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词条 United Nations Security Council Resolution 2375
释义

  1. Negotiations

  2. Sanctions

  3. Aftermath

  4. See also

  5. References

{{Infobox UN resolution
|number = 2375
|organ = SC
|date = 11 September
|year = 2017
|meeting =
|code = S/RES/2375
|document = https://undocs.org/S/RES/2375(2017)
|for = 15
|abstention = 0
|against = 0
|subject = Non-proliferation - Democratic People's Republic of Korea
|result = Adopted
|image =
|caption =
}}{{North Korea and the United Nations |expanded=Nuclear Proliferation}}United Nations Security Council Resolution 2375 was adopted on 11 September 2017. The United Nations Security Council unanimously adopted a new sanctions resolution against North Korea, a response to its sixth nuclear test on September 3.[1] The resolution reduces about 30% of oil provided to North Korea by cutting off over 55% of refined petroleum products going to North Korea.[1][4][5]

Negotiations

The agreed sanctions fell significantly short of the far-reaching penalties that the Trump administration had demanded, having had to compromise with China and Russia to gain their support. Namely, the resolution only sets a cap on oil exports to N.K; the U.S. had originally wanted a complete cutoff, but China had expressed concern that such a drastic measure would lead to N.K.’s collapse. The Russian foreign ministry, after the passage of the watered-down resolution, credited itself with having the strictest provisions of the U.S. original draft removed from the resolution.[2]

Sanctions

Sanctions include the following:

  • Full ban on selling natural gas condensates and liquids to N.K.[4][5]
  • Full ban on purchasing N.K. textiles (expected to reduce the country's revenues by $800 million).[4][5]
  • A quota for selling oil to N.K. (an estimated 30% reduction on current levels).[4]
    • Refined petroleum: 500,000 barrels during an initial period of three months — beginning on 1 October 2017 and ending on 31 December 2017 — and exceeding 2 million barrels per year during a period of 12 months beginning on 1 January 2018 and annually thereafter.[4][5]
    • Crude oil: Limits sales to N.K. to not exceed the amount supplied by each State in the 12-month period prior to the adoption the resolution.[4]
  • Limits visas to be provided by N.K. laborers overseas. Existing visas are allowed to continue until expired, but no new visas are allowed to be issued.[4] The U.S. estimates this will "eventually deny the regime another half billion dollars each year it takes from the nearly 100,000 North Korean citizens working around the world".[5]
  • It asks all countries to inspect ships going in and out of North Korea’s ports (a provision put in place by the Security Council in 2009) but does not authorize the use of force for ships that do not comply (the U.S. wanted authorization to use force and a full naval blockade).[5]
    • If flag states refuse to allow inspections of suspicious vessels, then the flag state is required to redirect the vessels to a port for inspection.[5]
    • If a flag state or vessel does not cooperate with inspections, then the vessel can be designated for an asset freeze, denied port access, de-registered, and suffer other penalties.[5]
  • A ban to joint ventures. This is aimed at further reducing foreign income, as well as technology transfers. However, there are some exemptions for some border projects that involve China and Russia.[5]

Aftermath

After the sanctions were announced, the North Korean government stated the sanctions justified its nuclear program, and vowed to proceed with a "faster pace".[3]

United States reconnaissance satellite imagery taken on 19 October 2017 show Chinese ships selling oil to North Korean vessels, in apparent violation of Security Resolution 2375.[4]

On 28 December 2017, U.S. President Donald Trump accused the Chinese government of "allowing oil to go into North Korea."[5] Chinese Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying responded to these accusations, saying, "China has always implemented U.N. Security Council resolutions pertaining to North Korea in their entirety and fulfils its international obligations. We never allow Chinese companies and citizens to violate the resolutions. If, through investigation, it's confirmed there are violations of the U.N. Security Council resolutions, China will deal with them seriously in accordance with laws and regulations."[6]

See also

  • 2017 North Korea crisis
  • 2017 North Korean nuclear test
  • 2017 in North Korea
  • UN Security Council Sanctions Committee on North Korea
  • List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 2301 to 2400

References

1. ^1 {{cite news |title=United Nations Security Council approves new North Korea sanctions |url=https://www.nknews.org/2017/09/united-nations-security-council-approves-new-north-korea-resolution/ |work=NK News |date=11 September 2017 |accessdate=11 September 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912051137/https://www.nknews.org/2017/09/united-nations-security-council-approves-new-north-korea-resolution/ |archivedate=12 September 2017 |df= }}
2. ^[https://ria.ru/world/20170912/1504181855.html?relap=1 В МИД прокомментировали новую резолюцию Совбеза ООН по КНДР] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913014207/https://ria.ru/world/20170912/1504181855.html?relap=1 |date=2017-09-13 }} RIA Novosti, 12 September 2017.
3. ^{{cite news |last=Kong |first=Kanga |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-09-12/north-korea-vows-to-accelerate-nuclear-push-after-un-sanctions |title=North Korea Slams 'Evil' Sanctions, Vows Faster Nuclear Push |date=12 September 2017 |work=Bloomberg |accessdate=18 January 2018}}
4. ^{{cite news |last1=Yong-weon |first1=Yu |last2=Jin-myung |first2=Kim |url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2017/12/26/2017122601156.html |title=Chinese Ships Spotted Selling Oil to N.Korea |work=The Chosunilbo |date=26 December 2017 |accessdate=29 December 2017}}
5. ^{{cite web |last1=Pennington |first1=Matthew |last2=Lucey |first2=Catherine |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/trump-says-china-caught-red-handed-selling-oil-to-north-korea |title=Trump says China 'caught red handed' selling oil to North Korea |work=PBS NewsHour |agency=AP |date=29 December 2017 |accessdate=29 December 2017}}
6. ^{{cite web |last1=Wen |first1=Philip |last2=Brunnstrom |first2=David |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-northkorea-missiles/after-trump-criticism-china-denies-selling-oil-illicitly-to-north-korea-idUKKBN1EN0CT |title=After Trump criticism, China denies selling oil illicitly to North Kor |publisher=Reuters |date=28 December 2017 |accessdate=29 December 2017}}
7. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite web | url= https://www.un.org/press/en/2017/sc12983.doc.htm |title= Security Council Imposes Fresh Sanctions on Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Including Bans on Natural Gas Sales, Work Authorization for Its Nationals - Resolution 2375 (2017) Also Takes Humanitarian Situation into Account as Members Urge Resumed Talks on Denuclearizing Korean Peninsula|first= |last= | date= September 11, 2017 | publisher= United Nations Security Council | location= New York, USA | accessdate= September 11, 2017 | archiveurl= | archivedate= |deadurl=no}}
8. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite web | url= https://usun.state.gov/remarks/7969 | title= FACT SHEET: Resolution 2375 (2017) Strengthening Sanctions on North Korea | author= United States Mission to the United Nations | date= September 11, 2017 | publisher= United States Department of State | location= U.S.A. | accessdate= September 12, 2017 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20170912004137/https://usun.state.gov/remarks/7969 | archivedate= 2017-09-12 | deadurl= no | df= }}
[7][8]
}}{{UNSCR DPRK}}{{Nuclear program of North Korea}}{{UNSCR 2017}}

5 : 2017 United Nations Security Council resolutions|Nuclear program of North Korea|United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning North Korea|2017 in North Korea|September 2017 events
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