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词条 United Express Flight 3411 incident
释义

  1. Incident

  2. Aftermath

     Airport security changes  Social media  {{anchor|United Continental Holdings}}Stock market  Consumer preference  Industry behavior 

  3. Responses

     United Airlines  Public relations professionals  United Master Executive Council  Other airlines  United States government  Executive branch  Congress  Illinois General Assembly  Chicago City Council  Chicago Police Department  Litigation  Third-party legal commentary 

  4. Cultural impact

  5. Similar incidents

  6. See also

  7. References

  8. External links

{{pp-move-indef}}{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2017}}{{Infobox Aircraft occurrence
|Name = United Express Flight 3411 incident
|image = N632RW (8025014026).jpg
|caption = N632RW, at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport in 2012.
|Date = April 9, 2017
|Type = Forcible passenger removal
|occurrence_type = Incident
|Site = O'Hare International Airport, Chicago, Illinois
|Passengers = 70
|Injuries = 1
|Crew =
|aircraft_name =
|Aircraft Type = Embraer 170
|Tail Number = N632RW
|Origin = O'Hare International Airport
|Stopover =
|Destination = Louisville International Airport
|Operator = Republic Airline dba United Express
}}

On April 9, 2017, O'Hare International Airport Aviation Security Officers forcibly removed passenger David Dao Duy Anh, a Vietnamese-American pulmonologist, from United Express Flight 3411, after Dao refused to leave the aircraft as airline staff insisted. Aviation Security Officers were called and dragged him off. Dao screamed as officers pulled him out of his seat, and his face hit an armrest during the struggle. Officers then dragged him, apparently unconscious, by his arms on his back along the aircraft aisle past rows of onlooking passengers.[1] According to passenger eyewitness accounts, the Aviation Security Officers laughed as Dao was dragged off the plane.[1][2] He was later seen with blood around his mouth. Prior to the confrontation, managers offered travel vouchers to passengers to vacate their seats to make room for four deadheading airline employees who needed to travel to the destination, Louisville International Airport, but none of the passengers accepted. Four passengers were then selected for involuntary removal from the flight. Three other passengers complied, and Dao was selected to be fourth. Republic Airline operated the scheduled passenger flight on behalf of United Express, a United Airlines regional branch.

Video of the incident recorded by passengers went viral on social media, resulting in outrage over the violent incident. Politicians expressed concern and called for official investigation. U.S. President Donald Trump criticized United Airlines, calling treatment of their customers "horrible".

The next morning United CEO Oscar Munoz issued a statement which appeared to justify the removal of the unwilling passenger, referring to it as "re-accommodating the customers".[3] Munoz also sent an email to United staff commending the crew's actions for following established procedures, and referring to Dao as "disruptive" and "belligerent".[4] The description of Dao as "disruptive" and "belligerent" completely contradicted passenger descriptions of the incident. Passenger Jason Powell said Dao was not belligerent, saying, "He was very polite, matter-of-fact,"[5][6] In addition, cell phone video by passenger Joya Cummings also contradicted Munoz' description of Dao as belligerent.[5]

Munoz and United were sharply criticized for their initial statements. Two days after the incident Munoz issued an additional statement,[7] apologizing and promising that this type of incident would never happen again on United aircraft. He said, "No one should ever be mistreated this way." In an exclusive interview on Good Morning America, with ABC News Chief Business, Technology and Economics correspondent Rebecca Jarvis, Munoz was asked, "Do you think [Dao] was at fault in any way?" Munoz responded, "No. He can't be. He was a paying passenger sitting on our seat in our aircraft."[8] Munoz was denied a previously planned promotion to chairman as a result of the incident.[11][12] Dao reached an "amicable" settlement with United on April 27, the terms of which were not publicly announced.[9][10]

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Incident

Just before 5:40 p.m. on 9 April 2017, after passengers were seated in the United Express Flight 3411 aircraft but while the plane was still at the gate, the United gate agent announced that they needed to remove four passengers to accommodate four staff members who had to cover an unstaffed flight at another location.[11] The crew members were originally scheduled to take Flight 4448, which was to depart at 2:55 p.m., but that plane was experiencing a significant mechanical delay and had the possibility of being cancelled. The crew was not re-booked to Flight 3411 until 5:21 p.m., 19 minutes before Flight 3411's scheduled departure time.[12]

Several passengers stated that the situation quickly escalated and became even more problematic due to the demeanor of the supervisor who has been identified as Danielle Hill.[13][14][15][16][17][18]

According to passenger Tyler Bridges, "An airline supervisor walked onto the plane and brusquely announced: 'We have United employees that need to fly to Louisville tonight. ... This flight's not leaving until four people get off.'"[19][20] Passenger Jason Powell confirms these descriptions of Danielle Hill’s conduct and said he didn't understand why Hill handled the situation with such an annoyed, belligerent tone. "The tone immediately turned me off," Powell said. "She accelerated the situation. It was poor leadership."[6] In a letter to the editor Powell said, "The disgusting mishandling of the situation included everyone from the rude ticket agent who demanded that this man give up his seat on the flight United overbooked ..."[21]

In an interview with CNN passenger John Klaassen said, "after the first offer was made, the United employee left and it escalated ... had they just tried some diplomacy, none of this had to take place ... they were unwilling to negotiate"[22] Passenger Mary Myers faulted Danielle Hill saying, "I really put all of this on her shoulders. She could have made a difference. She could have handled it differently. She's the one who started it all."[23]

In addition, Myers indicated Dao pleaded with Hill not to remove him from the flight and explained that as a doctor he could not miss his return flight home. “He said, ‘I can’t get off the plane. I have to get home. I’m a doctor. I have to get to the hospital in the morning.’” Myers further stated that Hill’s response was not appropriate. "She said, 'Well, then I'll just have to call the police and have you escorted off the plane.' In my opinion, I think any good supervisor would never have let the situation escalate to that point. Honestly, I think I blame her for the whole entire occurrence. She didn't need to jump to that level."[23]

Passengers were initially offered US$400 in vouchers for future travel on United, a hotel stay, and a seat on a plane leaving more than 21 hours later if they voluntarily deplaned. With no volunteers, the offer was increased to $800 in vouchers.[24][25] With still no volunteers, a manager boarded and informed the flight that four people would be chosen by computer. A spokeswoman for United has since stated that the selection is based on specific factors, including priority to remain aboard for frequent fliers and those who paid a higher fare.[25] Three of the selected passengers, a couple and a woman thought to be Dao's wife, agreed to leave. The fourth selected passenger, 69 year-old David Dao, an Asian-American doctor from Elizabethtown, Kentucky,[26][27][28][29] refused, saying he needed to see patients the next day at his clinic.[30][31] United Airlines staff requested assistance from Chicago Department of Aviation security officers, whose powers differ from those of Chicago Police Department officers; they cannot, for example, file arrest reports.[32]

Dao refused to leave his seat, and in the ensuing scuffle, he suffered injuries to his head and mouth when, according to another passenger, officer James Long[33] threw him against the armrest[34] before dragging him down the aisle by the arms, apparently unconscious. During the altercation, a number of passengers distressed by the incident voluntarily left the aircraft. Four Republic Airline staff then sat in the vacated seats. Shortly afterwards, Dao managed to re-board the aircraft, repeatedly saying, "I have to go home." and "Just kill me." Eventually he collapsed in a seat and was removed from the aircraft on a stretcher.[35] The remaining passengers were then deplaned while blood from the scuffle was cleaned up.[36]

Dao was seen with a bloody face after he was removed from the seat.[37] Other passengers on the flight recorded the event on video using smartphone cameras, which was widely circulated on social media.[35] Another passenger reported hearing Dao say that he had been chosen because of his ethnicity.[38] Dao was taken to the hospital with non life-threatening injuries including a broken nose, loss of two front teeth, sinus injuries, and "a significant concussion" requiring reconstructive surgery according to Dao's lawyer.[39][40]

The flight departed at 7:21 p.m CDT, two hours and two minutes later than scheduled. It arrived at Louisville at 9:01 p.m. CDT, two hours behind schedule.[41]

Aftermath

An 11 April 2017, statement from law firms Golan Christie Taglia and Corboy & Demetrio, who said they represented Dao, indicated that their client's family "wants the world to know that they are very appreciative of the outpouring of prayers, concern and support".[42][43]

The three officers who responded to the incident were James Long, Mauricio Rodriguez Jr. and Steven Smith. Their supervisor was Sergeant John Moore. Long had just returned to the job after being suspended due to insubordination.[44] Long had ignored a supervisor's orders to keep vehicles from driving into a restricted area of the airport.[45] Long was placed on administrative leave soon after the incident; Rodriguez and Smith were placed on administrative leave on April 12. Their supervisor, Sergeant John Moore, was then put on administrative leave on April 19.[44][40][46] Moore had been disciplined at least seven times from 1999 to 2009 for failing to show up for work without notifying a supervisor.[45] The Chicago Department of Aviation said that "The incident on United Flight 3411 was not in accordance with our standard operating procedure and the actions of the aviation security officer are obviously not condoned by the Department ..."[40] The aviation police receive more training and better pay compared to private security guards, but less training and less pay than officers of the Chicago Police Department.[47]

City Inspector General Joseph Ferguson launched an investigation shortly after the incident.[48][49][48][48][50][49] The Office of Inspector General (OIG) released their findings on October 17, 2017 in their Third Quarter 2017 report. The investigation established that three Chicago Department of Aviation (CDA) Aviation Security Officers (ASOs) and one Aviation Security Sergeant violated City of Chicago Personnel Rules. Specifically:

  • The first ASO (James Long) violated the CDA Use of Force Policy when he escalated a non-threatening situation into a physically violent one. Long's use of excessive force caused the passenger to hit his face on an armrest, resulting in the passenger sustaining a concussion, a broken nose, and the loss of two teeth.
  • The second ASO (Mauricio Rodriguez Jr.) made misleading statements in two reports and the third ASO (Steven Smith) made material omissions in a report, regarding the first ASO's forceful removal of the passenger from the aircraft.
  • The Sergeant (John Moore) deliberately removed material facts from the third ASO's "To/From Report" and approved reports without all essential information.

In response to the OIG Report, CDA discharged Long and Moore, and issued five-day suspensions to Rodriguez and Smith.[51]

Airport security changes

On 29 June 2017, the Illinois Law Enforcement Training and Standards Board decertified the Chicago Department of Aviation Police, stating the agency is "in no way" a police agency. They are considered as security, and going forward, the Chicago Police Department will be the primary responders to all airport disturbance calls. The union representing the 300 officer department, SEIU local 73, challenged the downgrade from police to security in an unfair labor practices complaint.[52]

Following a review prompted by this incident, in July 2017 the Chicago Department of Aviation reported that their non-sworn, unarmed airport security personnel were not actually police officers under Illinois law. Their uniforms, badges, and vehicles had been "improperly" labeled "police" due to historical reasons. It promised that the incorrect insignia would be removed within months.[53]

Social media

{{external media
|video1={{cite tweet |user=Tyler_Bridges |number=851214160042106880 |title=@united @FoxNews @CNN not a good way to treat a Doctor trying to get to work because they overbooked |date=April 9, 2017 |df=dmy-all}}
|video2={{cite tweet |user=JayseDavid |number=851223662976004096|title=@United overbook #flight3411 and decided to force random passengers off the plane. Here's how they did it |date=April 9, 2017 |df=dmy-all}}
|video3={{cite tweet |user=Tyler_Bridges |number=851228695360663552|title=@united @CNN @FoxNews @WHAS11 Man forcibly removed from plane somehow gets back on still bloody from being removed |date=April 9, 2017 |df=dmy-all}}
|video4={{cite tweet |user=kaylyn_davis |number=851471574385307648 |title=#flythefriendlyskies my husband was on that flight. Screw you United!! @united |date=April 9, 2017 |df=dmy-all}}
|video5={{cite tweet |user=kaylyn_davis |number=851480498186485760 |title=#flythefriendlyskies @united no words. This poor man!! |date=April 9, 2017 |df=dmy-all}}
}}

Video footage from passengers who remained on the aircraft throughout the incident was widely shared, and was then picked up by mainstream media agencies. One such video was shared 87,000 times and viewed 6.8 million times in less than a day.[54]

{{anchor|Asia}}The victim was initially thought to be Chinese American as one of the witnesses told The Washington Post, "He said, more or less, 'I'm being selected because I'm Chinese.'"[55] His daughter Crystal Dao Pepper later said in the press conference that her father was Vietnamese Chinese. The incident thus drew outrage on mainland Chinese and Vietnamese social media, and became the number one trending topic on the Chinese micro-blogging site Weibo, attracting the attention of more than 480 million users.[56][57][58] An article in Foreign Policy noted the racial and political reasons for the wide spread of the video throughout the mainland Chinese mediasphere, where there are heated debates over the nature of America's political system and its relations to China, and asserted that the video would serve the ends of the authorities and critics of America in challenging America's cultural sway in China.[27] Ire in Vietnam grew after the incident was reported as Dao is a famous musician in that country. There was also negative reaction to allegations over Dao's past being reported in the United States, which was viewed as irrelevant and possibly racist.[59] Dao's reported account of feeling racially profiled incited outrage elsewhere in Asia.[60]

The incident had taken place shortly after another controversy in which United refused boarding to two teenage girls wearing leggings.[61] There were calls by social media users across the world, especially those in the United States, China, and Vietnam, to boycott United Airlines.[62] Customers of the airline posted pictures of their United loyalty or credit cards cut into pieces.[63] Another petition called on the U.S. federal government to launch an investigation into the incident, invoking the Black Lives Matter movement by using the hashtag "#ChineseLivesMatters".[64]

{{anchor|United Continental Holdings}}Stock market

Shares of United Continental Holdings (UAL), the parent of United Airlines, closed at $70.88 on April 7. On April 10, the first trading day after the incident, they rose by 0.9% to close at $71.52.

[65] Although UAL shares declined by 1.1% on April 11, they closed at $70.71, only $0.17 or 0.2% less than the April 7 closing price. Furthermore, they traded above their April 7 closing price during the April 12 trading session.[66]

Research analysts S3 Partners commented on the effect the incident would have on UAL's future financial performance, saying that "consumers might not have much choice but to fly UAL due to airline consolidation, which has reduced competition over most routes. As a result, with passengers having fewer options these days when it comes to carriers, UAL's revenues may not suffer as much as expected unless passengers opt for longer and more expensive flights."[67] Analysts Wolfe Research and Cowen & Co. were also confident of future performance.[68]

Investor Warren Buffett, a major investor in airline stocks, said that United made a "terrible mistake," and that public perceptions were influenced by the CEO's initial reaction. Buffett said that even though airlines may become "like cattle cars," that reflects the public's preference for cheap flights, which has resulted in high load factors. The result of high load factors is a "fair amount of discomfort."[69]

Consumer preference

A poll of 1,900 people conducted three days after the incident suggested that all else being equal, 79% of prospective fliers who had heard of the incident would choose a non-United Airlines flight. 44% would choose a non-United Airlines flight even if it cost US$66 more and took an additional three hours.[70]

Despite calls for a boycott, United Airlines reported 39% greater profits over the previous year in the second quarter of 2017, as well as increased sales. Economist John Kwoka Jr. attributed this to the high level of consolidation of American airlines, with a majority of flights controlled by four corporations—United, Delta, American and Southwest—making a boycott impractical. Additionally, for many travelers, ticket price is the primary deciding factor when booking flights, outweighing other considerations, such as customer service.[71]

Industry behavior

In August 2017, data from the U.S. Department of Transportation showed that bumped-passenger rates were at their lowest since 1995. The rate "markedly decreased" starting in April 2017 (the same month this incident occurred) from 0.62 per 10,000 passengers, to 0.44 per 10,000 in the second quarter of 2017.[72]

Responses

United Airlines

On April 9, United issued a statement: "Flight 3411 from Chicago to Louisville was overbooked. After our team looked for volunteers, one customer refused to leave the aircraft voluntarily and law enforcement was asked to come to the gate. We apologize for the overbook situation. Further details on the removed customer should be directed to authorities."[73][74][75] The company also tweeted "Flight 3411 from Chicago to Louisville was overbooked. After our team looked for volunteers, one customer refused to leave the aircraft voluntarily and law enforcement was asked to come to the gate."[76] By April 11, United corrected its prior mistaken statement, stating that the flight was in fact not overbooked, but sold out, and the four employees who needed the seats were considered "must-ride" passengers who had to travel to another city to work as aircraft crew.

[77]

United CEO Oscar Munoz stated on April 10: "This is an upsetting event to all of us here at United. I apologize for having to re-accommodate these customers. Our team is moving with a sense of urgency to work with the authorities and conduct our own detailed review of what happened. We are also reaching out to this passenger to talk directly to him and further address and resolve this situation."[78][79] Munoz's use of the word "re-accommodate" received particular attention and ridicule from social media and commentators.[80][81][82] The words "re-accommodate" and "re-accommodated" appear several times in the text of the standard United Airlines Contract of Carriage.[83]

Later on April 10, in an e-mail to employees, Munoz praised and defended the crew's actions, while [falsely] claiming the passenger was "disruptive and belligerent".[100] He stated that this was not a mistake, but "Our employees followed established procedures for dealing with situations like this."[84] This led to an online petition calling for his resignation.[85]

In a subsequent public statement released by United in the afternoon of 11 April 2017,[31] Munoz was more sensitive to public opinion. His note described the Dao incident as "truly horrific" and expressed an understanding of the "outrage, anger, disappointment" felt by many. He took full responsibility and apologized, adding that "No one should ever be mistreated this way". He promised to conduct a thorough review and release a report by April 30. The public statement ends with this comment: "I promise you we will do better."[86]

During a television interview on April 12, Munoz announced that effective immediately, United Airlines would no longer use police in involuntary bumping situations: "We're not going to put a law enforcement official ... [onto a United aircraft] to remove a booked, paid, seated passenger." He apologized to Dao and his family and said, "That is not who our family at United is. You saw us at a bad moment; this can and will never happen again on a United Airlines flight. That is my promise." Asked if Dao was at fault in any way, he said, "No, he can't be ... no one should be treated that way, period."[87][88][89]

In response to a signed petition, Munoz said he did not intend to resign.[90][91]

Three days after the incident, United Airlines elected to provide all passengers aboard United Express Flight 3411 compensation equal to the cost of their tickets.[92] An email obtained by CNN stated that this compensation was in the form of a $500 voucher toward future travel on United Airlines.[93] On 13 April 2017, United internally announced a policy change to ensure that flight crews are booked "at least 60 minutes prior to departure."[94][95] On April 18, Munoz reported that no one will be fired as a result of the incident.[96][97][98]

On April 21, it was reported that Munoz would not become chairman of the airline, as had been planned, because of the incident.[99] Munoz's employment agreement was amended subsequent to the incident to reflect that he would not be elevated to chairman. In a government filing, United said that the airline was developing a program for 2017 so that compensation was "directly and meaningfully tied to progress in improving the customer experience."[100]

United and Dao reached a confidential settlement on April 27.[9][101] Although the financial terms of the settlement remain confidential, one of the stipulations of the settlement was that Dao could not sue the City of Chicago.[102][103][104][105] At the same time, the airline announced ten policy changes in response to the incident. These included raising the maximum amount of travel vouchers to passengers "bounced" from flights to up to $10,000 and a $1,500 "no questions asked" fee for permanently lost luggage, and the airline promised to reduce overbooking.[106] However, United Airlines had not raised the amount for bounced passengers from their previous $1350 maximum as of the 14 December 2017 revision of their Contract of Carriage Agreement.[107]

Public relations professionals

The handling of the incident by Munoz was described as a "fumbling response" by Bloomberg News, part of a "public-relations disaster" for United.[108] Munoz had been named "Communicator of the Year for 2017" by PRWeek in March 2017.[109] Steve Barrett, Editor-in-chief of PRWeek US, later noted: "It's fair to say that if PRWeek was choosing its Communicator of the Year now, we would not be awarding it to Oscar Munoz … In time, the episode and subsequent response will be quoted in textbooks as an example of how not to respond in a crisis."[110] Public relations expert Rupert Younger, director of the Oxford University Centre for Corporate Reputation, called the handling of the situation "a major disappointment." In Younger's view, Munoz should have moved more quickly and been more genuinely apologetic from the start.[111] Former Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs Philip J. Crowley said: "It's hard to think of a case study that went so compellingly wrong so rapidly."[112]

United Master Executive Council

On April 13, 2017, the United Master Executive Council, the United Airlines bargaining unit of the Air Line Pilots Association trade union, issued a statement to shift blame from United to Republic Airline, one of the carriers under contract to operate United Express flights, and especially the Chicago Department of Aviation. The statement read in part: "this violent incident should never have happened and was a result of gross excessive force by Chicago Department of Aviation personnel."[113][114]

Other airlines

Emirates launched an advertising campaign that parodies United Airline's "Fly the Friendly Skies" slogan and Munoz's previous statements about airlines in the Middle East.[115][116] Royal Jordanian put up a picture of a no-smoking sign on its Twitter account with the messages, "We would like to remind you that drags on flights are strictly prohibited by passengers and crew," and "We are here to keep you #united. Dragging is strictly prohibited."[117]Delta Air Lines increased the amount of compensation supervisors can offer to displaced passengers from $1,350 to $9,950 with gate agents able to offer $2,000, up from $800.[95][118] American Airlines also enacted a new policy: passengers who have already boarded will never be removed to seat others.[119] Southwest Airlines announced they will no longer overbook flights.[120]

United States government

Executive branch

The White House's "We the People" webpage received 100,000 petition signatures in one day—exceeding the threshold needed for official review—demanding a government investigation into the incident.[121] White House Press Secretary Sean Spicer commented that "It was an unfortunate incident" and added "when you watch the video, it is troubling to see how that was handled."[122][123]

The United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) said it was reviewing the incident. "While it is legal for airlines to [involuntarily] bump passengers from an oversold flight when there are not enough volunteers, it is the airline's responsibility to determine its own fair boarding priorities," the agency said in a statement.[31] On April 12, the USDOT stated that it was "reviewing the involuntary denied boarding of passenger(s) from United Express flight 3411 to determine whether the airline "complied with the oversales rule."[124][125]

New Jersey Governor Chris Christie asked the United States Secretary of Transportation, Elaine Chao, to suspend allowing airlines to overbook passengers.[147]

U.S. President Donald Trump criticized United Airlines' response to Dao in an interview with The Wall Street Journal. He said the airline's treatment of their customer was "horrible" and that the airline should have further increased the financial offer to customers to voluntarily leave the plane, instead of choosing to use force. Trump told The Wall Street Journal: "You know, there's a point at which I'm getting off the plane ... seriously. They should have gone up higher. But to just randomly say, 'You're getting off the plane,' that was terrible."[126]

Congress

A bipartisan group of senators on the Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee described the incident as "disturbing", and wrote to Munoz and the Chicago Department of Aviation. The group sought information about the crew-scheduling mix-up that required passengers to give up their seats, and asked whether United considers bumping a passenger to accommodate employees to be the same as an "oversold" situation. They asked the Chicago Department of Aviation about their security protocols and whether Dao had been passive or threatening during the incident. Both parties were given until April 20, 2017, to respond.[127] United Airlines submitted their response on April 26, 2017.[128]

Separately, twenty-one Democratic U.S. Senators wrote to Munoz to express their deep concern, and asked a range of questions about the incident, requesting a response by April 24, 2017.[129][130]

Congressional Delegate Eleanor Holmes Norton (D-DC) called for hearings from the House Transportation and Infrastructure (T&I) Committee.[131] Dan Lipinski (D-IL), member of the House Transportation Committee's Aviation subcommittee, called on Congress to make legislative amendments to give passengers more rights and to prevent further similar incidents.[132][133] Senator Robert Menendez (D-NJ) said the incident was disturbing and criticized Munoz's "empty apology."[134]

Senator Chris Van Hollen (D-MD) is drafting the "Customers Not Cargo Act", which would ban airlines from involuntarily bumping passengers who are already on the aircraft and seated. He previously said United must do more than "apologize", and called for a full investigation.[135][136] Separately, congresswoman Jan Schakowsky (D-IL) stated she intended to introduce legislation to end involuntarily bumping of passengers, requiring airlines to increase their offer until a customer voluntarily gives up their seat.[137] On April 26, 2017, Senators Maggie Hassan (D-NH) and Brian Schatz (D-Hawaii) introduced a bill which would change how airlines handle their boarding and bumping policies.[138]

Illinois General Assembly

Illinois state Representative Peter Breen has introduced the Airline Passenger Protection Act in the Illinois House of Representatives. The act forbids state or local government authorities from removing passengers that are not dangerous or causing a disturbance in non-emergency situations. It also forbids the state of Illinois from doing business with airlines whose policies allow removal of paying passengers to make room for employees traveling on non-revenue tickets.[139][140]

Chicago City Council

Chicago City Council's Aviation Committee held hearings starting April 13 to investigate the incident. Committee Chairman Mike Zalewski said the incident had damaged the reputation of Chicago and O'Hare International Airport. Zalewski wanted responses from United, Aviation Commissioner Ginger Evans and from the union representing aviation police, SEIU Local 73.[129]

An April 12 statement by the Chicago Department of Aviation offered these comments about their security staff: "While they do have limited authority to make an arrest, Sunday's incident was not within standard operating procedures nor will we tolerate that kind of action. That is why we quickly placed the aviation security officer on leave pending a thorough review of the situation. The action we have taken thus far reflects what we currently know, and as our review continues we will not hesitate to take additional action as appropriate."[31][88][141]

Chicago Police Department

Chicago Aviation Security were instructed to remove the word "police" from their uniforms in January 2017, but they disobeyed this instruction.[142] As a result, there was confusion as to who responded to the event with some thinking that the Chicago Police Department responded. The Chicago Police Department Office of Communications stated that Dr. Dao fell—a statement which contradicts what is seen in both videos.[143] When questioned about this, the Chicago Police Department's chief spokesman Anthony Guglielmi said, "CPD didn't release an official statement on it. We were not involved. Dept. of Aviation has everything you will need."[143] When pressed further about why CPD issued a response about an incident in which they were not involved, Guglielmi said this, "A takeaway for me is to ensure the department's press office is more consistent in referring to appropriate outside agencies for incidents in which CPD is not the acting or involved agency."[143]

Litigation

Dao's personal injury lawyer asked the Cook County Circuit Court for an order requiring United and the city of Chicago to retain all video, cockpit recordings, and other reports from the flight, including personnel files of the Aviation Department officers who pulled Dao from the plane.[144][145] United and the city of Chicago agreed, forgoing a court hearing.[146]

Through his lawyers, Dao described his ordeal as "more horrifying" than his experience of the Fall of Saigon during the Vietnam War.[147]

On April 24, Dao's attorney announced that Dao intended to file a lawsuit against United.[148][149] Three days later, United and Dao reached a confidential settlement.[9][10]

In April 2018, one of the Aviation Department officers, James Long, filed a lawsuit against United Airlines and the Chicago Department of Aviation alleging that he was not properly trained to handle misbehaving passengers, he was unfairly fired and slandered.[150]

Third-party legal commentary

Early reports and United Airlines initially characterized the incident as a consequence of overbooking, leading some experts to question whether that was the case.[151] John Banzhaf, a professor of law at the George Washington University Law School, states that United was "citing the wrong federal rule to justify its illegal request to force a passenger already boarded and seated to disembark," since the regulation cited only covers denial of boarding, and not removing a passenger after boarding.[152]

Another observed that while United has asserted a right to remove passengers after boarding, none of the reasons for doing so specified in the airline's contract of carriage applied in this situation.[153] One attorney pointedly stated United "had absolutely no right to remove that man from the airplane"[154] and described the incident as "assault and battery."[152]

Chicago City Council alderman Michael Zalewski questioned whether the Chicago Airport Police even had the legal authority to enter the aircraft.[155]

A partner at Kreindler & Kreindler, a law firm specializing in air disaster litigation, concluded, "United, if they're smart, will quickly and quietly settle the case."[156]

Cultural impact

Comedian Jimmy Kimmel criticized United Airlines and its handling of the incident in a five-minute segment of Jimmy Kimmel Live! that aired on April 10, 2017, and included video of the incident.[157] Kimmel, referring to the word "re-accommodate" used by Munoz, said, "That is such sanitized, say-nothing, take-no-responsibility, corporate BS speak."[158]

The incident has been discussed on numerous other comedy shows, including Conan, Ellen, and Saturday Night Live.[159] In an SNL sketch, Jimmy Fallon's character Doug proposes marriage to Cecily Strong's Jen after admitting he made "one of the biggest mistakes a person can make". Jen replies, "No, Doug! You dragged a man off a plane this week!"[160][161]

The cover of the New Yorker May 22 issue depicted former FBI director James Comey, who had just been fired, being dragged down the aisle of an airplane by U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions.[162]

Popular comic strip Pearls Before Swine, by Stephan Pastis, ran a series of strips later that year where main character Rat got his dream job at a place where 'beating up people is encouraged,' later revealed to be an airline. Rat was seen threatening to beat people up when the flight became overbooked.

American actor Will Ferrell mentioned the incident in his May 2017 commencement address to the University of Southern California's graduating class. Referring to his honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree awarded on the same day, he quipped:[163]

{{quote|text=The next time I'm flying and they ask if there's a doctor on board, I can now confidently leap to my feet and scream, 'I'm a doctor, what can I do? Yes, no problem, I can absolutely deliver that baby.' Hopefully it will be on United Airlines, in which case I will be immediately be subdued and dragged off the aircraft, which we all know will be recorded on someone's iPhone and put on YouTube.}}

Similar incidents

A passenger on a United Airlines flight who bought a full-priced first-class ticket from Lihue (Hawaii) to Los Angeles was told to get off the plane because "they needed the seat for somebody more important." [164] According to the passenger, the gate agent rudely stated, "We have a priority list, and you're at the bottom of it."[165] The gate agent then threatened him by saying he would be arrested and put in handcuffs. He is now considering legal action against United.[166]

A woman was forced to hold her two year old child on her lap for over three and one-half hours when United Airlines sold her child's seat to a standby passenger. She paid approximately $1,000.00 for the seat. FAA regulations do not permit children two years or older to travel as lap infants.[167] The passenger appealed to the Flight Attendant but the FA was dismissive, shrugged her shoulders and said the flight was full.[168][169][170][171] The passenger was afraid to push the issue because of what happened to Dr. Dao.[168][169][170][171] When she flew back to Hawaii, United Airlines gave her a lei.[169]

A family on a Delta Air Lines flight was removed from the aircraft and threatened with jail time and loss of custody of their children by Delta Air Lines staff for not giving up a seat that they had purchased for their teenage son who was not flying on the flight. Delta refused to provide any compensation or lodging for the family.[172]

See also

  • List of air rage incidents
  • "United Breaks Guitars", song about the singer's struggle with the airline to get compensation for an instrument damaged during transit on a United flight

References

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22. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UBkkYHcsyIs |title=Will you fly United Airlines Again? Dragged Vietnamese man witnesses asked in CNN interview |first=|last=Sandy |date=July 30, 2017 |via=YouTube |df=dmy-all}}
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24. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.wcvb.com/article/united-airlines-ceo-calls-passenger-pulled-from-plane-disruptive-and-belligerent/9258915 |title=United Airlines' CEO calls passenger pulled from plane 'disruptive and belligerent' |publisher=WCVB |access-date=April 11, 2017 |df=dmy-all}}
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27. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/04/11/chinese-blame-america-for-united-airlines/ |title=Chinese blame America for United Airlines [incident] |magazine=Foreign Policy |access-date=April 12, 2017 |df=dmy-all}}
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33. ^https://heavy.com/news/2017/04/david-dao-police-report-james-long-steven-smith-mauricio-rodriguez-officers-united-airlines-video-passenger/
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36. ^{{cite web |last=Loosemore |first=Bailey |title=Teacher on United flight took students off plane after incident |website=USA Today |publisher=The (Louisville) Courier-Journal |date=April 11, 2017 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2017/04/11/teacher-aboard-united-flight-removed-students/100327772/ |accessdate=April 12, 2017 |df=dmy-all}}
37. ^{{cite news |title=Anger as passenger violently removed from United flight |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/04/anger-asian-man-violently-removed-united-flight-170410152538856.html |accessdate=April 11, 2017 |website=Al Jazerra |date=April 11, 2017 |df=dmy-all}}
38. ^{{cite news |last=Denyer |first=Simon |title=United Airlines: Passenger was dragged off flight because he was Asian, say Chinese commentators |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/united-airlines-passenger-dragged-off-flight-3411-asian-china-media-chicago-o-hare-plane-racism-a7677821.html |accessdate=April 12, 2017|work=Independent (UK) |date=April 11, 2017 |df=dmy-all}}
39. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/04/13/travel/united-passenger-pulled-off-flight-lawsuit-family-attorney-speak/index.html |title=Man dragged off United flight was injured, will file suit, lawyer says |website=CNN|access-date=April 13, 2017 |last=McLaughlin |first=Eliott C. |df=dmy-all}}
40. ^1 2 {{cite news |url=http://time.com/4733652/united-airlines-chicago-passenger-officer-leave/ |title=Officer who forcibly removed passenger from United Airlines flight placed on leave |last=Calfas |first=Jennifer |date=April 10, 2017 |magazine=Time |accessdate=April 11, 2017 |df=dmy-all}}
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43. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.corboydemetrio.com/news-statement-united-airlines-passenger.html |title=Statement on behalf of United Airlines Passenger Dr. David Dao |date=April 11, 2017 |website=Corboy & Demetrio |access-date=April 12, 2017 |df=dmy-all}}
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66. ^{{cite web |title=United Continental Holdings Inc (NYSE:UAL) |publisher=Google Finance |date=March 9, 2017 |url=https://www.google.com/finance?chdnp=1&chdd=1&chds=1&chdv=1&chvs=maximized&chdeh=0&chfdeh=0&chdet=1492113600000&chddm=1955&chls=IntervalBasedLine&q=NYSE:UAL&ntsp=0&ei=gVr3WNCjI8KLmAGSxYKoCQ |accessdate=April 19, 2017 |df=dmy-all}}
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71. ^{{cite news |title=United Airlines profit rises despite boycott threats over passenger treatment |first=Micah |last=Maidenberg |date=18 July 2017 |accessdate=17 September 2017 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/18/business/united-airlines-profit-earnings.html |df=dmy-all}}
72. ^{{cite news |last=Kennedy |first=Merrit |title=After viral scandals, airline bumping rates hit historic lows |url=https://www.npr.org/2017/08/08/542241177/after-viral-scandals-airline-bumping-rates-hit-historic-lows |accessdate=August 8, 2017 |work=National Public Radio (NPR) |date=August 8, 2017 |df=dmy-all}}
73. ^{{cite news |title= United Airlines doctor video: Moment-by-moment timeline of Flight 3411 |url=http://abc7chicago.com/news/united-airlines-doctor-video-moment-by-moment-timeline-of-flight-3411/1864536/ |accessdate=April 14, 2017 |website=ABC 7 Chicago |date=April 12, 2017}}
74. ^{{cite news |last=Bachman |first=Justin |title= United is under fire for dragging a passenger off an overbooked flight |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-04-10/united-s-forcible-removal-from-overbooked-flight-triggers-outrage |accessdate=April 14, 2017 |work=Bloomberg |date=April 10, 2017 |df=dmy-all}}
75. ^* {{cite tweet |user=United |number=851379746613059584 |access-date=April 15, 2017 |title=We apologize for the overbook situation. Further details on the removed customer should be directed to authorities. |date=April 10, 2017 |df=dmy-all}}* {{cite tweet |user=United |number=851374956218798081 |access-date=April 15, 2017 |title=We apologize for the overbook situation. Further details on the removed customer should be directed to authorities. |date=April 10, 2017 |df=dmy-all}}
76. ^* {{cite tweet |user=United |number=851383383888285696 |accessdate=April 15, 2017 |title=Flight 3411 from Chicago to Louisville was overbooked. After our team looked for volunteers, one customer refused to leave |date=April 10, 2017 |df=dmy-all}}* {{cite tweet|user=United|number=851383404897513473 |accessdate=April 15, 2017 |title=the aircraft voluntarily and law enforcement was asked to come to the gate |date=April 10, 2017 |df=dmy-all}}
77. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/flights/todayinthesky/2017/04/11/united-clarifies-flight-3411-not-oversold/100331782/|title=United 'clarifies' that Flight 3411 was not oversold |work=USA Today |access-date=April 13, 2017 |language=en |df=dmy-all}}
78. ^{{cite tweet |user=United |number=851471781827420160 |accessdate=April 11, 2017 |title=United CEO response to United Express Flight 3411 |date=April 10, 2017 |df=dmy-all}}
79. ^{{cite news |url=http://newsroom.united.com/news-releases?item=124753 |accessdate=April 15, 2017 |title=Response to United Express Flight 3411 |df=dmy-all}}
80. ^{{cite news |last1=Curl |first1=Joseph |title=The Orwellian explanation of United's 're-accommodation' |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/apr/11/united-uses-orwells-newspeak-to-explain-re-accommo/ |accessdate=April 12, 2017 |work=The Washington Times |date=April 11, 2017 |df=dmy-all}}
81. ^{{cite news |last1=Thomas |first1=Lauren|title=United CEO says airline had to 're-accommodate' passenger, and the reaction was wild |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/04/10/united-ceo-says-airline-had-to-re-accommodate-passenger-and-twitter-is-having-a-riot.html |accessdate=April 12, 2017 |publisher=CNBC |date=April 10, 2017}}
82. ^{{cite news |last1=Steinmetz |first1=Katy |title=United Airlines 'reaccommodated' a passenger. Is that the euphemism of the year? |url=http://time.com/4735588/united-airlines-video-overbooked-reaccommodate-oscar-munoz/ |accessdate=April 12, 2017 |magazine=Time |date=April 12, 2017 |df=dmy-all}}
83. ^https://www.united.com/ual/en/us/fly/contract-of-carriage.html
84. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-united-ceo-oscar-munoz-letter-20170410-story.html |title=United CEO Oscar Munoz defends employees in letter|last=Press|first=Associated |work=chicagotribune.com |access-date=April 12, 2017 |language=en-US |df=dmy-all}}
85. ^{{cite news |last1=Seik |first1=Avi |title=United CEO, facing boycott calls, defends booting passenger so crew could take his seat |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/dr-gridlock/wp/2017/04/11/amid-pr-fiasco-over-dragged-passenger-united-ceo-defends-his-crew/ |accessdate=April 11, 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=April 11, 2017 |df=dmy-all}}
86. ^{{cite web |url=http://newsroom.united.com/news-releases?item=124755 |title=Statement from United Airlines CEO Oscar Munoz on United Express Flight 3411 |publisher=United Airlines |accessdate=April 11, 2017 |df=dmy-all}}
87. ^{{cite interview |last=Munoz |first=Oscar |interviewer=Rebecca Jarvis |title=United Airlines CEO Oscar Munoz: Interview after passenger dragged off flight |work=Good Morning America (US morning television show) |publisher=ABC |location=Chicago |date=April 12, 2017 |df=dmy-all}}
88. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://abcnews.go.com/US/united-ceo-oscar-munoz-felt-sham-passenger-dragged/story?id=46746594 |title=United CEO Oscar Munoz felt 'shame' to see passenger dragged off flight |date=April 12, 2017 |website=ABC News |publisher=Disney–ABC Television Group |access-date=April 12, 2017 |df=dmy-all}}
89. ^{{cite web |title=United Airlines CEO Oscar Munoz {{!}} INTERVIEW after passenger dragged off flight |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90jSUe_vdhM |publisher=ABC News |date=April 12, 2017 |df=dmy-all}}
90. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/united-airline-ceo-1.4067069 |title=Updated: United Airlines won't use police to remove overbooked passengers, apologetic CEO says |date=April 12, 2017 |website=CBC News |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |access-date=April 12, 2017 |df=dmy-all}}
91. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-39580112 |title=United Airlines boss Oscar Munoz will not resign |publisher=BBC News Online |accessdate=April 12, 2017 |df=dmy-all}}
92. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/flights/todayinthesky/2017/04/12/united-refund-fares-all-flight-3411-passengers/100384450/ |title=United Airlines to refund fares to all Flight 3411 passengers |last=Mutzabaugh |first=Ben|date=April 12, 2017 |website=USA Today |access-date=April 12, 2017 |df=dmy-all}}
93. ^{{cite news |url=http://money.cnn.com/2017/04/13/news/companies/united-airlines-passenger-vouchers/ |title=United offers to compensate passengers on Flight 3411 |df=dmy-all}}
94. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.tmz.com/2017/04/14/united-changes-policy-overbooking-removing-passengers/ |title=United Airlines policy change for overbooking, removing passengers |date=April 14, 2017 |website=TMZ |df=dmy-all}}
95. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/04/14/524033117/united-airlines-changes-its-policy-on-displacing-customers |title=United Airlines changes its policy on displacing customers |date=April 14, 2017 |publisher=NPR |df=dmy-all}}
96. ^{{cite news |url=http://abcnews.go.com/Business/wireStory/united-ceo-fired-dragging-incident-46864542 |title=United CEO says no one will be fired for dragging incident |publisher=ABC News |access-date=April 18, 2017 |language=en |df=dmy-all}}
97. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/business/business-news/no-one-getting-fired-over-passenger-dragging-incident-says-united-n747921 |title=No one will be fired over passenger dragging incident, says United CEO |website=NBC News |access-date=April 18, 2017 |language=en |df=dmy-all}}
98. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-united-passenger-dragged-earnings-0419-biz-20170418-story.html |title=United Airlines CEO: No one will be fired in passenger-dragging incident |last=Zumbach |first=Lauren |publisher=Chicago Tribune |access-date=April 18, 2017 |language=en-US |df=dmy-all}}
99. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/21/business/united-airlines-ceo.html |title=Oscar Munoz won't get planned promotion to chairman of United |last=Meier |first=Barry |date=April 21, 2017 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=April 22, 2017 |issn=0362-4331 |df=dmy-all}}
100. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ual-passenger-idUSKBN17N2H4 |title=United CEO Munoz will not chair board in 2018 following passenger furor |date=April 22, 2017 |agency=Reuters |access-date=April 22, 2017 |df=dmy-all}}
101. ^{{cite news |url=http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2017/04/united-airlines-reviews-passenger-dragging-incident.html |title=United Airlines Settles with passenger who was dragged off overbooked flight |last=Kirby |first=Jen |department=Daily Intelligencer |newspaper=New York Magazine |access-date=April 27, 2017 |language=en |df=dmy-all}}
102. ^{{cite web |url=http://onemileatatime.boardingarea.com/2017/05/04/dao-settlement-united-police/ |title=Interesting: United settlement precludes Dao from suing police |website=One Mile at a Time |date=May 4, 2017 |accessdate=January 25, 2018 |df=dmy-all}}
103. ^{{cite web |url=http://us.blastingnews.com/news/2017/04/settlement-reached-between-dr-dao-and-united-airlines-001587605.html |title=Settlement reached between Dr. Dao and United Airlines |website=Blasting News |accessdate=January 25, 2018 |df=dmy-all}}
104. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.chicagobusiness.com/article/20170427/NEWS10/170429872/united-airlines-settles-with-victim-of-dragging-incident |title=United Airlines settles with victim of dragging incident |publisher=Chicago Business |accessdate=January 25, 2018 |df=dmy-all}}
105. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ibtimes.com.au/no-more-lawsuits-united-airlines-reaches-settlement-david-dao-1551882 |title=No more lawsuits: United Airlines reaches settlement with David Dao |website=www.ibtimes.com.au |accessdate=January 25, 2018 |df=dmy-all}}
106. ^{{cite news |last=Mutzabaugh |first=Ben |url=http://www.9news.com/ext/news/nation-now/united-airlines-is-making-these-10-customerservice-policy-changes/73/nationnow/3SadTG1PdCw8koWWWS8CU4 |title=United Airlines is making these 10 customer-service policy changes |date=April 27, 2017 |website=9 News |accessdate=May 1, 2017 |df=dmy-all}}
107. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.united.com/web/en-US/content/contract-of-carriage.aspx#sec25 |title=UA Contract of Carriage |date=Dec 14, 2017 |accessdate=Dec 30, 2017 |df=dmy-all}}
108. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/04/10/united-ceo-passenger-disruptive-belligerent.html |title=United CEO doubles down in email to employees, says passenger was 'disruptive and belligerent' |last=Rosoff |first=Matt |date=April 10, 2017 |website=CNBC |publisher=NBC Universal |access-date=April 12, 2017 |quote=Crew members "were left with no choice but to call Chicago Aviation Security Officers to assist in removing the customer from the flight," Munoz wrote, and at one point the passenger "continued to resist - running back onto the aircraft in defiance of both our crew and security officials."}}
109. ^{{cite news |url=http://time.com/4733467/united-airlines-ceo-oscar-munoz-award/ |title=People Are Not Happy the United Airlines CEO Was Recently Named 'Communicator of the Year' |last=Rhodan |first=Maya |date=April 10, 2017 |website=TIME |publisher=Time Inc. |access-date=April 12, 2017}}
110. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.prweek.com/article/1430341/united-airlines-needs-better |title=United Airlines needs to do better |last=Barrett |first=Steve|date=April 12, 2017 |website=PR Week US |access-date=April 12, 2017}}
111. ^{{ cite news | last = Petroff | first = Alanna | date = April 11, 2017 | title = United Airlines shows how to make a PR crisis a total disaster | url=http://money.cnn.com/2017/04/11/news/united-passenger-pr-disaster/index.html| work = CNN Money}}
112. ^{{cite news|last1=Crowley |first1=Philip J.|title=White House says United episode 'troubling'|url=http://thehill.com/blogs/pundits-blog/transportation/328288-what-others-can-learn-from-uniteds-pr-disaster|accessdate=April 12, 2017|work=The Hill|date=April 11, 2017}}
113. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.indystar.com/story/money/2017/04/14/infuriated-united-airlines-pilots-want-you-know-passenger-dragged-off-republic-plane/100459412/|title='Infuriated' United Airlines pilots want you to know that passenger was dragged off Republic plane|publisher=Indy Star|date=April 14, 2017}}
114. ^{{cite news|title=United Airlines pilots "infuriated" by "grossly inappropriate" dragging of passenger|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/united-airlines-pilots-infuriated-by-grossly-inappropriate-dragging-of-passenger/|date=April 14, 2017|publisher=CBS News}}
115. ^{{cite news|last1=Zhang|first1=Benjamin|title=Emirates is trolling United Airlines in a new commercial|url=https://www.businessinsider.com.au/emirates-united-airlines-ceo-feud-2017-4?r=US&IR=T|accessdate=April 12, 2017|work=Business Insider|date=April 12, 2017}}
116. ^{{cite news|last1=Abramson|first1=Alana|title=Emirates Is Trolling United Airlines CEO Oscar Munoz After Passenger Removal|url=http://fortune.com/2017/04/11/emirates-united-airlines-oscar-munoz-passenger-removal/|accessdate=April 12, 2017|work=Fortune|date=April 12, 2017}}
117. ^{{cite web |last=Pignataro |first=Juliana Rose |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/united-airlines-controversy-emirates-royal-jordanian-troll-company-after-passenger-2524512 |title=United Airlines Controversy: Emirates, Royal Jordanian Troll Company After Passenger Forcibly Removed |date=April 12, 2017 |work=International Business Times |accessdate=April 18, 2017}}
118. ^{{cite news|url=http://money.cnn.com/2017/04/14/news/companies/delta-10000-overbooked-flight/|title=Delta will pay you up to $10,000 to give up your seat|date=April 14, 2017|publisher=CNN}}
119. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-delta-overbooking-20170414-story.html|title=Overbooked flight on Delta? You now could get nearly $10,000 to give up your seat|date=April 29, 2017|publisher=CNN}}
120. ^{{cite news|url=http://money.cnn.com/2017/04/27/news/companies/southwest-airlines-overbooking/|title=Southwest Airlines: We won't overbook anymore|date=April 29, 2017|publisher=CNN}}
121. ^{{cite news|last1=Hollingsworth|first1=Julia|last2=Delaney|first2=Robert|title=100,000 signatures goal reached on petition calling for investigation into airline's removal of passenger|url=http://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/2086812/petition-calling-investigation-airlines-removal-passenger-garners|accessdate=April 12, 2017|work=South China Morning Post|date=April 12, 2017}}
122. ^{{cite news|last1=Horowitz |first1=Julia|title=White House says United episode 'troubling'|url=http://money.cnn.com/2017/04/11/news/companies/united-incident-white-house-response/|accessdate=April 11, 2017|work=CNN Money|date=April 11, 2017}}
123. ^{{cite news|last1=Struyk|first1=Ryan|title=Videos of man being dragged off United flight 'troubling,' Spicer says|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/spicer-calls-videos-man-dragged-off-united-flight/story?id=46733070|accessdate=April 12, 2017|work=ABC News|date=April 11, 2017}}
124. ^{{cite news|last1=Muoio|first1=Danielle|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/department-of-transportation-reviewing-united-airlines-passenger-dragged-flight-2017-4|accessdate=April 11, 2017|title=United Airlines' brand takes a beating after bumped passenger dragged off plane|agency=Business Insider|publisher=Business Insider Australia}}
125. ^{{cite news |last=Sweet |first=Lynn |date=April 11, 2017 |title=Transportation Department reviewing United Airlines incident |url=http://chicago.suntimes.com/politics/transportation-department-reviewing-united-airlines-incident/ |work=Chicago Sun Times |location=Chicago |access-date=April 12, 2017}}
126. ^{{cite news|date=April 13, 2017|agency=NBC News|work=CNBC|first=Corey|last=Siemaszko|title=David Dao, doctor dragged off plane, files court papers demanding United Airlines preserve evidence|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/04/13/david-dao-doctor-dragged-off-plane-files-court-papers-demanding-united-airlines-preserve-evidence.html}}
127. ^{{cite web | last=Zanona | first=Melanie | title=Bipartisan group demands answers on United incident | website=The Hill | date=April 11, 2017 | url=http://thehill.com/policy/transportation/328381-bipartisan-group-demands-answers-on-united-incident | accessdate=April 12, 2017}}
128. ^{{cite web | last=Munoz | first=Oscar | title=Answers to Senate Commerce Committee Questions | website=The U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation | date=April 26, 2017 | url=https://www.commerce.senate.gov/public/_cache/files/8b77e11a-253a-4b5c-8ffc-64c4cda8ccee/70226A7518E640113EE6E948265DD8AB.united-chicago-response.pdf | accessdate=May 22, 2017}}
129. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Spielman|first1=Fran|last2=Sweet|first2=Lynn|title=Lawmakers in Chicago, Washington jump on United after incident|url=http://chicago.suntimes.com/politics/united-airlines-incident-may-spur-congress-to-act-lipinski/|accessdate=April 12, 2017|work=Chicago Sun Times|date=April 12, 2017}}
130. ^{{cite press release |author= |title=Menendez, Booker Join 21 Senators to Demand Answers from United Airlines Following the Forcible Removal of A Passenger |url=https://www.menendez.senate.gov/news-and-events/press/menendez-booker-join-21-senators-to-demand-answers-from-united-airlines-following-the-forcible-removal-of-a-passenger |location=Washington D.C., US |publisher=Office of Bob Menedez |date=April 11, 2017 |access-date=April 12, 2017}}
131. ^{{cite news|last1=Aratani|first1=Lori|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/dr-gridlock/wp/2017/04/10/d-c-del-eleanor-holmes-norton-calls-for-hearings-into-dragging-incident-on-united-flight|accessdate=April 11, 2017|title=D.C. Del Eleanor Holmes Norton calls for hearings into dragging incident on United flight|website=The Washington Post}}
132. ^{{cite news|last1=Pyke|first1=Marni|title=United CEO apologizes again; passenger still in hospital as family thanks public|url=http://www.dailyherald.com/article/20170411/news/170419741/|accessdate=April 12, 2017|work=Daily Herald|date=April 12, 2017}}
133. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Keonig|first1=David|last2=Rousseau|first2=Caryn|title=United passenger treated for injuries, Senate committee leaders ask for answers|url=http://www.680news.com/2017/04/10/united-passenger-treated-injuries-senate-committee-leaders-ask-answers/|accessdate=April 12, 2017|work=680 News|date=April 12, 2017}}
134. ^{{cite news|last1=Bachman|first1=Justin|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-04-10/united-s-forcible-removal-from-overbooked-flight-triggers-outrage|accessdate=April 11, 2017|title=United Is Under Fire for Dragging a Passenger Off an Overbooked Flight|publisher=Bloomberg}}
135. ^{{cite web|last1=Zanona|first1=Melanie|title=Dem plans bill to prohibit airlines from forcibly removing passengers|url=http://thehill.com/policy/transportation/328497-dem-plans-bill-to-prohibit-airlines-from-forcibly-removing-passengers|website=The Hill|date=April 12, 2017|accessdate=April 17, 2017}}
136. ^{{cite tweet |user=ChrisVanHollen |number=851597365849075713 |date=April 10, 2017 |title=United must do more }}
137. ^{{cite press release |author= |title=Schakowsky drafting legislation to prevent United Airlines debacle from happening again |url=https://schakowsky.house.gov/press-releases/schakowsky-drafting-legislation-to-prevent-united-airlines-debacle-from-happening-again/ |location=Illinois |publisher=US House of Representatives |date=April 12, 2017 |access-date=April 12, 2017}}
138. ^{{cite web |last=Zanona |first=Melanie |url=http://thehill.com/policy/transportation/330738-senate-dems-back-bill-to-boost-airline-consumer-protections |title=Senate Dems back bill to boost airline consumer protections |date=April 26, 2017 |work=The Hill |accessdate=April 27, 2017}}
139. ^{{cite web |last=Mclaughlin|first=Timothy|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/illinois-airlines-ual-idUSL1N1HP1EH|title=Illinois bill would ban forcible removal of passengers after UAL incident|date=April 17, 2017 |work=Chicago Tribune |accessdate=April 18, 2017}}
140. ^{{cite act |title=The Airline Passenger Protection Act |type=House Bill (Introduced) |number=HB4034 |date=April 17, 2017 |article= |articletype= |page= |url=http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/fulltext.asp?DocName=&SessionId=91&GA=100&DocTypeId=HB&DocNum=4034&GAID=14&LegID=106676&SpecSess=&Session=}}
141. ^{{cite news |last=Sweet |first=Lynn |date=April 11, 2017 |title=Lawmakers in Chicago, Washington jump on United after incident |url=http://chicago.suntimes.com/politics/united-airlines-incident-may-spur-congress-to-act-lipinski/ |work=Chicago Sun Times |location=Chicago |access-date=April 12, 2017}}
142. ^{{cite web|url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/chicago-politics/city-changing-name-of-aviation-police-force-after-united-fiasco/|title=Aviation cops cry foul about name change in wake of United fiasco|publisher=Chicago Sun-Times|date=April 26, 2017|author=Fran Spielman|access-date=January 25, 2018}}
143. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/opinion/zorn/ct-united-passenger-chicago-police-statement-perspec-0412-20170411-column.html|title=Chicago police 'statement' another weird twist to United fiasco|first=Eric|last=Zorn|publisher=Chicago Tribune|date=April 11, 2017|access-date=January 25, 2018}}
144. ^{{cite web |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2017/04/13/travel/united-passenger-pulled-off-flight-lawsuit-family-attorney-speak/index.html |title=Man dragged off United flight has concussion, will file suit, lawyer says |first=Elliott C. |last=McLaughlin |publisher=CNN |accessdate=April 13, 2017}}
145. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-united-ceo-apology-dragged-passenger-0412-biz-20170412-story.html|title=2 more aviation officers involved in removing passenger from United plane put on leave: officials|website=Chicago Tribune|date=April 12, 2017|accessdate=April 12, 2017}}
146. ^{{cite web |last=Zumbach|first=Lauren|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-united-dragged-passenger-evidence-0418-biz-20170417-story.html/|title=United Airlines, Chicago agree to preserve evidence in dragged passenger incident |date=April 17, 2017 |work=Chicago Tribune |accessdate=April 17, 2017}}
147. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-39586391|title=United Airlines passenger ordeal 'worse than fall of Saigon'|date=April 13, 2017|work=BBC News|access-date=April 13, 2017|language=en-GB}}
148. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-united-dragged-passenger-lawsuit-20170424-story.html|title=Lawyer: Doctor dragged from United flight plans to file lawsuit|last=Press|first=Associated|work=chicagotribune.com|access-date=April 24, 2017|language=en-US}}
149. ^{{Cite news|url=http://people.com/human-interest/attorney-united-passenger-david-dao-represents-american-airlines-victim/|title=Attorney for United Passenger David Dao Also Representing Mother on American Airlines Flight: 'We Need Fairness'|date=April 24, 2017|work=PEOPLE.com|access-date=April 24, 2017|language=en-US}}
150. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.com.au/officer-who-dragged-united-passenger-off-flight-sues-airline-2018-4 |title=An officer who dragged a United passenger off a flight last year is suing the airline |first=Mark |last=Matousek |publisher=Business Insider |accessdate=12 April 2018}}
151. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.9news.com/news/travel/aviation-attorney-bigger-problem-is-why-this-happened/430249994|title=Aviation attorney delves into why United debacle happened|date=April 10, 2017|publisher=NBC News}}
152. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://www.philly.com/philly/columnists/stu_bykofsky/United-Airlines-right-is-wrong-for-passengers-.html|title=Air law expert in Philly says United was dead wrong|date=April 11, 2017|website=The Philadelphia Inquirer}}
153. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.bostonherald.com/news/local_coverage/2017/04/united_airlines_faces_rough_landing_in_court_if_passenger_sues|title=United Airlines faces rough landing in court if passenger sues|date=April 12, 2017|publisher=Boston Herald}}
154. ^{{cite news|url=http://philadelphia.cbslocal.com/2017/04/11/aviation-attorney-on-united/|title=Aviation Attorney Believes United Airlines Violated Its Own Contract|date=April 11, 2017|publisher=CBS}}
155. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.sacbee.com/news/business/article144328669.html |title=Lawyer: Dragged passenger lost 2 teeth and broke his nose |first1=Don |last1=Babwin |first2=Sara |last2=Burnett |publisher=The Sacramento Bee |access-date=April 13, 2017}}
156. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ual-passenger-idUSKBN17F1WT|title=Passenger dragged on United suffered concussion, broken nose: lawyer|publisher=Reuters|date=April 13, 2017}}
157. ^{{cite episode|title=Jimmy Kimmel on Passenger Dragged Off United Flight|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HV28_ENzFog|access-date=April 11, 2017|series=Jimmy Kimmel Live|season=45|number=15}}
158. ^{{cite news|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Business/wireStory/united-faces-public-relations-fiasco-dragged-passenger-46738181|title=United faces public-relations fiasco over dragged passenger|date=April 11, 2017|publisher=ABC News}}
159. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2017/04/11/united-airlines-butt-late-night-comedians-jokes-internet-memes.html|title=United Airlines butt of late night comedians' jokes, Internet memes|date=April 11, 2017|publisher=Fox News}}
160. ^{{cite episode|title=Take Me Back|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Nsu57_layY|series=Saturday Night Live|season=42|number=18|date=April 15, 2017}}
161. ^{{cite news|publisher=The Hill|title='SNL' rips United and Pepsi in the same sketch|url=http://thehill.com/blogs/in-the-know/in-the-know/329032-snl-rips-united-and-pepsi-in-the-same-sketch|date=April 16, 2017}}
162. ^{{cite news|last1=Carter|first1=Brandon|title=New Yorker cover depicts Trump, Sessions dragging Comey off a plane|url=http://thehill.com/homenews/media/333025-new-yorker-cover-depicts-trump-sessions-dragging-comey-off-a-plane|accessdate=11 May 2017|work=TheHill|issue=|date=11 May 2017}}
163. ^{{cite magazine |author= |date=May 12, 2017 |title=Read Will Ferrell's University of Southern California Commencement Speech |url=http://time.com/4778112/will-ferrell-usc-university-of-southern-california-commencement-graduation-read-transcript/ |magazine=TIME magazine |location=New York City, New York, U.S. |access-date=Dec 28, 2017}}
164. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/business/lazarus/la-fi-lazarus-united-low-priority-passenger-20170412-story.html|title=United passenger threatened with handcuffs to make room for 'higher-priority' traveler|first=David|last=Lazarus|website=latimes.com|access-date=January 25, 2018}}
165. ^{{cite web|url=http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2017/04/11/another-passenger-complains-of-alleged-mistreatment-by-united-airlines/|title=Another Passenger Complains Of Mistreatment By United Airlines|date=April 11, 2017|publisher=|access-date=January 25, 2018}}
166. ^{{cite news|last1=David|first1=Lazarus|title=United passenger threatened with handcuffs to make room for 'higher-priority' traveler|url=http://www.latimes.com/business/lazarus/la-fi-lazarus-united-low-priority-passenger-20170412-story.html|access-date=April 12, 2017|work=Los Angeles Times|date=April 12, 2017}}
167. ^https://www.faa.gov/travelers/fly_children/
168. ^1 https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2017/07/06/mom-has-carry-boy-flight-after-united-takes-his-seat-and-resells/454585001/
169. ^1 2 https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/woman-forced-to-carry-child-on-lap-sues-us-airlines/story-kcMQnqohoJ1wOVl0OW88WM.html
170. ^1 https://abcnews.go.com/US/united-airlines-toddlers-seat-forces-mom-hold-flight/story?id=48463404
171. ^1 https://liveandletsfly.boardingarea.com/2017/07/06/united-airlines-child-seat/
172. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/california-family-kicked-delta-flight-threatened-jail-refusing-give-toddler-n755141|title=Family kicked off flight, threatened with jail, for refusing to give up child's seat|publisher=|access-date=January 25, 2018}}

External links

  • [https://hub.united.com/united-review-action-report-2380196105.html United Express Flight 3411 Review and Action Report]
{{External links|date=January 2018}}
  • "[https://www.forbes.com/sites/adamhartung/2017/04/10/why-united-airlines-abuses-customers-the-risks-of-operational-excellence/#487685d6bb10 Why United Airlines Abuses Customers: The Risks Of Operational Excellence]" Forbes
  • [https://www.business-of-migration.com/migration-today/recent-travel-business/ Recent travel business: When capacity management goes awry ("Comparison to the turn of the 20th century Atlantic")]
  • "Don't Fly Without A Copy Of Rule 240", Consumerist.com
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