“Upland pasture”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The term originates in the British Isles where upland pastures constitute 9 million hectares, 48% of agricultural land use in the UK.^[1] Upland pastures are widely managed in the United States in New England and Appalachia, and in semi-arid mountain regions in the inter-mountain west where their management is an important aspect of historic farming, wildlife preservation, and range livestock production.^[4]^[5]^[6] Upland pastures are also of primary importance to livestock production in western Australia,^[7] the Mongolian-Manchurian grassland ecoregion,^[8] in the Andes of Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and western Brazil, in the Eurasian Steppes, in South Africa's Highveld, in Switzerland and the Alps, Sweden, Iceland, India, Juniper grasslands around Jabal Sawda in Saudi Arabia and other Juniper encroached grasslands in the Middle East including in Jordan, Israel, Turkey, Kazakhstan, as well as in eastern European nations, and, Tibet, New Zealand, Ethiopia, Canada, Kenya, Tanzania, Eritrea, Yemen, Ghana, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Syria, and Cantabria.^[9]^[10]

1. ^¹{{Cite journal|last1=Davies |first1=A. |last2=Fothergill |first2=M. |last3=Jones |first3=J.R. |date=1998|title=Efficient Use of Upland Pasture|url=https://www.aber.ac.uk/en/media/departmental/ibers/pdf/innovations/98/98ch10.pdf|journal=IGER Innovations|volume=|pages=59–63|accessdate=21 September 2018}}
2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detailfull/pr/soils/?cid=nrcs141p2_037283|title=Hydric soils definition |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture: Natural Resources Conservation Service Caribbean Area |accessdate=21 September 2018}}
3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.wetlandsforum.org/faqsoils.htm|title=Wetland FAQs|last=Beall |first=Barbra B. |publisher=New York State Wetland Forum |accessdate=21 September 2018}}
4. ^{{Cite journal|last=Mires|first=Peter B.|date=December 1993|title=The importance of aspect to historic farmstead site location in the green mountains of Vermont|journal=Historical Archaeology|volume=27|issue=4|pages=82–91|doi=10.1007/bf03373575|issn=0440-9213}}
5. ^{{Cite journal|last1=Jurney |first1=D. H. |last2=Stahle |first2=D. W. |date=2004|title=Old-growth wooded pasture in the Ozarks|url=|journal=Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-73 |volume=|pages=42–52|via=}}
6. ^{{Cite journal|last1=Clary |first1=Warren P. |first2=Bert F. |last2=Webster |date=1989|title=Managing grazing of riparian areas in the Intermountain Region|url=|journal=Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-263 |volume=11|pages=263|via=}}
7. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/rangelands/mitchell-grass-upland-pastures-kimberley|title=Mitchell grass upland pastures of the Kimberley |date=2018|publisher=Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Western Australia |access-date=21 September 2018}}
8. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/pa0813 |title=Mongolian-Manchurian grassland |first=Chris |last=Carpenter |location=Washington, DC |publisher=World Wildlife Fund |date= |accessdate=21 September 2018}}
9. ^{{Cite book |title=Contemporary visions in Tibetan studies: proceedings of the First International Seminar of Young Tibetologists|date=2009|publisher=Serindia Publications|last=Dotson |first=Brandon |isbn=9781932476453|edition=1st |location=Chicago|oclc=426147229}}
10. ^{{cite book |last1=Ross |first1=Mars |last2=Cooper |first2=H. Stonehewer |date=1885 |title=The Highlands of Cantabria; or, Three days from England |location=London |publisher=Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington |page=491 |url=https://archive.org/details/highlandscantab00coopgoog |accessdate=21 September 2018}}

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See also

Sources