| 释义 |
- Biography
- References
- Bibliography Ancient works Modern works
{{Infobox monarch
| name =Andragoras
| title =
| image= AndragorasCoinHistoryofIran.jpg
| image_size=300px
| caption = Gold coin of Andragoras.
Obv:Bearded ruler wearing the tiara.
Rev: Greek legend ΑΝΔΡΑΓΟΡΟΥ ("of Andragoras"). Quadriga driven by Nike, together with an armed warrior.
| reign = 245–238 BC
| succession = Ruler of Parthia and Hyrcania
| religion =
| coronation =
| full name =
| predecessor =
| successor = Arsaces I
| spouse =
| issue =
| royal house =
| father =
| mother =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date = 238 BC
| death_place = Parthia
| date of burial =
| place of burial =
}}Not to be mistaken for Andragoras, a satrap of Alexander from 331 BC, also in the area of Parthia. Andragoras ({{lang-el|Ανδραγόρας}}; died 238 BC) was an Iranian satrap of the Seleucid provinces of Parthia and Hyrcania under the Seleucid rulers Antiochus I Soter and Antiochus II Theos. He later revolted against his overlords, ruling independently from 245 BC till his death. BiographyThe background of Andragoras is obsecure. His name may have been a Greek translation of the Old Persian Narisanka and Avestan nairya-sanha- (one of the messengers of Ahura Mazda).{{sfn|Pourshariati|2008|p=20}}{{sfn|Curtis|2007|p=23}} A Greek inscription from Hyrcania (Gurgan) written before 266 BC makes mention of a certain Andragoras of lesser status who was presumably the same person before he was appointed satrap.{{sfn|Frye|1985|p=26}} The name of Andragoras is uncommon, and the only other reportage of the name is in the Greek papyri from Ptolemaic Egypt, thus the identification of the two is not far-fetched.{{sfn|Frye|1985|p=26}} Andragoras was later appointed governor of the frontier province of Parthia, which had been merged with the neighboring province of Hyrcania since the conquest of the Achaemenid Empire by the Macedonian ruler Alexander the Great in 330 BC.{{sfn|Curtis|2007|p=7}} Parthia was during this period constantly receiving new waves of Iranian migrants from Central Asia, most notably the Parni led by Arsaces I.{{sfn|Shahbazi|1986|p=525}}{{sfn|Kia|2016|p=22}}{{sfn|Pourshariati|2008|p=20}} Around 245 BC, Andragoras proclaimed his independence from the Seleucid monarch Seleucus II Callinicus ({{reign|246|225 BC}}), and made his governorate an independent kingdom.{{sfn|Schippmann|1986|pp=525–536}} Following the secession of Parthia and Hyrcania from the Seleucid Empire and the resultant loss of Seleucid military support, Andragoras had difficulty in maintaining his borders, and about 238 BC—under the command of Arsaces I, the Parni invaded Parthia and seized control of Astabene (Astawa) from Andragoras, the northern region of that territory, the administrative capital of which was Kuchan.{{sfn|Bickerman|1983|p=19}} A short while later the Parni seized the rest of Parthia from Andragoras, killing him in the process. Hyrcania was shortly conquered by the Parni as well.[1] References1. ^Justin, xli. 5.
Bibliography Ancient works - Justin, Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus.
- Ammianus Marcellinus, Res Gestae.
- Strabo, Geographica.
Modern works - {{cite encyclopedia | title = Andragoras | last = Frye | first = R. N. | authorlink = | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/andragoras-seleucid-satrap-of-parthia-and-hyrcania-known-primarily-from-his-coins-1 | editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 1 | pages = 26 | location = | publisher = | year = 1985 | isbn = |ref=harv}}
- {{cite book | title = The History of Ancient Iran | year = 1984 | publisher = C.H.Beck | location = | editor-last = | editor-first = | last = Frye | first = Richard Nelson | authorlink = Richard N. Frye | chapter = | pages = 1–411 | isbn = 9783406093975 | url = https://books.google.dk/books?id=0y1jeSqbHLwC&dq=false |ref=harv}}
- {{citation|last=Bickerman|first=Elias J.|authorlink=Elias Joseph Bickerman|chapter=The Seleucid Period|pages=3–20|title=Cambridge History of Iran|volume=3.1|year=1983|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Oxford|editor-last=Yarshater|editor-first=Ehsan|editor-link=Ehsan Yarshater|ref=harv}}
- {{citation|last=Bivar|first=A.D.H.|authorlink=Adrian David Hugh Bivar|chapter=The Political History of Iran under the Arsacids|pages=21–99|title=Cambridge History of Iran|volume=3.1|year=1983|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Oxford|editor-last=Yarshater|editor-first=Ehsan|ref=harv}}
- {{citation|last=Curtis|first=Vesta Sarkhosh|authorlink=Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis|chapter=The Iranian Revival in the Parthian Period|pages=7–25|title=The Age of the Parthians: The Ideas of Iran|volume=2|year=2007|publisher=I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd., in association with the London Middle East Institute at SOAS and the British Museum|location=London & New York|editor-last1=Curtis|editor-first1=Vesta Sarkhosh|editor-link1=Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis|editor-last2=Stewart|editor-first2=Sarah|isbn=978-1-84511-406-0}}
- {{cite book |first1=Edward |last1=Dąbrowa|editor1-last=Daryaee |editor1-first=Touraj |editor1-link=Touraj Daryaee |title=The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History |date=2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press |chapter=The Arsacid Empire|pages=1–432|isbn=0-19-987575-8|url=https://books.google.dk/books?id=K-poAgAAQBAJ&pg|ref=harv}}
- {{cite book|last1=Kia|first1=Mehrdad|title=The Persian Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]: A Historical Encyclopedia|date=2016|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1610693912|url=https://books.google.dk/books?id=B5BHDAAAQBAJ&dq=false|ref=harv}}
- {{cite encyclopedia | title = Aparna | last = Lecoq | first = P. | authorlink = | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/aparna-c3k | editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 2 | pages = 151 | location = | publisher = | year = 1986 | isbn = |ref=harv}}
- {{cite encyclopedia | title = KĀRIN | last = Pourshariati | first = Parvaneh | authorlink = | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/karin | editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica | pages = | location = | publisher = | year = 2017 | isbn = |ref=harv}}
- {{cite book |last = Pourshariati |first = Parvaneh |title = Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran |location = London and New York |publisher = I.B. Tauris |year = 2008 |ISBN = 978-1-84511-645-3 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=I-xtAAAAMAAJ |ref = harv}}
- {{cite book |last1=Rezakhani |first1=Khodadad |authorlink1=Khodadad Rezakhani|editor-last=Potts|editor-first=Daniel T.|title=The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Iran |date=2013 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0199733309 |chapter=Arsacid, Elymaean, and Persid Coinage|ref=harv}}
- {{cite encyclopedia | title = Arsacids ii. The Arsacid dynasty | last = Schippmann | first = K. | authorlink = | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/arsacids-ii | editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 5 | pages = 525-536 | location = | publisher = | year = 1986 | isbn = |ref=harv}}
- {{citation|last=Sellwood|first=David|chapter=Parthian Coins|title=Cambridge History of Iran|volume=3.1|year=1983|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Oxford|editor-last=Yarshater|editor-first=Ehsan|ref=harv}}
- {{cite encyclopedia | title = Arsacids i. Origins | last = Shahbazi | first = A. Sh. | authorlink = Alireza Shapour Shahbazi | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/arsacids-i | editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 5 | pages = 525 | location = | publisher = | year = 1986 | isbn = |ref=harv}}
- {{cite book |last1=Sinisi |first1=Fabrizio |editor1-last=Metcalf |editor1-first=William E. |title=The Oxford Handbook of Greek and Roman Coinage |date=2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0195305746 |chapter=The Coinage of the Parthians|ref=harv}}
{{S-start}}{{S-hou|||||}}{{S-bef|before=(new founding)}}{{S-ttl|title=Ruler of Parthia and Hyrcania|years=245–238 BC}}{{S-aft|after=Arsaces I}}{{s-end}}{{Hellenistic satraps}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Andragoras}} 4 : Seleucid satraps|238 BC deaths|Year of birth unknown|3rd-century BC Iranian people |