-Lamu--/-/2558/2868518/-/1317j1b/-/index.html | title=Oil firms prefer Tanga pipeline route to Lamu | date=13 September 2015 | first=Halima | last=Abdalah | newspaper=The EastAfrican | location=Nairobi | accessdate=3 March 2016}} 14. ^{{cite web | accessdate=23 April 2016 | url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Uganda-chooses-Tanga-route-oil-pipeline/-/688334/3173252/-/u6dyesz/-/index.html | date=23 April 2016 | first=Frederic | last=Musisi | newspaper=Daily Monitor | location=Kampala | title=Uganda chooses Tanga route for oil pipeline}} 15. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Transporting-oil-Tanzania-cost-Shs40-000-per-barrel/-/688334/3176624/-/r1ep70z/-/index.html | title=Transporting oil to Tanzania to cost Shs40,000 per barrel | accessdate=26 April 2016 | date=26 April 2016 | first=Frederick | last=Musisi | newspaper=Daily Monitor | location=Kampala}} 16. ^{{cite web | date=23 April 2016 | last=PSCU | url=https://www.nation.co.ke/business/Kenya-will-built-own-oil-pipeline-Uhuru-tells-EAC-summit/-/996/3173064/-/hb0tix/-/index.html | title=Kenya will build own pipeline, Uhuru tells EAC summit | accessdate=26 April 2016 | location=Nairobi | newspaper=Daily Nation}} 17. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.africareview.com/news/As-Uganda-chooses-Tanzania-pipeline-route-Kenya-to-go-it-alone-/-/979180/3161720/-/vrterkz/-/index.html | title=As Uganda chooses Tanzania pipeline route, Kenya to go it alone | accessdate=26 April 2016 | date=16 April 2016 | first=Christabel | last=Ligami | newspaper=African Review | location=Nairobi}} 18. ^1 {{cite web | accessdate=8 August 2017 | url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201708070048.html |date=6 August 2017 | newspaper=The Independent (Uganda) via AllAfrica.com |author=The Independent Uganda | title=Uganda: Museveni, Magufuli Lay Foundation Stone for Oil Pipeline | location=Kampala}} 19. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Tanzania-ready-to-take-up-pipeline-contracts-/2560-4047680-q3fkq0z/index.html | title=Tanzania ready to take up pipeline contracts | date=6 August 2017 | newspaper=The EastAfrican | first=Christopher | last=Kidanka | location=Nairobi | accessdate=6 August 2017}} 20. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/Museveni-visit-to-Dar-rescues-oil-pipeline-deal/2558-3838726-mrxw7xz/index.html | title=Museveni's visit to Dar rescues oil pipeline deal, sets project timelines | date=6 March 2017 | accessdate=6 August 2017 | location=Nairobi | last=Barigaba | newspaper=The EastAfrican | first=Julius}} 21. ^{{cite web | url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201603080287.html | title=East Africa: Construction of Uganda - Tanga Port Oil Pipeline Starts August | accessdate=8 March 2016 | date=8 March 2016 | first=Alvar | last=Mwakyusa | location=Dar es Salaam | newspaper=Tanzania Daily News via AllAfrica.com}} 22. ^1 {{cite web | accessdate=16 March 2016 | date=16 March 2016 | first=Frederic | last=Musisi | newspaper=Daily Monitor |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Business/Markets/Total-readies-Shs13-trillion-for-oil-pipeline-development/-/688606/3118484/-/item/0/-/59n43u/-/index.html | location= Kampala | title=Total readies UShs13 trillion for oil pipeline development}} 23. ^{{cite web | location=Nairobi | url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/Building-of-Hoima-Tanzania-oil-pipeline-will-start-in-January/-/2558/3284962/-/u8eott/-/index.html| title=Building of Hoima-Tanzania oil pipeline will start in January | accessdate=12 July 2016 | date=8 July 2016 | newspaper=The EastAfrican | first=Francis | last=Mugerwa}} 24. ^{{cite web | accessdate=3 August 2016 | date=3 August 2016 | url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/Tanzania-aims-to-complete-oil-pipeline-from-Uganda-in-2020/2558-3328618-cop4ji/index.html | title=Tanzania aims to complete oil pipeline from Uganda in 2020 | newspaper=The East African Quoting Reuters | author=Reuters}} 25. ^1 {{cite web|newspaper=Daily Monitor | url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Business/Uganda--TZ-target-flexible-European-pipeline-funding/688322-4058602-fj2pi5/index.html | title=Uganda, TZ target ‘flexible’ European pipeline funding | location=Kampala | date=16 August 2017 | access-date=16 August 2017 |first=Frederic |last=Musisi}} 26. ^{{cite web| url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Uganda-oil-pipeline-to-wait-for-a-while/2560-5025464-bietbw/index.html | title=Uganda oil pipeline to wait for a while |date=14 March 2019 |access-date=18 March 2019 |newspaper=The EastAfrican |author=Halima Abdallah |location=Nairobi}} 27. ^{{cite web | last=Kasita | url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201309191386.html | title=East Africa: EAC States to Invest 40 Percent in Oil Refinery | date=19 September 2013 | accessdate=3 August 2016 | newspaper=New Vision via AllAfrica.com | location=Kampala | first=Ibrahim}} 28. ^{{cite web | date=30 April 2016 | newspaper=The Citizen (Tanzania) | first=Ludger | url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/News/TZ-to-spend-Sh300bn-on-buying-stake-in-Uganda-refinery-/-/1840340/3182712/-/2k9b5yz/-/index.html | last=Kasumuni | location=Dar Es Salaam | title=TZ to spend Sh300bn on buying stake in Uganda refinery | accessdate=3 August 2016}} External links
3 : Proposed energy infrastructure in Africa|Oil pipelines in Tanzania|Oil pipelines in Uganda |
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