| 词条 | Umm Kulthum bint Jarwal |
| 释义 |
Umm Kulthum bint Jarwal, also known as Mulayka, was a wife of Umar and a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. {{Islam}}BiographyShe was born in Mecca as a member of the Khuza'a tribe. Her father was either Jarwal ibn Malik[1]{{rp|204}} or his son 'Amr ibn Jarwal.[2]{{rp|92}} She married Umar ibn al-Khattab before 616,[2]{{rp|92}} and they had two sons, Zayd "the Younger" and Ubaydallah. Umar was concurrently married to Zaynab bint Madhun, who bore him three children,[1]{{rp|204}} and to Qurayba bint Abi Umayya,[3]{{rp|510}} who was childless. Umar converted to Islam in 616.[1]{{rp|207}} The whole family emigrated to Medina in 622,[3]{{rp|218}} although Umm Kulthum and Qurayba were still polytheists.[3]{{rp|510}}[4] Soon after the Treaty of Hudaybiya in 628, Muhammad announced a revelation that Muslims were ordered to "hold not to the cords of disbelieving women." Accordingly, Umar divorced Umm Kulthum and Qurayba, and they both returned to Mecca.[1]{{rp|204}}[3]{{rp|510}}[4] The sources do not indicate the order of Umm Kulthum’s subsequent marriages. She married Abu Jahm ibn Hudhayfa in Mecca "while they were both polytheists," i.e., before January 630.[2]{{rp|92}} Abu Jahm was, like Umar, a member of the Adi clan of the Quraysh.[3]{{rp|510}} He was known in the community as "a great beater of women."[5][6]{{rp|192}}[7][8] Whether before or after this, Umm Kulthum was also one of the wives of Safwan ibn Umayya, a member of the Juma clan[2]{{rp|92}} who was a leader in the Quraysh opposition to Muhammad.[3]{{rp|318–319, 370}}[9][10] He became a Muslim after the Conquest of Mecca[2]{{rp|185}} but continued to live in Mecca.[11] References1. ^1 2 3 Muhammad ibn Saad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir vol. 3. Translated by Bewley, A. (2013). The Companions of Badr. London: Ta-Ha Publishers. 2. ^1 2 3 4 Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk. Translated by Fishbein, M. (1998). Volume 8: The Victory of Islam. Albany: State University of New York Press. 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 Muhammad ibn Ishaq. Sirat Rasul Allah. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). The Life of Muhammad. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 4. ^1 Bukhari 3:50:891. 5. ^Muslim 9:3526. 6. ^Muhammad ibn Saad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir vol. 8. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995). The Women of Madina. London: Ta-Ha Publishers. 7. ^Muslim 9:3512. 8. ^Nasa'i 4:26:3247. 9. ^Muhammad ibn Umar al-Waqidi. Kitab al-Maghazi. Translated by Faizer, R., Ismail, A., & Tayob, A. K. (2011). The Life of Muhammad, pp. 217, 284-286, 295. London & New York: Routledge. 10. ^Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk. Translated by McDonald, M. V., & annotated by Watt, W. M. (1987). Volume 7: The Foundation of the Community, pp. 78-80, 106. Albany: State University of New York Press. 11. ^Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. Tarik al-Rusual wa'l-Muluk. Translated by Landau-Tasseron, E. (1998). Volume 39: Biographies of the Prophet's Companions and Their Successors, p. 81. Albany: State University of New York Press. 1 : Umar |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。