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词条 Umoja Party
释义

  1. History

     Founding and 1994 general election  1995 special election  1996 general election  1997 special election  1998 general election  2000 general election 

  2. References

{{Infobox political party
|name = Umoja Party
|logo =
| colorcode = #000045
| colors = Black
| foundation = {{start date|1993}}
| founder = Kemry Hughes,
Mark Thompson
| position = Far-left[1]
| headquarters = Washington, D.C.
| ideology = Afrocentrism,
D.C. statehood
| dissolved = {{end date|2000}}
}}

The Umoja Party was a far-left[1] political party in Washington, D.C.

History

Founding and 1994 general election

Kemry Hughes helped found the Umoja Party in December 1993,[2][3] and the District of Columbia Board of Elections and Ethics approved its name on February 2, 1994.[4] A 27-year-old student activist in favor of statehood,[5] Hughes said the Umoja Party would focus on the specific needs of communities of people of color.[3] Umoja is the Swahili word for unity.[3]

Two individuals successfully petitioned to appear on the 1994 election ballot under the Umoja Party.[6][7] Mark A. Thompson ran for chair of the Council of the District of Columbia,[6] and Hughes ran for an at-large seat on the Council.[7] Thompson was a student activist and radio host.[8] In 1990, Thompson led a protest that shut down the University of the District of Columbia for eleven days that resulted in the resignation of several members of the Board of Trustees.[9] Hughes said he was running for office to help the disenfranchised.[4]

Thompson received 12,843 votes in the general election, and Hughes received 7,929.[7] Because Thompson's vote total exceeded 7,500 votes, the Umoja Party became eligible to hold primary elections, and the party secured a listing on voter registration forms.[10]

1995 special election

In 1995, the Umoja Party ran a candidate, Rahim Jenkins, in the special election for the Ward 8 seat on the Council.[8] Jenkins was the executive director of the D.C. Righteous Men's Commission.[8]

Jenkins received 128 votes, three percent of the total vote.[11]

1996 general election

With 750 registered voters,[12] the Umoja Party fielded multiple candidates on the general election ballot in 1996.[13] Thompson ran for the at-large seat on the Council,[14] and Jenkins ran for the Ward 8 seat on the Council.[13] Rick Malachi ran for the Ward 4 seat on the Council.[15] Malachi was a student at the University of the District of Columbia, working as a supervisor of the District's Summer Youth Employment Services program.[26] George Pope Jr. ran for the District's shadow senator.[16] Pope was a community activist and chair of D.C. Coalition to Save Our Schools, a group that advocated for the privatization of public schools in the District.[16]

The Umoja Party's platform advocated for better education and medical services, preferential hiring of District residents, income tax on non-residents working in the District, ending the tax exemption for nonprofit organizations.[17]

Thompson campaigned door-to-door, emphasizing constituent services and self-determination and reducing Congressional financial oversight.[18] Thompson said that, while the District's mayor and Council had lax oversight of the District's finances, the degree of corruption in the District government had been exaggerated and that there were still good people working in the government.[19]

Thompson protested the Central Intelligence Agency's admitted drug trafficking in Los Angeles to support Nicaraguan Contras.[20] Thompson said United States Attorney Eric Holder and the Metropolitan Police Department should investigate whether the CIA was involved in drug trafficking in the District as well.[20] Thompson was arrested at the Drug Enforcement Administration during the protest.[20]

Malachi advocated for more public participation in the political process.[21] He said that Council hearings and school board hearings were held in the middle of weekdays in order to silence dissent.[21]

Thompson received 15,796 votes,[22] enough for the Umoji Party to continue to qualify to appear on voter registration forms and hold primary elections.[23] Malachi received 21 percent of the vote in the Ward 4 race, Jenkins received six percent in the Ward 8 race, and Pope received nine percent for shadow senator.[22]

1997 special election

Thompson considered moving from Ward 2 to Ward 6 to run for the Ward 6 seat on the council.[24] Instead, Archbishop George Augustus Stallings Jr. ran for the seat under the Umoja Party.[25] Stallings was a former Roman Catholic priest who left the Catholic Church after two former altar boys said he had raped them when they were 11 and 16 years old.[26] Stallings founded the African American Catholic Church, which combined Catholic rites with African themes, and served as the head of Imani Temple.[26] Stallings said he was running for office in order to improve the District's schools, finances, and independence.[27]

Stallings said he would increase funding to social programs, such as job training, health care, education, and welfare.[28] He supported balancing the budget through reductions in energy costs and printing costs, sale of vacant government-owned land to private companies, ending the income tax exemption for non-residents working in the District, and layoffs of some of the government's management personnel.[29] He advocated reducing crime through community-oriented policing.[29]

Stallings came in second place in the election, receiving 18 percent of the vote.[30]

In November 1997, Umoja Party co-founder Brian Harris was murdered in an alley behind a church near H Street NE after being robbed of his cash and leather coat.[31]

1998 general election

In 1998, Nik Earnes declared his candidacy for the Ward 1 seat on the Council, running against incumbent Frank Smith Jr..[32] Earns was an engineering student at Howard University and an Advisory Neighborhood Commissioner for LeDroit Park.[32] Earnes said that the Councilmember representing Ward 1 should be a person of color because African Americans and Latinos are the majority of the residents there.[33]

George Pope ran an at-large seat on the District of Columbia Board of Education, officially nonpartisan on the ballot.[53] Pope stressed parental involvement, leadership, and experience.[34]

Thompson announced that he would run for an at-large seat on the Council, trying to unseat incumbents Hilda Mason and David A. Catania.[35] Thompson said he would focus on employment, elder services, education, law enforcement, affordable housing, and health care.[36] He said that economic development was especially needed for Anacostia, U Street, and Barracks Row.[37] Anita Bonds served as the chair of Thompson's campaign.[58]

In July 1998, Thompson's wife testified that Thompson severely beat every week for several months while she was pregnant with their daughter.[38][38] His wife said, after they separated, Thompson broke into her apartment and beat her in front of their daughter.[38] According to his wife, Thompson claimed to be untouchable because his activism and community connections would make sure no one would believe her if she told anyone about the domestic abuse.[38] His wife filed for divorce and child support.[38] Thompson was convicted of assault and sentenced to two years of probation.[38] He was required to perform 150 hours of community service, attend counselling, and ordered to remain away from his wife.[39] Thompson was convicted of assault.[38] Thomas said he would remain a candidate for Council.[38]

Following the Democratic primary election, Thompson expressed concern at the possibility of the majority of Council being white.[40] If that were to happen, Thompson said rent control, home rule, and employment would be in serious risk.[40] He later said that white politicians do not generally vote in favor of these issues that are critical to African Americans.[33]

Council Member Marion Barry and former Council Member H. R. Crawford both endorsed Thompson's candidacy in October.[41] The District of Columbia Chamber of Commerce also endorsed Thompson's candidacy.[42]

During Thomas' divorce proceedings in October, it was learned that Thompson was delinquent on paying child support for his five-year-old daughter and that he did not file income tax returns for the previous six years.[43] His wife said her car had been impounded because of unpaid parking tickets Thomas received while driving her car.[43] She also said he violated the restraining order by calling and harassing her.[43] Thomas declined to comment.[43]

Following reports of Thomas' domestic violence conviction, child support payment delinquency, and non-filing of tax returns, the District of Columbia Chamber of Commerce withdrew its support of Thomas.[42] Thompson declined to drop out of the race, saying he would continue to run as long as his candidacy was "valid and meaningful to the residents of the District of Columbia".[42] Incumbent Councilmember Hilda Mason]said Thomas was unfit for office because of his income tax delinquency.[44]

In September, Thomas pleaded guilty to not paying District taxes and not filing District income tax returns for 1995.[45] In exchange for pleading guilty, prosecutors dropped the charges for 1996 and 1997.[45] Sentencing was scheduled for after the general election.[45]

Thompson received 9,733 votes, and came in fifth place with five percent of the vote, for at-large member of the Council.[46] Earnes came in second place, with thirteen percent of the vote, for the Ward 1 seat on the Council.[46] Pope came in eighth place, with six percent of the vote, for an at-large seat on the Board of Education.[46]

In December 1999, Thompson received a one-year jail term on the tax charges.[47] The judge suspended the sentence and put Thomas on probation for three years on the condition that Thomas pays four years of back taxes, files and pays all future taxes, and obeys the law.[47]

2000 general election

In July 2000, the Umoja Party had one candidate on the ballot, Kalonji T. Olusegun ran for shadow representative.[48] Olusegun was a retired social service administrator who highlighted his advocacy for the poor and disenfranchised as well as his forty years of social activism.[49] He said he would advocate for justice, truth, and democracy.[49]

Thompson said he would not run for office in 2000 because he did not have the energy after his runs for Council in 1994, 1996, and 1998.[50]

The party platform included establishing a living wage, expanding the earned income tax credit, affordable housing, government-subsidized health insurance for all poor children, and preserving the University of the District of Columbia and D.C. General Hospital.[51]

When asked about the possibility that African Americans may no longer hold the majority of the seats on the Board of Education, Marilyn Preston Killingham, deputy chairman of the Umoja Party, said, "The general design for D.C. is one of white takeover. I think that this follows that general design and plan. ... A racist design will lead to a racist conglomeration."[52]

In the general election, Olusegun came in fourth place with 4,032 votes,[53] fewer than the 7,500 needed to retain its major-party status in the District.[51]

References

1. ^1 {{cite news |title= Umoja candidate fashions himself after the mayor - Thompson out front for rights |work= The Washington Times |date= May 28, 1998 |first= Vincent S. |last= Morris |url= http://infoweb.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_product=AWNB&p_theme=aggregated5&p_action=doc&p_docid=0EB0F3156B834EA0&p_docnum=45&p_queryname=3 }}
2. ^{{cite news |title= Umoja Party brims with great expectations |date= November 3, 1996 |first= Barrington |last= Salmon |work= The Washington Times |url= http://infoweb.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_product=AWNB&p_theme=aggregated5&p_action=doc&p_docid=0EB0F2278C11195E&p_docnum=21&p_queryname=3 }}
3. ^1 2 {{cite news |title= The Great Contenders: At-Large Races Draw a Crowd Mason Seen as Best Target |last= Henderson |first= Nell |work= The Washington Post |date= October 27, 1994 |page= DC1 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/307801151/|quote= "Hughes said the party's creation means 'that people of color in general and African Americans, particularly here in D.C., will have a political party that will develop a platform and agenda that speaks to the specific needs of our community first.'" }}
4. ^1 {{cite news |title= At-large race is a 'nice' campaign - Challengers politely go after Mason |date= November 2, 1994 |first= Matt |last= Neufeld |work= The Washington Times |url= http://infoweb.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_product=AWNB&p_theme=aggregated5&p_action=doc&p_docid=0EB0F0F962914E7E&p_docnum=2&p_queryname=4 }}
5. ^{{cite news |title= Clarke, With a Sigh, Runs for Chairman Again |last= Henderson |first= Nell |work= The Washington Post |date= November 6, 1994 |page= B9 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/751176662/ }}
6. ^1 {{cite news |title= The Handwriting Is on the Ballot |last1= Henderson |first1= Nell |last2= Woodlee |first2= Yolanda |work= The Washington Post |date= October 13, 1994 |page= DC1 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/750824984/}}
7. ^1 2 {{cite web |title= Certified Results, General Election, 1994 |work= District of Columbia Board of Elections and Ethics |date= November 18, 1994 |url= https://www.dcboee.org/election_info/election_results/elec_1994/general_1994_results.asp }}
8. ^1 2 {{cite news |title= Protest Brings Changes at Lorton |last1= Harris |first1= Hamil R. |first2= Yolanda |last2= Woodlee |work= The Washington Post |date= April 13, 1995 |page= DC1 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/903417696/}}
9. ^{{cite news |title= At-Large Council Candidates Disagree on Future of UDC: Stands Reflect Broader Ideas on Government |first= Vanessa |last= Williams |work= The Washington Post |date= October 24, 1996 |page= DC1 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/1034055071/ }}
10. ^{{cite news |title= Voters Buck Trend, Go With Incumbents; Democrats Easily Take 6 of 7 Open Seats: Statehood Party's Mason Wins Close Contest |last= Schneider |first= Howard |work= The Washington Post |date= November 9, 1994 |page= A31 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/307777204/ }}
11. ^{{cite web |title= Certified Results, Special Election, 1995 |work= District of Columbia Board of Elections and Ethics |date= May 12, 1995 |url= https://www.dcboee.org/popup.asp?url=/pdf_files/Ward8_results_1995.pdf }}
12. ^{{cite news |title= In D.C., Voters Feeling Uninspired, Uninformed About Council Elections |first= Vanessa |last= Williams |work= The Washington Post |date= November 3, 1996 |page= B4 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/1033932375/}}
13. ^1 {{cite news |title= Activist Challenges Validity Of Ward 8 Ballot Signatures |first= Vanessa |last= Williams |work= The Washington Post |date= July 16, 1996 |page= B3 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/1034055137/ }}
14. ^{{cite news |title= Umoja Party Stirs Up D.C. Political Scene; Activist Thompson Among Members Seeking First Win |last= Williams |first= Vanessa |work= The Washington Post |date= November 4, 1996 |page= B7 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/307961534/}}
15. ^{{cite news |title= Herbert Is Back on City Voter Rolls |first= Vanessa |last= Williams |work= The Washington Post |date= July 18, 1996 |page= J1 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/307964979/ }}
16. ^1 {{cite news |title= D.C. Activist Cleared in Threat Case: School Board Member Found Angry Message on Answering Machine |first= Phuong |last= Ly |work= The Washington Post |date= July 17, 1996 |page= B5 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/1030774123/ }}
17. ^1 {{cite news |title= Many Problems, Few Solutions: Despite City's Crises Council Races Fail To Excite Electorate |first= Vanessa |last= Williams |work= The Washington Post |date= September 5, 1996 |page= DC1 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/1033985840/ }}
18. ^{{cite news |title= In Non-Democrat Race for At-Large Seat, Most of the Hard Running Is Still to Come |first= Yolanda |last= Woodlee |work= The Washington Post |date= August 15, 1996 |page= DC1 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/1034051751/ }}
19. ^{{cite news |title= Council Candidates' Opponent of Choice: The Council |first= Vanessa |last= Williams |work= The Washington Post |date= October 15, 1996 |page= B1 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/1034076366/ }}
20. ^1 2 {{cite news |title= Lottery Board Goes on the Defensive |first= Hamil R. |last= Harris |work= The Washington Post |date= September 26, 1996 |page= DC1 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/1034025506/ }}
21. ^1 {{cite news |title= Control board manages to shut out public |work= The Washington Times |date= February 9, 1996 |first= Adrienne T. |last= Washington Times |url= http://infoweb.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_product=AWNB&p_theme=aggregated5&p_action=doc&p_docid=0EB0F1BEEFACB49C&p_docnum=4&p_queryname=8 }}
22. ^1 {{cite web |title= Final and Complete Election Results, 1996 |date= November 15, 1996 |work= District of Columbia Board of Elections and Ethics |url= https://www.dcboee.org/election_info/election_results/elec_1996/general_1996_results.asp }}
23. ^{{cite news |title= Umoja Party Remains on the Outside |last1= Williams |first1= Vanessa |first2= Hamil R. |last2= Harris |work= The Washington Post |date= November 14, 1996 |page= DC1 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/1034016997/}}
24. ^{{cite news |title= That Enticing Ward 6 Seat |last1= Williams |first1= Vanessa |first2= Hamil R. |last2= Harris |work= The Washington Post |date= November 28, 1996 |page= DC1 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/1033975880/ }}
25. ^{{cite news |title= Ward 6 Race To Test Limits Of Endurance |last= Williams |first= Vanessa |work= The Washington Post |date= January 30, 1997 |page= J1 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/408292619/ }}
26. ^1 {{cite news |title= Stallings Seeking Ward 6 Seat: Archbishop Offers Himself as a 'Voice of Truth' for the D.C. Council |last= Wilgoren |first= Debbi |work= The Washington Post |date= December 9, 1996 |page= B3 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/408286109/ }}
27. ^{{cite news |title= 14 Hopefuls File to Run In Ward 6 |first= Vanessa |last= Williams |work= The Washington Post |date= February 27, 1997 |page= DC1 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/1456309305/ }}
28. ^{{cite news |title= Ward 6 Council Seat Up for Grabs in Tight Race |first= Vanessa |last= Williams |work= The Washington Post |date= April 24, 1997 |page= DC1 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/1458137521/}}
29. ^1 {{cite news |title= Ward 6 Candidates |work= The Washington Post |date= April 24, 1997 |page= J4 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/408298652/ }}
30. ^{{cite web |title= Final and Complete Election Results, Special Election 1997 |date= May 9, 1997 |work= District of Columbia Board of Elections and Ethics |url= https://www.dcboee.org/election_info/election_results/elec_1997/ward6_mem_elec.asp }}
31. ^{{cite news |title= Political Activist Shot to Death in NE |work= The Washington Post |date= November 6, 1997 |page= B5 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/408350419/ }}
32. ^1 {{cite news |title= Howard U. Student Seeks Ward 1 Council Seat |work= The Washington Post |date= May 31, 1998 |page= B3 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/408365357/ }}
33. ^1 {{cite news |title= D.C. elections race may lead to majority White Council |last= Hope |first= C.I.A.M. |work= Afro-American Red Star |location= Washington, D.C. |date= October 17, 1998 |page= A1 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/369724242/}}
34. ^{{cite news |title= New Faces Bring Potential for School Reform |first= Valerie |last= Strauss |work= The Washington Post |date= October 31, 1998 |page= DC16 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/1620293498/ }}
35. ^{{cite news |title= Thompson Declares for Council Seat |work= The Washington Post |date= April 26, 1998 |page= B3 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/408363770/ }}
36. ^{{cite news |title= Restoring Home Rule Is on Their Minds |first= David |last= Montgomery |work= The Washington Post |date= October 31, 1998 |page= DC9 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/1620293572/ }}
37. ^{{cite news |title= Candidates for '98 D.C. elections have strong stands on issues |last= Hope |first= C.I.A.M. |work= Afro-American Red Star |location= Washington, D.C. |date= October 24, 1998 |page= A12 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/369718946/ }}
38. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite news |title= Candidate Convicted of Assaulting Wife: Thompson to Stay in Council Race After Misdemeanor Verdict |first= Peter |last= Slevin |work= The Washington Post |date= July 25, 1998 |page= B5 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/1620843588/ }}
39. ^{{cite news |title= Candidate Gets Probation |work= The Washington Post |date= August 8, 1998 |page= B2 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/408387747/ }}
40. ^1 {{cite news |title= Council Could Become Majority-White: Primary Results Create Possibility, Riling Barry and Causing Debate |last1= Harris |first1= Hamil R. |last2= Woodlee |first2= Yolanda |work= The Washington Post |date= September 17, 1998 |page= B1 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/1620729028/ }}
41. ^1 {{cite news |title= Barry Drops Old Ally, Backs New One |first= David |last= Montgomery |work= The Washington Post |date= October 15, 1998 |page= B1 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/1620002198/ }}
42. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |title= Thompson Is Urged To Quit Council Race: D.C. Candidate Called 'Unsupportable' |first= Peter |last= Slevin |work= The Washington Post |date= October 23, 1998 |page= C5 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/1620795234/ }}
43. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |title= D.C. Candidate Late With Income Taxes: Thompson Didn't File Returns for 6 Years |first= Peter |last= Slevin |work= The Washington Post |date= October 18, 1998 |page= B1 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/1620272187/}}
44. ^{{cite news |title= Democrats Say, 'Where's Chavous?' |last1= Cottman |first1= Michael H. |first2= Hamil R. |last2= Harris |work= The Washington Post |date= October 29, 1998 |page= DC1 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/1620292599/ }}
45. ^1 2 {{cite news |title= Umoja Leader Pleads Guilty in Tax Case |work= The Washington Post |date= September 15, 1999 |page= B2 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/408506779/}}
46. ^1 2 {{cite web |title= Final and Complete Results, 1998 |work= District of Columbia Board of Elections and Ethics |date= November 13, 1998 |url= https://www.dcboee.org/election_info/election_results/elec_1998/general_election.asp }}
47. ^1 {{cite news |title= D.C. Activist Gets Probation for Tax Evasion |first= Peter |last= Slevin |work= The Washington Post |date= December 17, 1999 |page= B2 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/1707366247/ }}
48. ^{{cite news |title= Brazil, Schwartz Run Unopposed; As Council Veterans, At-Large Candidates Secure in Seats |first1= Sewell |last1= Chan |last2= Fehr |first2= Stephen C. |work= The Washington Post |date= August 24, 2000 |page= DC3 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/408660150/ }}
49. ^1 {{cite news |title= Umoja Party Primary: United States Representative |work= The Washington Post |date= September 7, 2000 |page= J20 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/409082467/ }}
50. ^{{cite web |title=Umoja Party Needs Turnout to Survive |last1= Chan |first1= Sewell |last2= Pierre |first2= Robert E. |work= The Washington Post |date= October 12, 2000 |page= J2 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/409020440/}}
51. ^1 {{cite news |title= For Candidates, a Quiet Electoral Race; Still, Much Is at Stake, Some Say |first= Sewell |last= Chan. |work= The Washington Post |date= October 26, 2000 |page= J19 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/409032277/ }}
52. ^{{cite news |title= D.C. Votes Revealing Old Divide; Race Becomes an Issue in Realigned School Districts |last= Blum |first= Justin |work= The Washington Post |date= October 30, 2000 |page= B1 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/409092694/ }}
53. ^{{cite web |title= Final and Complete Results, General Election 2000 |work= District of Columbia Board of Elections and Ethics |date= November 17, 2000 |url= https://www.dcboee.org/election_info/election_results/elec_2000/general_elec.asp }}
{{District of Columbia political parties}}

11 : 1993 establishments in Washington, D.C.|2000 disestablishments in Washington, D.C.|African-American history of Washington, D.C.|Afrocentrism|Defunct political parties in the United States|Political parties established in 1993|Political parties in the District of Columbia|United States regional and state political parties|Political parties disestablished in 2000|Black political parties in the United States|Home rule and voting rights of the District of Columbia
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